Procolophonoidea

Procolophonoids; Temporal range: 265–201.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Middle Wordian - Late Rhaetian
	Skeleton of Kapes bentoni (Procolophonidae, Procolophoninae)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Suborder:	†Procolophonia
Superfamily:	†Procolophonoidea; Broom, 1939
Families
	†Owenettidae; †Procolophonidae;
Synonyms
	Procolophoniformes De Braga & Rieppel, 1997;

Procolophonoidea is an extinct superfamily of procolophonian parareptiles. Members were characteristically small, stocky, and lizard-like in appearance. Fossils have been found worldwide from many continents including Antarctica.^[1] The first members appeared during the Late Permian in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.^[2]

Taxonomy

Procolophonoidea includes the families Owenettidae and Procolophonidae. Sclerosaurus, which is placed within its own family Sclerosauridae, may be a member of the superfamily as well. In 1997, De Braga and Rieppel defined this same taxon (the oldest common ancestor of Procolophonidae and Owenettidae and all its descendants) using the name Procolophoniformes.^[3]

When the superfamily was constructed in 1956, it was thought to be within the anthracosaur suborder Diadectomorpha.^[4] Since then it has been placed within the suborder Procolophonia along with the pareiasaurs, a group of large herbivorous Permian parareptiles.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Procolophonia
- Procolophonoidea
  - Family Owenettidae
    - Species "Owenetta" kitchingorum
    - Genus Barasaurus
    - Genus Candelaria
    - Genus Owenetta
    - Genus Ruhuhuaria
    - Genus Saurodektes
  - Family Procolophonidae
    - ? Genus Gomphiosauridion
    - ? Genus Kinelia
    - ? Genus Spondylolestes
    - ? Genus Xenodiphyodon
    - Genus Coletta
    - Genus Kitchingnathus
    - Genus Lasasaurus
    - Genus Phaanthosaurus
    - Genus Pintosaurus
    - Genus Sauropareion
    - Genus Tichvinskia
    - Subfmily Leptopleuroninae
    - Subfmily Procolophoninae
    - Subfmily Theledectinae

Cladogram of Procolophonoidea, excluding members of Procolophonidae

Procolophonoidea

Owenettidae

void

Barasaurus

void	Owenetta rubidgei

	Saurodektes

void	"Owenetta" kitchingorum

	Candelaria

void

Coletta

void	Sauropareion

	Procolophonidae

Cisneros et al. 2004^[9]

Cladogram of Procolophonidae

Procolophonidae

void

Contritosaurus

Tichvinskia

void

Procolophon

void

	Hypsognathus

Modesto et al. 2001^[10]

References

^ Colbert, E. H. and Kitching, J. W. (1975). The Triassic reptile Procolophon in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2566:1-23.
^ Broom, R. (1939). A new type of cotylosaurian, Owenetta rubidgei. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19:319–321.
^ Jalil, N. E., & Janvier, P. (2005). Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc. Geodiversitas, 27(1), 35-132.
^ Romer, A. S. (1956). Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press. 772 pp.
^ Daly, E. (1973). A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 47(3):562-589.
^ Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
^ Lee, M. S. Y. (1997). Pareisaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120(3):197-280.
^ Modesto, S. P. and Damiani, R. (2007). The procolophonoid reptile Sauropareion anoplus from the lowermost Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(2):337-349.
^ Cisneros, J. C., Damiani, R., Schultz, C., da Rosa, A., Schwanke, C., Neto, L. W. and Aurélio, P. L. P. (2004) A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 271(1547):1541–1546.
^ Modesto, S. Sues, H.-D. and Damiani, R. (2001). A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 268(2001):2047–2052.

External links

Introduction to Procolophonoidea University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)
Procolophonoidea in the Paleobiology Database

[1] Colbert, E. H. and Kitching, J. W. (1975). The Triassic reptile Procolophon in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2566:1-23.

[2] Broom, R. (1939). A new type of cotylosaurian, Owenetta rubidgei. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19:319–321.

[jalil&janvier2013-3] Jalil, N. E., & Janvier, P. (2005). Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc. Geodiversitas, 27(1), 35-132.

[4] Romer, A. S. (1956). Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press. 772 pp.

[5] Daly, E. (1973). A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 47(3):562-589.

[6] Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.

[7] Lee, M. S. Y. (1997). Pareisaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120(3):197-280.

[8] Modesto, S. P. and Damiani, R. (2007). The procolophonoid reptile Sauropareion anoplus from the lowermost Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(2):337-349.

[9] Cisneros, J. C., Damiani, R., Schultz, C., da Rosa, A., Schwanke, C., Neto, L. W. and Aurélio, P. L. P. (2004) A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 271(1547):1541–1546.

[10] Modesto, S. Sues, H.-D. and Damiani, R. (2001). A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 268(2001):2047–2052.

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