Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China
Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 58 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.
Timeline
The timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China encompasses the years from 1912 to 1949 (the establishment of the People's Republic of China), and the year of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) establishments as a substitute for embassies in the absence of official diplomatic relations with the ROC.
Year | State | Event | TECRO establishment |
---|---|---|---|
1912 | Austria-Hungary | Recognition; relations began in 1869 | |
1912 | Brazil | Recognition; relations began in 1880 | |
1912 | Cuba | Recognition; relations began in 1902 | |
1912 | Denmark | Recognition; relations began in 1908 | |
1912 | Italy | Recognition; relations began in 1866 | |
1912 | Mexico | Recognition; relations began in 1899 | |
1912 | United Kingdom | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty | 1963[1] |
1912 | United States | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1844 | |
1913 | France | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty | |
1913 | Russia | Recognition; relations began in 1878 | |
1913 | Germany | Recognition of the establishment of the Republic of China; relations began in 1861. | |
1913 | Peru | Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1875 | |
1915 | Chile | Diplomatic relations established | |
1917 | Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1918 | Russia | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1919 | Bolivia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1919 | Finland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1919 | Poland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1921 | Estonia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1921 | Germany | Diplomatic relations resumed (first time) | |
1921 | Lithuania | Diplomatic relations established | |
1922 | Panama | Diplomatic re-established; relations began with the Qing dynasty in 1909. | |
1923 | Latvia | Diplomatic relations established[2] | 1992 (Consulate) 1995[3][4] |
1924 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations resumed (first time) | |
1929 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) | |
1930 | Japan | Diplomatic relations established | |
1930 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations established | |
1931 | Czechoslovakia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1932 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1933 | Guatemala | Diplomatic relations established | |
1934 | Monaco | Diplomatic relations established | |
1934 | Turkey | Diplomatic relations established | |
1937[5] | Iran | Diplomatic relations established | |
1937 | Japan | Diplomatic relations ceased (Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War) | |
1939 | Romania | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Nazi Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time, German diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1941 | Australia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Colombia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Honduras | Diplomatic relations established | |
1941 | Italy | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time, Italian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1941 | Romania | Diplomatic relations ceased (Romanian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime) | |
1942 | Canada | Diplomatic relations established | |
1942 | Holy See | Diplomatic relations established | |
1942 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations established | |
1942 | Iraq | Diplomatic relations established | |
1944 | Afghanistan | Diplomatic relations established | |
1944 | Dominican Republic | Diplomatic relations established | |
1945 | Yugoslavia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1946 | Italy | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1946 | Mongolia | Recognition achieved | |
1946 | Syria | Recognition achieved | |
1946 | Thailand | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | Bulgaria | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | Saudi Arabia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1947 | India | Diplomatic relations established | |
1948 | Burma | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | Israel | Recognition achieved | |
1949 | Luxembourg | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | South Africa | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | South Korea | Diplomatic relations established | |
1949 | Soviet Union | Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)[6] | 1993 (in Russia)[7] |
1949 | Czechoslovakia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[8] (in Czech Republic) 2003[9] (in Slovakia) |
1949 | Poland | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1949 | Hungary | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1949 | Albania | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1949 | Bulgaria | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Afghanistan | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Norway | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1980[10] |
1950 | Switzerland | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1973[10] |
1950 | Finland | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990[11] |
1950 | Sweden | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Denmark | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1980[12] |
1950 | India | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1995[13] |
1950 | Ceylon | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Burma | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1950 | Indonesia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1971 |
1951 | Pakistan | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1952 | Japan | Diplomatic relations re-established (2nd time) | |
1953 | Laos | Diplomatic relations established | |
1953 | Mongolia | Recognition revoked | 2002 |
1954 | Lebanon | Diplomatic relations established | |
1954 | Netherlands | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1981 |
1955 | South Vietnam | Diplomatic relations established | |
1955 | West Germany | Diplomatic relations resumed (second time) | |
1955 | Nepal | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1955 | Yugoslavia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1956 | Egypt | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1956[5] | Iran | Diplomatic relations established | |
1956 | Syria | Recognition withdrawn | |
1956 | Haiti | Diplomatic relations established | |
1957 | Jordan | Diplomatic relations established | |
1957 | Paraguay | Diplomatic relations established | |
1958 | Iraq | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1958 | Morocco | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1959 | Sudan | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1960 | Cuba | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1960 | Nigeria | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1960 | Guatemala | Diplomatic relations established | |
1960 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1961 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations established | |
1961 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1961 | Laos | Diplomatic relations ceased (first time) | |
1961 | Upper Volta | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1961 | Congo-Léopoldville | Diplomatic relations resumed (1st time) | |
1962 | Laos | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1962 | Uganda | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1963 | Niger | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1964 | France | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1974[14] |
1964 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1964 | Malaysia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1966 | Malawi | Diplomatic relations established | |
1966 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1968 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1968 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1968 | Swaziland | Diplomatic relations established | |
1969 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1970 | Italy | Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) | 1990[15] |
1970 | Khmer Republic | Diplomatic relations established | |
1970 | Canada | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[16] |
1970 | Chile | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975[17] |
1971 | Belgium | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1971[18] |
1971 | Austria | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1972[10] |
1971 | Iceland | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Turkey | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Iran | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Kuwait | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Lebanon | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1971 | Peru | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1978[19] |
1971 | Nigeria | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1991[20] |
1972 | United Kingdom | Diplomatic relations ceased[21] | 1963 (as "The Free Chinese Centre, London") 1993[1] |
1972 | Japan | Diplomatic relations ceased (second) | |
1972 | West Germany | Diplomatic relations ceased (third time) | 1999 (in Germany)[22] |
1972 | Greece | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1972 | Australia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1992[23] |
1972 | New Zealand | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1973[24] |
1972 | Luxembourg | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1972 | Mexico | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1972 | Argentina | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1995[25] |
1972 | Jamaica | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1972 | Chad | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1972 | Zaire | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1972 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1973 | Spain | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1973[10] |
1973 | Upper Volta | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1974 | Malaysia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1974[26] |
1974 | Brazil | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1974 | Venezuela | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1974 | Niger | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1974 | Gabon | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1974 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1975 | Thailand | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1975[27] |
1975 | Khmer Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1975 | South Vietnam | Defeat of South Vietnam | 1992 (in Vietnam) |
1975 | Laos | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1975 | Philippines | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1976 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1977 | Jordan | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1977 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1978 | Libya | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1979 | United States | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1979[28] |
1979 | Portugal | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1979 | Colombia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1979 | Tuvalu | Diplomatic relations established | |
1980 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1980 | Ecuador | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1981 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Dominica | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations ceased (first) | |
1983 | Solomon Islands | Diplomatic relations established | |
1983 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Diplomatic relations established | |
1984 | United Arab Emirates | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1984 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations established (1st time) | |
1985 | Bolivia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1985 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1988 | Uruguay | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1989 | Grenada | Diplomatic relations established | |
1989 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1989 | Bahamas | Diplomatic relations established | |
1989 | Belize | Diplomatic relations established | |
1990 | Saudi Arabia | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1990[29] |
1990 | Guinea-Bissau | Diplomatic relations established | |
1990 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations established (2nd time) | |
1990 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1991 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time) | |
1991 | People's Republic of China | De facto recognition[30] | |
1992 | South Korea | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1994 |
1992 | Israel | Recognition withdrawn[31] | 1993[32] |
1992 | Niger | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1993 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1994 | Lesotho | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1994 | Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) | Diplomatic relations established (2nd time) | |
1995 | Monaco | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1995 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations resumed | |
1996 | Niger | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
1996 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1997 | Bahamas | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1997 | Chad | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
1997 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time) | |
1997 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
1997 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Diplomatic relations established | |
1998 | South Africa | Diplomatic relations ceased | 1998[33] |
1998 | Central African Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time) | |
1998 | Guinea-Bissau | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1998 | Tonga | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
1998 | Marshall Islands | Diplomatic relations established | |
1999 | Macedonia | Diplomatic relations established | |
1999 | Palau | Diplomatic relations established | |
2001 | Macedonia | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2002 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time) | |
2003 | Liberia | Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time) | |
2003 | Kiribati | Diplomatic relations established | |
2004 | Dominica | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2004 | Vanuatu | Diplomatic relations maintained for a week[34] | |
2005 | Grenada | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2005 | Nauru | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
2005 | Senegal | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2006 | Chad | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2007 | Saint Lucia | Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time) | |
2007 | Costa Rica | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2008 | Kosovo | Recognition achieved | |
2008 | Malawi | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2013 | Gambia | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2016 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Diplomatic relations ceased[35] | |
2017 | Panama | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2018 | Dominican Republic | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2018 | Burkina Faso | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) | |
2018 | El Salvador | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2019 | Solomon Islands | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2019 | Kiribati | Diplomatic relations ceased | |
2020 | Somaliland | Unofficial relations established | |
2021 | Nicaragua | Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time) |
See also
Taiwan portal |
- Foreign relations of China
- Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
References
- ^ a b "Taiwan-UK Relations - Taiwan-UK relations - Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. 駐英國台北代表處". Archived from the original on 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
- ^ Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
- ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (2007-08-07). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. pp. 76–94. ISBN 9781134100842.
- ^ "本處與駐在國關係 (The relationship between the Department and the country)". 駐拉脫維亞代表處 Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
- ^ a b electricpulp.com. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS v. Diplomatic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
- ^ In April 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek abandoned his capital in Nanking, the Soviet ambassador - alone among the diplomatic corps - joined Chiang in his retreat to Canton (Guangzhou). Source: Eric Hobsbawm: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London 1994, p. 227.
- ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. ISBN 9781134100842 – via Google Books.
- ^ [1] Archived 2007-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [2] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Hibou, Béatrice (28 December 2016). Privatising the State. Hurst. ISBN 9781850656890 – via Google Books.
- ^ [3] Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Organization - Organization - Taipei Representative Office in Denmark 駐丹麥台北代表處". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
- ^ [4] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [5] Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [6] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [7] Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [8] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Introduction - Introduction - Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處". Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
- ^ [9] Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [10] Archived 2014-09-17 at archive.today
- ^ On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK closed the Nanjing embassy and established relations with the PRC on 17 June 1954. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The Tamsui consulate remained opened under the guise of the Taiwan Provincial Government. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and closed the ROC consulate in Tamsui. See Sino-British relations for further details.
- ^ [11] Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [12] Archived 2015-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [13] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [14] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [15] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [16] Archived 2015-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (1 May 1979). "Courage and fortitude - Taiwan Today". Taiwan Today.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ [17] Archived 2015-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Volume 24 (2006). 3 February 2020. ISBN 9789004424968.
- ^ Israel recognized the PRC on 8 January 1950 but the request was rejected at first by the PRC.
- ^ [18] Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Team, Internet. "About Us". Taipei Liaison Office in the RSA 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處.
- ^ On November 3, 2004, Republic of China and Vanuatu had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Vanuatu withdrew the agreement with the ROC on November 10, 2004.
- ^ "São Tomé e Príncipe corta relações com Taiwan". 20 December 2016.
Sources
- 中華民國與各國建交斷交大事紀 (in Chinese)