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Shift time

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For other uses, see Time shifting.

Shift time refers to the time interval between gear changes in a transmission. This interval is the time in which power delivery is transferred to the next selected gear, and engine speed is reduced or increased to synchronize the speed of the next gear. Shift time is usually in reference to motor vehicles, but can apply to any gearbox.

Reducing shift time is important in performance and racing vehicles because upshifting generally interrupts power delivery to the wheels. Shift time in a manual gearbox is dependent on the driver, but in automatic or automated manual cars, the electronic or hydraulic control system must be calibrated and tuned to execute fast gear changes. Generally, a dual-clutch transmission shifts faster than a standard hydraulic automatic transmission with a torque converter or a single-clutch automated manual transmission. This is possible because the DCT can pre-select the next gear and switch between its two separate clutches to the next pre-determined gear, thus reducing shift times. Using a freewheel may reduce shift time, as it may not be necessary to use the clutch. A shift kit is also intended to reduce the shift time of a manual vehicle.

With a manual transmission, upshift time can be reduced by installing a lighter flywheel. During an upshift, the engine speed must decrease to synchronize with a higher gear; a lighter flywheel will allow the engine speed to drop more quickly, leading to shorter shift times.

Shift times

  • A long shift time is considered anything over 625 milliseconds.[1]
  • The average manual car driver takes between 500 ms and 1 s to perform vertical gear changes (i.e. 1st-2nd, 3rd-4th, 5th-6th) and 1 - 2 s to perform horizontal gear changes (i.e. 2nd-3rd, 4th-5th). Shift time is also dependent on gear throws (distance between gears), ease of movement, ergonomics of the gear stick, and gearbox condition. [citation needed]
  • For reference, the time it takes for a human to blink can be as quick as 100ms[2] (.1 seconds)

Example upshift times

Please note that manufacturers may have different definitions of shift times.

Vehicle Transmission model Transmission type Shift time (ms) Notes
Alfa Romeo MiTo and Giulietta (3rd generation) FPT C635 DDCT Dual-clutch 8[3]
Volkswagen Golf GTI (5th generation) Volkswagen Group DSG Dual-clutch 8[4]
Lamborghini Aventador Graziano ISR Automated manual 50[5][6]
Ferrari 430 Scuderia Graziano F1 Automated manual 60[citation needed]
Ferrari FXX Evoluzione Graziano F1 Automated manual 60[citation needed]
Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale Maserati MC Race Shift Automated manual 60[citation needed] With Race mode active
BMW M5 (E60) BMW SMG III Automated manual 65-250[7]
BMW M3 (E46) BMW SMG II Automated manual 80[4]
BMW M3 (E92) BMW M DCT Dual-clutch 80[citation needed]
Ferrari FXX Graziano F1 Automated manual 80[8]
Maserati Coupé ("4200 GT") Graziano Cambiocorsa Automated manual 80[4]
Shelby GT500 (3rd generation) Tremec TR-9070 Dual-clutch 80[9]
Bugatti Veyron Volkswagen Group DSG Dual-clutch 100[10]
Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Mercedes-Benz AMG SpeedShift Dual-clutch 100[citation needed]
Lexus LC 500 Aisin WR10L65 Hydraulic automatic 120[11]
Renault Clio RS 200 EDC Trophy (4th generation) Renault EDC Dual-clutch <120[12] With Race mode active
Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 (6th generation) Ford-GM 10L90 Hydraulic automatic ~150[13]
Ferrari Enzo Graziano F1 Automated manual 150[4]
Nissan GT-R BorgWarner GR6Z30A Dual-clutch 150[14] With R Mode active
Dodge Challenger (3rd generation) and Charger (7th generation) ZF 8HP Hydraulic automatic 160[citation needed] With Track mode active
Lexus LFA Aisin SA6 Automated manual 200[citation needed]
BMW M3 (E36) BMW SMG I Automated manual 220[4]
Aston Martin Vanquish - Automated manual 250[4]
Ferrari 575M Maranello Graziano F1 Automated manual 220[4]
Ferrari 360 Graziano F1 Automated manual 250[4]
Lamborghini Huracan Performante - Dual-clutch 290[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Tech Tips: Understanding TAP". Automotive Service Association. Archived from the original on 2006-10-03. Retrieved 2006-07-29.
  2. ^ "Blink and you miss it!". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  3. ^ "Alfa Romeo UK". Archived from the original on 2011-07-12.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Volkswagen makes way for DSG". Paul Tan. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
  5. ^ "Oerlikon Graziano and Vocis Driveline Controls develop step change in transmission technology for new Lamborghini flagship - Oerlikon Graziano". www.oerlikon.com. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  6. ^ Radu, Vlad (2021-07-02). "The Aventador's ISR Gearbox: How It Works and Why Some Owners Complain About It". autoevolution. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  7. ^ Lewin, Tony (30 September 2016). The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines. Motorbooks. p. 137. ISBN 9780760353042. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  8. ^ "Ferrari FXX Breaks Cover". Piston Heads. Retrieved 2006-09-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Stunning Performance and Control: 2020 Shelby GT500 Achieves Supercar Acceleration with 760 Horsepower and 7-Speed Dual-Clutch Transmission". Ford Media Center. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  10. ^ "Bugatti Veyron Super Sport Technical Specifications" (PDF). Bugatti.com. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  11. ^ "MY19 Lexus LC500 Sales Brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-11-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "New Clio R.S. 200 EDC: 'à la carte' sports performance". Renaultsport. Retrieved 2014-03-09.
  13. ^ "Camaro ZL1's Lightning-Fast Transmission is a Perfect 10". media.gm.com. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  14. ^ "LAUNCH CONTROL: MY20 NISSAN GT-R IS READY FOR TAKE-OFF". Official Great Britain Newsroom. 2019-08-30. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
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