Ralph Cochrane

Sir Ralph Cochrane
Cochrane in the uniform of an Air-Vice Marshal
Born	24 February 1895 Springfield, Fife, Scotland
Died	17 December 1977 (aged 82)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Air Force RNZAF
Years of service	1912–1952
Rank	Air Chief Marshal
Battles/wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Air Force Cross Mention in Despatches (4)
Other work	Director of Rolls Royce

Air Chief Marshal Sir Ralph Alexander Cochrane, GBE, KCB, AFC, RAF (24 February 1895 – 17 December 1977) was a British pilot and Royal Air Force officer, perhaps best known for his role in Operation Chastise, the famous "Dambusters" raid.

Early RAF career

Ralph Cochrane was born on 24 February 1895, the youngest son of Thomas Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults, in the Scottish village of Springfield. Although not certain, it is likely that he attended the Royal Naval College at Osborne in 1908. On 15 September 1912, Cochrane entered the Royal Navy proper as a midshipman.

During the First World War, Cochrane served in the Royal Naval Air Service piloting airships. He also completed a tour as a staff officer in the Admiralty's Airship Department.

In January 1920, he was removed from the Navy List and granted a commission in the Royal Air Force. Between the Wars, Cochrane served in various staff positions and commanded No. 3 Squadron from 1924 before attending the RAF Staff College commanding and No. 8 Squadron from 1929. He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1935.

In 1936 Cochrane was sent to New Zealand to assist with the establishment of the Royal New Zealand Air Force as an independent service from the Army. On 1 April 1937, Cochrane was appointed Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Air Vice-Marshal Ralph Cochrane, Wing Commander Guy Gibson, King George VI and Group Captain John Whitworth discussing the Dambusters Raid in May 1943

World War II and the post-war years

During the Second World War, Cochrane commanded No. 7 Group from July 1940, No. 3 Group from September 1942 and No. 5 Group from February 1943; all these Groups were in RAF Bomber Command. 5 Group became the most efficient and elite Main Force bomber group undertaking spectacular raids. Cochrane commanded the Dam-Busters raid. There was intense, sometimes openly hostile, rivalry between Cochrane and Air Vice Marshal Donald Bennett, who saw Cochrane's experimentation with low-level target marking in 1944 as a direct threat to his own specialist squadron's reputation.

In February 1945, Cochrane became Air Officer Commanding at RAF Transport Command, a position he held until 1947 when he became Air Officer Commanding at RAF Flying Training Command. During this time he managed the Berlin Airlift. In 1950 Cochrane was appointed Vice-Chief of the Air Staff. Ralph Cochrane retired from the service in 1952. Following his retirement, Cochrane entered the business world notably as director of Rolls Royce. He was also chairman of RJM exports which manufactured scientific models and is now known as Cochranes of Oxford.

References

Military offices
New title Service became independent	Chief of the Air Staff (RNZAF) 1937–1939	Succeeded by H W L Saunders
Vacant Title last held by D Le G Pitcher	Air Officer Commanding No. 7 Group 1940	Succeeded by L H Cockey
Preceded by W A Coryton	Air Officer Commanding No. 5 Group 1943–1945	Succeeded by H A Constantine
Preceded by Sir Frederick Bowhill	Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Transport Command 1945–1947	Succeeded by Sir Brian Baker
Preceded by Sir Arthur Coningham	Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Flying Training Command 1947–1950	Succeeded by Sir Hugh Walmsley
Preceded by Sir Arthur Sanders	Vice-Chief of the Air Staff 1950 – 1952	Succeeded by Sir John Baker