Raphael Mechoulam
| Raphael Mechoulam | |
|---|---|
 Raphael Mechoulam |
|
| Born | 1930 Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Residence | Jerusalem |
| Citizenship | Israel |
| Fields | Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Products |
| Institutions | Weizmann Institute of Science, Rockefeller University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| Doctoral advisor | Prof. Franz Sondheimer |
| Known for | Total synthesis of tetrahydrocannabinol, major contributions to the chemistry of cannabinoids and discovery of endocannabinoids |
Raphael Mechoulam (Hebrew: רפאל משולם) (born 1930) is an Israeli professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. Mechoulam is best for his work (together with Y. Gaoni) in the isolation, structure elucidation and total synthesis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active principle of cannabis and for the isolation and the identification of the endogenous cannabinoids anandamide from the brain and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) from peripheral organs together with his students, postdocs and collaborators.
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[edit] Birth and education
Raphael Mechoulam was born in Sofia, Bulgaria on November 5, 1930. His father was a physician and head of a local hospital, while his mother "who had studied in Berlin, enjoyed the life of a well-to-do Jewish family". He attended an "American Grade School" until his parents were forced to leave their hometown because of anti-semitic laws and his father was subsequently sent to a concentration camp, from which he survived. After the communist takeover of hitherto pro-German Bulgaria in 1944 he studied chemical engineering, which he "disliked." In 1949 his family immigrated to Israel where he later studied chemistry. He gained his first research experience in the Israeli Army working on insecticides. He finished his PhD thesis on the chemistry of steroids under the supervision of Prof. Franz Sondheimer in 1950s. After a postdoctoral stay at the Rockefeller Institute with Prof. S. William Pelletier he became a junior member at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
[edit] Academic career
Raphael Mechoulam, while being a junior member at the Weizmann Institute of Science, succeeded in the isolation, structure elucidation and total synthesis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active principle of marijuana. He later became a full professor for medicinal chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he established the "Department of Natural Products". His major scientific interest is the chemistry and pharmacology of cannabinoids. He and his research group succeeded in the total synthesis of the major plant cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol and various others. Another research project initiated by him led to the isolation of the first described endocannabinoid anandamide which was isolated and characterized by two of his postdoctoral researchers, Lumír Ondřej Hanuš and William Devane. Another endogenous cannabinoid, 2-AG, was soon discovered by Shimon Ben-Shabat, one of his PhD students. He published more than 350 scientific articles.
[edit] Awards and honours
Mechoulam was awarded several prizes, including the Heinrich Wieland Prize.
Somach Sachs Prize for “best research by a scientist below 35 at the Weizmann Institute”, 1964.
Distinguished Visiting Professorship, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 1982-1983.
International Biannual Cannabis meeting (held in Colymbari, Crete), 1990, dedicated to R.M.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. Nov. 1991 issue dedicated to R.M. for achievements in the cannabinoid field.
Kolthof Prize in Chemistry, 1994, The Technion, Haifa.
Elected, Member Israel Academy of Sciences, 1994.
Ulf von Euler Lecture in Physiology Karolinska Institute. Stockholm, Sweden, 1994
Hanf prize, Germany, 1997, for “the discovery of THC and lasting research on Cannabis – anandamides”.
Hanus Medal, 1998, by Czech Chemical Society in recognition of contribution to cannabinoid chemistry.
David R. Bloom Prize, 1998, for “excellence in pharmaceutical research”, Hebrew University.
The International Cannabinoid Research Society established the "Raphael Mechoulam Annual Award in Cannabinoid Research" in 1999.
Israel Prize in Exact Sciences – chemistry, 2000.[1][2] among others.
Ariens Award and Lecture. 2000. Dutch Pharmacological Society sponsored by Solvay Pharmaceuticals. Amsterdam.
Doctor Honoris Causa. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 2001.
Elected, Honorary Member, Israel Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2002.
Heinrich Wieland Prize, endowed by Boehringer-Ingelheim, to promote research on “lipids and related substances in the fields of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Medicine”, Germany, 2004.
Henrietta Szold Prize for achievements in medical research, Tel-Aviv Municipality, June 2005
Doctor Honoris Causa, Complutense University, Madrid, 2006
ECNP (European College of Neuropsychopharmaclogy) Lifetime Achievement Award, Paris, 2006.
Medal, Palacky University, for studies on materials with biological activity, Olomouc, The Czech State, September, 2008.
Israel Chemical Society Prize for excellence in research, Feb. 2009.
He is an elected member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
[edit] References
- ^ "Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Recipient’s C.V.". http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashas/RefaelMeshulam/.
- ^ "Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Judges' Rationale for Grant to Recipient". http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashas/RefaelMeshulam/NimukeiAshofetMeshulam.htm.
[edit] Further reading
- Mechoulam R (June 2007). "Conversation with Raphael Mechoulam". Addiction (Abingdon, England) 102 (6): 887–93. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01795.x. PMID 17523982.
- "School of Pharmacy - Prof. Mechoulam". http://pharmacy.huji.ac.il/eng/staff_win.asp?id=66.
[edit] Podcasts
- A podcast (open access) of an interview with Raphael Mechoulam, recorded by Steve Alexander for the British Journal of Pharmacology on the occasion of his 80th Birthday in November 2010
