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Midnight Love

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For other uses, see Midnight Love (disambiguation).

Midnight Love
Studio album by
Marvin Gaye
ReleasedNovember 1, 1982 (1982-11-01)
RecordedOctober 1981 – August 1982
Studio
Genre
Length39:30
LabelColumbia
ProducerMarvin Gaye
Marvin Gaye chronology
In Our Lifetime
(1981) 		Midnight Love
(1982) 		Dream of a Lifetime
(1985)
Singles from Midnight Love
  1. "Sexual Healing"
    Released: October 1982
  2. "My Love Is Waiting"
    Released: December 1982 (UK)
  3. "'Til Tomorrow"
    Released: February 1983 (US)
  4. "Rockin' After Midnight"
    Released: 1983 (EU)
  5. "Joy"
    Released: March 1983 (UK)

Midnight Love is the seventeenth studio album by Marvin Gaye and the final album to be released during his lifetime. He signed with the label Columbia in March 1982 following his exit from Motown.

The disc was certified triple platinum in the United States. It was an immediate international success selling over six million records worldwide. It was nominated for a 1984 Grammy for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, spawning the two-time Grammy Award-winning hit "Sexual Healing". It was ranked number 37 on the Rolling Stone list of the best albums of the 1980s decade[1] and the NME named the album as its Album of the Year in 1982.[2]

Background

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In January 1981, Gaye's final Motown album, In Our Lifetime, was released on Motown's Tamla label. Gaye was angry over its release and Motown's edit of the album, comparing it to an unfinished Picasso painting and having others finish the painting for him.[3] Gaye vowed afterwards never to record for Motown again.[4][5] The following month, a Belgian concert promoter and a longtime fan of Gaye's music, Freddy Cousaert, visited a visibly shaken and depressed Gaye, who was struggling with drug addiction, in London, following the end of a European tour. Concerned for Gaye's health and state, Cousaert offered Gaye a place in his pension in Ostend. Gaye, who was traveling with his younger brother Frankie and then-girlfriend, Dutch model Eugenie Vis, agreed to go on the trip though he admitted to Frankie later that he did not know where Ostend was and that he "left that to the hands of God."[6]

Gaye arrived at Ostend on February 14, 1981. That same month, Gaye's second marriage to Janis Hunter ended in divorce. Gaye cut down on his drug use while in Ostend and began exercising and attending the local church. Gaye recovered well enough to begin talks of a musical comeback. Disappointed in the results of his last two albums and in his relationship with Motown, as well as disappointing fans during his oft-chaotic concert tours, Gaye, with Cousaert's help, began rehearsing a new band for the short Heavy Love Affair Tour, named after Gaye's song from the In Our Lifetime album in Ostend. Some of the rehearsal footage aired on the Belgian TV documentary, Transit Ostend. The tour took place mainly in London, Bristol and Manchester, England, before Gaye performed the final two dates in Ostend. Gaye ended the tour after the Ostend performances and remained in Ostend, along with two of his touring musicians, Gordon Banks and Odell Brown.

Within the final months of 1981, with word of Gaye plotting a musical comeback and an exit from Motown, several labels offered record deals. Gaye eventually accepted CBS Records, which in turn gave him a three-album contract with Columbia. Details of how much the singer was paid when Gaye signed on March 23, 1982, was not made public due to possible interference with Gaye's payment to creditors, which had prompted Gaye to settle in Europe permanently. It was later determined that it took $1.5 million (US$4,735,862 in 2023 dollars[7]) to buy Gaye's contract out of Motown, with an additional $600,000 advance money (US$1,894,345 in 2023 dollars[7]) awarded to the singer.[1] Gaye had begun recording his new album starting in December 1981 in Brussels before the deal was set. Figuring he had alienated record buyers and his legion of fans for writing interpersonal albums, Gaye sought to record more mainstream music to win them back. In explaining why he decided to go for the commercial sounds instead of looking inward as he had with his last album, In Our Lifetime, Gaye explained, "I'm worried that I'm getting so introspective, no one will listen. I can't afford to miss this time. I need a hit."[8] In regards to the album's music, Gaye told a reporter:

"On one level, it's a party record. It's a record you can dance to and even freak to. But if you listen closely and go beneath your surface, you'll hear my heart speaking. You'll hear my heart saying, 'It's time to put the madness behind and let love lead the way.' You'll hear me testify that I still believe in Jesus, I still believe in God's miraculous grace, I still believe that the Lord forgives even when—and especially when—we cannot forgive ourselves."[9]

Recording

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One of the first songs Gaye had worked on with musician Odell Brown was a reggae-influenced track that Gaye and Brown had recorded around October 1981. The then-Rolling Stone reviewer David Ritz had arrived to Belgium in April 1982 after he had been tipped off to where Gaye was. Despite Gaye's pleas to not meet up with Ritz, Ritz eventually located Gaye in his Ostend apartment not too far from Cousaert's pension where he and Gaye reluctantly continued their interviews that led to the book, Divided Soul.

According to Ritz, he had seen several S&M comic book type of books in Gaye's bookshelf. Said to have been disgusted with this, Ritz told Gaye "you need some sexual healing". Ritz then alleged Gaye told him to write a poem. However, this story was disputed by Gaye's friends, family members and fellow musicians. When Cousaert was told of this story, he denied Ritz ever having anything to do with the song except for its title.[10] Musicians Odell Brown and Gordon Banks also flatly denied Ritz's accounts, with Brown stating "I never met the guy. All I was told was that he was doing an interview for Rolling Stone."[11] Banks stated that what really happened is Gaye had told Ritz that he was intrigued by Amsterdam's Red Light District and Ritz had responded to it by stating Gaye needed sexual healing but "that was it. David didn't have anything to do with that."[12] Gaye's brother Frankie also stated that all Ritz said was "not only are you sexy but your music is healing" after Gaye played the track to him.[13]

Gaye and Gordon Banks then worked on seven of the album's other tracks. To help out, Columbia had sent Gaye and his musicians several instruments along with the Roland TR-808 drum machine and a Jupiter 8 synthesizer. Gaye and Banks mainly contributed to the production, with Harvey Fuqua adding to the production by adding horn sections.[12] In regards to the recording development of the album Gordon Banks stated:

It was basically him and I in the studio. Columbia Records gave him some new toys to play with. They gave him two drum machines, a synthesizer called a Roland TR-808 and a Jupiter 8. Marvin didn't know too much about technology so it was my job to figure out how to get the stuff working. He kind of liked the sounds that came from it and he went from there. Marvin was a great pianist. After getting past the challenges with the Jupiter 8, it was like he had been playing it his whole life.[14]

The funk song, "Rockin' After Midnight", actually came by from the mixing of two songs.[12] "My Love Is Waiting", the sole Gordon Banks composition, was recorded much like the demo.[12] Around April 1982, Gaye presented a rough demo of "Sexual Healing" to Columbia executive Larkin Arnold, who was as pleased with the song as Marvin had been.[15] The album took more than nine months to be completed, and was mixed and edited in several studios in Belgium, Germany and the United States, particularly in California.[16] Arnold explained that the production was costly and that Gaye's months in production were sporadic at best.[1] According to Curtis Shaw, Gaye's lawyer, the cost of recording the album was $1.5 million (US$4,735,862 in 2023 dollars[7]), though Arnold put it at "closer to $2 million" (US$6,314,483 in 2023 dollars[7]).[1]

Composition

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"Sexual Healing"
Marvin Gaye's "Sexual Healing" from Midnight Love
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Midnight Love contains elements of funk, boogie, Caribbean music, reggae, new wave and synthpop, as well as older genres such as soul, R&B and doo-wop. The reason for these many genres was because, according to Banks, Gaye's music was "progressing" and that it was "changing and it had to change because he didn't want any more ties to Motown".[12] As Larkin Arnold later explained, "Marvin had been living in Europe, and was influenced by both reggae and the synthesizer work of groups like Kraftwerk" and that he "took the rhythm of reggae, the new technology and American soul and came up with something fresh and unique".[1]

"Midnight Lady" starts off with assorted percussion, provided by Gaye and other musicians, before its beat is delivered by a drum machine and overdubbed handclaps provided by the singer, followed by keyboard riffs (also played by Gaye), guitar lines by Banks and a horn section. It is almost two minutes before Gaye began singing the song's first lines. Musically the song has elements of funk, new wave and synthpop; Gaye's vocals were also influenced by the vocal styling in new wave records. The demo of this recording was listed as "Clique Games/Rick James".[17] "Sexual Healing" was influenced by Caribbean music and reggae while also including funk elements musically; vocally the song recalls Gaye's gospel background while his background harmonies (which included Fuqua and Banks as co-backing vocalists) took influence from doo-wop. "Rockin' After Midnight" was also influenced by funk as well as boogie music while "'Til Tomorrow", the sole ballad in the album, was strongly influenced by doo-wop.

The original version of "Turn On Some Music", titled as "I've Got My Music", included some spiritual and autobiographical lyrics, that changed to sexually erotic ones.[8] In addition to the original demo, another alternate version mixed both versions. The reggae-inspired "Third World Girl" is a tribute to Bob Marley, though Gaye refused to mention Marley by name on the track, explaining, "I won't exploit a leader to make a commercial song".[18] The gospel-influenced "Joy" is a tribute to his father's ministry and his own religious background.[18] The song also includes a rock-influenced guitar solo from Banks. "My Love Is Waiting" has elements of funk, synthpop and gospel music, as evident to Gaye's final words in his thank you calls, "we like to thank our Heavenly Father, Jesus!" The entire album's length is under just 40 minutes.[18]

A controversial outtake from the album sessions, "Sanctified Lady" was originally planned and expected by the singer to become a follow-up to the success of Sexual Healing.[19][20] Another controversial outtake is a song titled "Masochistic Beauty". Originally incomplete during the times of the album's release and Gaye's death, both songs were later completed by Gordon Banks and released on the posthumous Dream of a Lifetime compilation.[21][22][23][24]

Critical reception

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[25]
Christgau's Record Guide: The '80sA−[26]
MusicHound R&B[27]
Rolling Stone[28]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[29]
Tom Hull – on the WebA[30]
The Village VoiceA[31]

In his review of Midnight Love, Rolling Stone reviewer Dave Marsh called the album in terms of it being viewed as a comeback as "remarkably arrogant", stating "it simply picks up from 1973's Let's Get It On as if only ten minutes had elapsed since Gaye hit his commercial peak", though he did state the album was a successful comeback.[28] After its rank on the magazine's list of best eighties albums, the album was described as "an inspired, mature work from one of the greatest soul singers, and is certainly one of the best solo albums of the eighties."[1]

Village Voice critic Robert Christgau explained that the album's "concentration on the carnal is one reason it's his best ever".[26] Mike Freedberg of The Boston Phoenix said "There's not a trace of old Motown in the best of Midnight Love, and more's the power."[32] In its Picks and Pans Reviews, People cited "too long gone, the Soulful One shows he can still sizzle".[33] At the 1984 Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for a Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Grammy, losing out to Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean". "Sexual Healing" won two Grammys the previous year, the only two Gaye won in his lifetime.

Midnight Love was voted the eighth best album of 1982 in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll.[34] A similar placement was ranked on the Netherlands' Oorlijsten.[citation needed] The UK's NME listed it at number-one on its list.[35] Since then, much like Gaye's previous albums, it has been listed on best-of lists, ranking at number 37 on the United States and Australia Rolling Stone list of top eighties albums.[citation needed] The UK magazine Melody Maker listed it as one of the significant albums to be released between 1982 and 1985. Gary Mulholland listed it as one of the "261 Greatest Albums Since Punk and Disco" in 2006.

Commercial performance

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Midnight Love was released to record retail stores on November 1, 1982.[36] In response to "Sexual Healing", the album was bought out in droves. By that December, the album had already hit #1 on the Top Black Albums chart and the Top 10 of the Pop albums chart, making it Gaye's eighth album to accomplish this. "Sexual Healing" crossed over to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. By the end of 1982, it had already sold over a million copies.

Upon Gaye's return to the United States, Gaye attended a party in celebration of the album's accomplishment with a new polished look, reuniting with his ex- Anna Gordy Gaye and their son, Marvin III. Worldwide, the album also performed extremely well, hitting #1 in Canada and #7 in the United Kingdom. The album's biggest hit single, "Sexual Healing", sold over two million US copies and earned an RIAA Platinum certification. It hit the top of the charts in several countries and stayed at #1 on the Top Black Singles chart for ten consecutive weeks, making it the most successful R&B single of the 1980s.

Impact

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The album made an impact on future R&B recordings. The Isley Brothers, who released their album, Between the Sheets, in April 1983, took the same musical approach of Midnight Love and added it to their album.[12] Gordon Banks stated the album "influenced a lot of people doing a mellow thing with a funk vibe in it".[12] Because the album was also among the first pop albums to use a Roland TR-808, the style would be copied by other artists of similar genres in the years to come.[37] In the wake of its success, "Sexual Healing" became one of Gaye's most covered songs as well as being sampled by several artists in the hip-hop and R&B genres. The demo version of "Turn On Some Music" was sampled for Erick Sermon's hit, "Music", giving full credit to Gaye as a leading vocalist, giving Gaye a posthumous top 40 hit in 2001, 17 years after his death. In 1998, Sony Music re-released the album as a two-CD "Legacy" edition set titled Midnight Love and the Sexual Healing Sessions. The same edition would be re-released in 2007, to celebrate the album's 25th anniversary since its release.

Track listing

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Original release

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All tracks composed by Marvin Gaye, except where noted.

Side one
No.TitleMusicLength
1."Midnight Lady" 5:17
2."Sexual Healing"Odell Brown, Gaye, David Ritz4:05
3."Rockin' After Midnight" 6:04
4."'Til Tomorrow" 4:57
Side two
No.TitleMusicLength
1."Turn On Some Music" 5:08
2."Third World Girl" 4:36
3."Joy" 4:22
4."My Love Is Waiting"Gordon Banks5:07
2000 CD reissue bonus track
No.TitleLength
9."Rockin' After Midnight" (Instrumental)7:00

The Sexual Healing Sessions

[edit]
1998 CD reissue bonus disc (The Sexual Healing Sessions)
No.TitleLength
1."Clique Games/Rick James" (Original version of "Midnight Lady")5:38
2."Sexual Healing" (Alternate 12-inch instrumental)4:38
3."Sexual Healing" (Acappella)4:39
4."Sexual Healing" (Alternate vocal/mix)4:49
5."I Bet You Wonder" (Original version of "Rockin' After Midnight")6:42
6."Rockin' After Midnight" (Instrumental)7:00
7."Baby, Baby, Baby" (Acappella)6:54
8."I've Got My Music" (Acappella)5:33
9."Turn On Some Music" (Alternate vocal/mix)5:16
10."Third World Girl" (Original reggae version)8:00
11."Third World Girl" (Alternate Vocal/mix)6:34
12."My Love Is Waiting" (Alternate vocal/mix)5:15
13."Marvin's Message to the CBS Records Staff"1:01
14."Sexual Healing" (Rehearsal Tape Courtesy of David Ritz)2:14
  • Like the 2000 CD reissue of the album, the 2002 Super Audio CD (SACD) reissue includes an instrumental version of "Rockin' After Midnight" as a bonus track. However, the latter release notes that the version present on the 2000 reissue, referred to as the "Instrumental Stereo Mix", is distinct from the version on the 2002 reissue, which was newly mixed in 5.1 surround sound for said release by engineer and producer Jimmy Douglass.[38]

Personnel

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  • Marvin Gaye – vocals, Fender Rhodes piano, Roland Jupiter-8 synthesizer, organ, drums, TR-808 drum machine,Synclavier II, Yamaha CS-80 ,drum programming, bells, glockenspiel, vibraphone, finger cymbals, bongos, congas, cabasas
  • Gordon Banks – guitar, bass, backing vocals, drums, Fender Rhodes piano
  • James Gadson – drums on "Midnight Lady"
  • Andy Richards - Synclavier programming.
  • Bobby Stern – tenor saxophone, harmonica
  • Joel Peskin – alto and tenor saxophone
  • Harvey Fuqua – backing vocals on "Sexual Healing", editing, mixing, production advisor
  • David Stout and The L.A. Horn Section – horns
  • Curt Sletten – trumpet
  • Harry Kim – trumpet
  • Alan Kaplan – trombone
  • McKinley T. Jackson – horn arrangement

Technical

  • Larkin Arnold – executive producer
  • Mike Butcher – engineer, mixing
  • Brian Gardner, Alan Zentz – mastering
  • John Kovarek – engineer
  • Henri Van Durme – engineer

Charts

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Certifications

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Certifications for Midnight Love
Region Certification Certified units/sales
France (SNEP)[51] Gold 100,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[52] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[53] 3× Platinum 3,000,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "100 Best Albums of the Eighties: Marvin Gaye, Midnight Love". RollingStone.com. November 16, 1989. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  2. ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year". NME. 2016. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  3. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 280–281.
  4. ^ Ritz 1991, p. 281.
  5. ^ Des Barres 1996, p. 114.
  6. ^ Gaye 2003, p. 132.
  7. ^ a b c d 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  8. ^ a b Ritz 2007, p. 11.
  9. ^ "Isn't It Funny How Things Turn Around - After the Dance: My Life with Marvin Gaye - Jan Gaye".
  10. ^ Humo 1994.
  11. ^ Marvin Gaye: Behind the Legend, 2006
  12. ^ a b c d e f g "'The Man Was a Genius': Tales from Making Marvin Gaye's Final Album". The Atlantic. October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  13. ^ Gaye 2003, p. 144.
  14. ^ "'The Man Was a Genius': Tales from Making Marvin Gaye's Final Album". The Atlantic. October 2012.
  15. ^ Ritz 2007, p. 12.
  16. ^ Midnight Love liner notes, p. 11 (2001)
  17. ^ Ritz 2007, p. 13.
  18. ^ a b c Ritz 2007, p. 15.
  19. ^ "Jheri Curl Fridays 41: "Sanctified Lady"". April 27, 2012.
  20. ^ "The End - After the Dance: My Life with Marvin Gaye - Jan Gaye".
  21. ^ Seidenberg, Robert (July 4, 1985). "Dream Of A Lifetime". Rolling Stone.
  22. ^ critic, Lynn Van Matre, Pop music (April 28, 1985). "How Sweet It Wasn't: The Tortured Life and 'Divided Soul' of Marvin Gaye". chicagotribune.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Pareles, Jon (May 12, 1985). "For Marvin Gaye, Life - Through Song - Goes On". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Stone, James Henke, Rolling (May 31, 1985). "Gaye Album a Mishmash; Queen Sound Is Back". Sun-Sentinel.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Allmusic review
  26. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (1990). "G". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-679-73015-X. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  27. ^ Graff, Gary; du Lac, Josh Freedom; McFarlin, Jim, eds. (1998). "Marvin Gaye". MusicHound R&B: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578590264.
  28. ^ a b "Midnight Love – Album Reviews". RollingStone.com. January 20, 1983. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  29. ^ DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James; George-Warren, Holly, eds. (1992). "Marvin Gaye". The Rolling Stone Album Guide (3rd ed.). Random House. ISBN 0-679-73729-4.
  30. ^ Hull, Tom (n.d.). "Grade List: Marvin Gaye". Tom Hull – on the Web. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  31. ^ Christgau, Robert (November 30, 1982). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  32. ^ Freedberg, Mike (November 23, 1982). "Le Gaye savoir - Expatriate soul: Marvin after Motown". The Boston Phoenix. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  33. ^ "Picks and Pans Review: Midnight Love". People.com. December 18, 1982. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  34. ^ Christgau, Robert (February 22, 1983). "Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome". The Village Voice. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  35. ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year". NME. 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  36. ^ Billboard November 13, 1982, page 3
  37. ^ "Slaves to the rhythm". CBC News. November 28, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
  38. ^ Gaye, Marvin (artist) (2002). Midnight Love (Super Audio CD liner notes). Sony Music Entertainment. 498169 6.
  39. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  40. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 6200a". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  41. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  42. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  43. ^ "Charts.nz – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  44. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  45. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  46. ^ "Marvin Gaye Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  47. ^ "Marvin Gaye Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  48. ^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. 1983. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  49. ^ "Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 1983". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  50. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 1983". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  51. ^ "French album certifications – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love" (in French). InfoDisc. Select MARVIN GAYE and click OK. 
  52. ^ "British album certifications – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love". British Phonographic Industry.
  53. ^ "American album certifications – Marvin Gaye – Midnight Love". Recording Industry Association of America.

Sources

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