Nicotine patch
 |
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (July 2009) |
A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), a process for smoking cessation. The first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984[1] by Jed E. Rose, Ph.D., Murray E. Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes.[2] Frank Etscorn filed a patent in the United States on January the 23rd 1985 and was issued the patent on July 1, 1986.[3] The University of California filed a competing patent application nearly 3 years after Etscorn's filing on February the 19th, 1988, which was granted on May 1, 1990.[4] Subsequently, the U.S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, after a thorough review of conception, reduction to practice and patent filing dates, issued on September 29, 1993 a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.[5] Eventually New Mexico Tech and Etscorn won discovery.
Contents |
Issues [edit]
Efficacy [edit]
Dozens of clinical trials have shown that the patch approximately doubles success rates over placebo treatment. Placebo tests show a 5.9% success rate, in comparison to the 7.2% blind active tests, and the 10.8% open tests.[6][7]
Alternate uses [edit]
Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of post-surgical pain.[8]
Studies are being conducted about the use of transdermal nicotine patches to treat anxiety, depression, and inattentiveness in subjects with ADHD.[9]
See also [edit]
- Murray Jarvik
- Smoking cessation
- Nicotine replacement therapy
- Nicotine lozenge
- Nicotine gum
- Transdermal patch
- Nicoderm CQ
References [edit]
- ^ Rose, J. E.; Jarvik, M. E.; Rose, K. D. (1984). "Transdermal administration of nicotine". Drug and alcohol dependence 13 (3): 209–213. PMID 6734425.
- ^ Rose, J. E.; Herskovic, J. E.; Trilling, Y.; Jarvik, M. E. (1985). "Transdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference". Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 38 (4): 450–456. PMID 4042528.
- ^ US 4597961, Etscorn, FT
- ^ US 4920989
- ^ http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/1995/week08/patadve.htm
- ^ http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/health-patch.htm
- ^ Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. April 2009
- ^ Nicotine Patch Decreases Post Surgical Pain
- ^ Transdermal Nicotine in Adult ADHD With Depression and Anxiety
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-solution.jpg)
