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Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

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Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
سازمان چريک‌های فدايی خلق ايران
AbbreviationOIPFG[1]
SpokespersonMehdi Fatapour[2]
Secretary of the Central CommitteeFarrokh Negahdar[3]
Foundedlate 1963 initial activity[4]
April 1971 as the unified organization[1]
DissolvedJune 1980[5]
Merger ofJazani-Ẓarifi Group and Aḥmadzāda-Puyān-Meftāḥi Group[1]
Succeeded byOrganization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority)
Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
NewspaperKar[5]
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
Anti-imperialism
Political positionFar-left[6]
Colors  Red
AnthemAftabkaran-e-Jangal (lit. 'Sunplanters of Jungle')[7]
Party flag

LeadersHamid Ashraf  (KIA)
Ashraf Dehghani  (POW)
Dates of operation1971–1976[8]
1977[9]–1980
Group(s)Urban team, rural team[4]
Size3,000 (estimate)[6]
Allies
OpponentsIran Imperial State
 Islamic Republic
Battles and warsSiahkal incident

The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; Persian: سازمان چريک‌های فدايی خلق ايران, romanized: Sāzmān-e čerikhā-ye Fadāʾi-e ḵalq-e Irān), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq (Persian: فداییان خلق, romanized: Fadāʾiān-e ḵalq, lit. 'Popular Selfsacrificers')[9] was an underground Marxist–Leninist guerrilla organization in Iran.[1]

Ideology

Ideologically, the group pursued an Anti-imperialist agenda and embraced armed propaganda to justify its revolutionary armed struggle against Iran's monarchy system,[11] and believed in Materialism.[8] They rejected reformism, and were inspired by thoughts of Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, and Régis Debray.[5]

They criticized the National Front and the Liberation Movement as "Petite bourgeoisie paper organizations still preaching the false hope of peaceful change".[4] Fedai Guerrillas initially criticized the Soviet Union and the Tudeh Party as well, however they later abandoned the stance as a result of cooperation with the socialist camp.[5]

Bijan Jazani, known as the "intellectual father" of the organization, contributed to its ideology by writing a series of pamphlets such as "Struggle against the Shah's Dictatorship", "What a Revolutionary Must Know" and "How the Armed Struggle Will Be Transformed into a Mass Struggle?". The pamphlets were followed by Masoud Ahmadzadeh's treatise "Armed Struggle: Both a Strategy and a Tactic" and "The Necessity of Armed Struggle and the Rejection of the Theory of Survival" by Amir Parviz Pouyan.[4]

Electoral history

Year Election Seats won
1979 Constitutional Assembly
0 / 73 (0%)
1980 Parliament
0 / 290 (0%)

Leadership

The group was governed by collective leadership. Before the Iranian Revolution, its six-members leadership did not use the term 'central committee'.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Vahabzadeh, Peyman (28 March 2016) [7 December 2015]. "FADĀʾIĀN-E ḴALQ". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  2. ^ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780815651475.
  3. ^ Muhammad Kamal (1986). "Iranian Left in Political Dilemma". Pakistan Horizon. 39 (3). Karachi: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs: 39–51. JSTOR 41393782.
  4. ^ a b c d Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 483–9. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
  5. ^ a b c d Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (27 October 2011) [15 December 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  6. ^ a b Donald Newton Wilber (2014). Iran, Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Princeton University Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-1400857470.
  7. ^ Cultural Revolution in Iran: Contemporary Popular Culture in the Islamic Republic, I.B. Tauris, 2013, p. 156, ISBN 9781780760896 {{citation}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  8. ^ a b Mahmood T. Davari (2004). The Political Thought of Ayatollah Murtaza Mutahhari: An Iranian Theoretician of the Islamic State. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-29488-6.
  9. ^ a b Hiro, Dilip (2013). "Fedai Khalq". A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East. Interlink Publishing. pp. 483–9. ISBN 9781623710330.
  10. ^ a b c "Terrorism in Iran and Afghanistan: The Seeds of the Global Jihad", Middle Eastern Terrorism, Infobase Publishing, 2006, pp. 41–42, ISBN 9781438107196 {{citation}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  11. ^ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 100.
  12. ^ a b c d Maziar, Behrooz (2000). Rebels with a Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 209. ISBN 1860646301.
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