Naria turdus

Naria turdus
	A shell of Naria turdus, anterior end towards the right
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cypraeidae
Genus:	Naria
Species:	N. turdus
Binomial name
	Naria turdus; (Lamarck, 1810)
Synonyms
	Cypraea arenosa Dillwyn, 1823; Cypraea facifer (Iredale, 1935); Cypraea foedata Sulliotti, 1911; Cypraea nivea Gray, 1824; Cypraea ovata Perry, 1811; Cypraea pardalina Dunker, 1852; Cypraea phyllidis Shaw, 1915; Cypraea pyriformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1870 (junior synonym); Cypraea raripunctata Sulliotti, 1911; Cypraea turdus Lamarck, 1810 (basionym); Cypraea turdus var. alba G. B. Sowerby I, 1832 (junior synonym); Cypraea turdus var. pyriformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1870 (junior synonym); Cypraea turdus winckworthi Schilder & Schilder, 1938; Cypraea turdus zanzibarica Sullioti, 1911; Cypraea zanzibarica Sulliotti, 1911; Erosaria miyokoae Habe, T. & S. Kosuge, 1970; Erosaria raripuncta Sulliotti, G.R., 1911; Erosaria turdus (Lamarck, 1810); Erosaria turdus distinguenda Schilder, 1927; Erosaria turdus kuwaitensis Heiman, 2014; Erosaria turdus micheloi Chiapponi, 2009; Erosaria turdus pardalina (Dunker, 1852); Erosaria turdus singeri Heiman, 2014; Erosaria turdus somaliaensis Heiman, 2014; Erosaria turdus turdus (Lamarck, 1810); Erosaria turdus winckworthi F. A. Schilder & M. Schilder, 1938; Erosaria turdus zanzibarica (Sullioti, 1911); Monetaria hamyi Rochebrune, 1884;

Naria turdus, common name : the thrush cowrie, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.^[1]

Subspecies

The following forms or varieties have been described:

Naria turdus dilatata (Dunker, R.W., 1852)^[3]
Naria turdus distinguenda (Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1810)^[4]
Naria turdus micheloi Chiapponi, 2009^[5]
Naria turdus pardalina (Dunker, R.W., 1852)^[6]
Naria turdus turdus (Lamarck)
Naria turdus winkworthi Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1938^[7]

Description

The shells of these cowries reach on average 30–38 millimetres (1.2–1.5 in) of length, with a minimum size of 16 millimetres (0.63 in) and a maximum size of 62 millimetres (2.4 in). They are quite variable in pattern and color. The shape is more or less oval, the dorsum surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is whitish, yellowish or greenish, with small brown spots all over, becoming larger on the sides. The interior of the shell, visible through the aperture, may be light purple. The subspecies Naria turdus dilatata usually bears a large irregular patch on the dorsum. The margins are white, with several brown dots and a pronounced labial 'callus'. The base is white or pale pink, sometimes with a small brown mark in the middle. The long and wide aperture shows about 15 teeth on the columellar and labial teeth. The shells of Naria turdus are externally quite similar to Naria lamarckii. In the living cowries the mantle is yellowish or beige, with long tree-shaped brown papillae.

Distribution

The thrush cowry is distributed in the Red Sea, in the Gulf of Oman and in the North West of the Indian Ocean, along Pakistan, India, in the East Africa (Comores, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Oman, Somalia, Tanzania), in the East Coast of South Africa and - as a non-indigenous species - in European waters and in the Mediterranean Sea (Lampedusa, Israel, Djerba Island in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt), where it has been introduced through the Suez Canal.

This species has also been found as an introduced species in the Caribbean starting in the early 2020s. It has been observed in Aruba, Bonaire, Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico.^[8]

Habitat

These cowries live in intertidal shallow waters at 2–10 metres (6 ft 7 in – 32 ft 10 in) of depth. In the Indian Ocean they prefer the coral reef, while in the Mediterranean Sea they can be found on algal turf or sandy and muddy sea bed.

References

^ ^a ^b Naria turdus (Lamarck, 1810). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus dilatata". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus distinguenda". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus micheloi". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus pardalina". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ "Naria turdus winkworthi". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^ Leal, José H. (2022, May 6) "An Invasive Mollusk Makes Headway in the Caribbean: Where Next?" Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum Curator's Blog. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from https://www.shellmuseum.org/post/an-invasive-mollusk-makes-headway-in-the-caribbean-where-next

Schilder, F.A. (1927). Revision der Cypraeacea (Moll. Gastr.). Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 91A(10): 1-171.
Verdcourt, B. (1954). The cowries of the East African Coast (Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Pemba). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 22(4) 96: 129-144, 17 pls
Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 43: 419-453
Chiapponi M. (2009). A lessepsian subspecies of Erosaria turdus (Lamarck, 1810) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) . Acta Conchyliorum, 10: 95-101
Heiman E.L. (2014) Erosaria turdus singeri, a new subspecies. Triton 29: 12-14.
Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 644 pp.

External links

Lamarck [J.B.M.de. (1810). Sur la détermination des espèces parmi les animaux sans vertèbres, et particulièrement parmi les Mollusques testacés. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. 15: 20-40; [Suite des espèces du genre Cône] 263-286, 422-454; [Suite du genre Porcelaine] 16: 89-114]
Dillwyn, L.W. (1823). An index to the Historia conchyliorum of Lister: with the name of the species to which each figure belongs, and occasional remarks. [ii + xiii + 48 pp., 1059 figs + 22 pls. Clarendon Press, Oxford]
Rochebrune, A.-T. (1884). Monographie des formes appartenant au genre Monetaria. Bulletin de la Société Malacologique de France. 1: 73-102
Gray, J.E. (1824-1828). Monograph on the Cypraeidae, a family of testaceous Mollusca. Zoological Journal. 1(1): 71-80, pl. 7 [March 1824; 1(2): 137-152 [June 1824]; 1(3): 367-391, pl. 12]
Dunker, W. (1852). Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie. 9: 125-128
Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. 4 pp., 61 plates. London.
Sowerby, G. B., I; Sowerby, G. B., II. (1832-1841). The conchological illustrations or, Coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells. London, privately published.
Sowerby, G. B., II. (1870). Monograph of the genus Cypraea. In G. B. Sowerby II (ed.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Vol. 4 (26-28): 1–58, pls 292–328. London, privately published
Biolib
Ciesm
Clade

[WoRMS-1] Naria turdus (Lamarck, 1810). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 January 2019.

[2] "Naria turdus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[3] "Naria turdus dilatata". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[4] "Naria turdus distinguenda". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[5] "Naria turdus micheloi". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[6] "Naria turdus pardalina". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[7] "Naria turdus winkworthi". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

[BMSM-8] Leal, José H. (2022, May 6) "An Invasive Mollusk Makes Headway in the Caribbean: Where Next?" Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum Curator's Blog. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from https://www.shellmuseum.org/post/an-invasive-mollusk-makes-headway-in-the-caribbean-where-next

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