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Type 99 light machine gun

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 146.88.42.172 (talk) at 02:05, 15 August 2016 (→History and development: Certain things not clear from the syntax. The number "99" looks a lot like "96" when reading rapidly. I polished up the wording, transitions, clarified which gun was which and "why". Ammo data from relevant WIKI ammo pages). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Type 99 light machine gun
Type 99 light machine gun
TypeLight machine gun
Place of origin Japan
Service history
In service1939–1945
Used by Imperial Japanese Army
WarsSecond Sino-Japanese War,
World War II,
Indonesian National Revolution,
Korean War,
Hukbalahap Rebellion,
Chinese Civil War,
Vietnam War
Production history
DesignerKijiro Nambu
Designed1939
Produced1939–1945
No. built53,000
Specifications
Mass10.4 kg (23 lbs)
Length1181 mm (46.5 in)
Barrel length550 mm (21.7 in)
Cartridge7.7×58mm Arisaka
ActionGas-operated
Rate of fire700 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity730 m/s (2,400 ft/s)
Feed system30 round detachable box magazine

The Type 99 light machine gun (九九式軽機関銃, Kyūkyū-shiki Kei-kikanjū) was a light machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.[1]

History and development

The Japanese Army was using the Type 96 light machine gun, an improvement over the previous Type 11 light machine gun. The Type 96 had been introduced into combat service in 1936, and quickly proved to be a versatile weapon to provide covering fire for advancing infantry.[2] Both the earlier Type 11 and current Type 96 light machine guns used the same 6.5x50mmSR Arisaka cartridges as the Type 38 infantry rifle.[3] Using similar ammunition in both guns simplified supply and had the added advantage that any squad member could supply ammunition for the light machine gun, or vice versa.

However, in 1939 the Japanese army was in the process of switching to a larger and more powerful 7.7 mm cartridge which also had no rim, which improved cartridge handling. This more powerful cartridge: 3,136 J energy, compared to the earlier 6.5x50mmSR Arisaka cartridge: 1,966 J energy, required a firearm that had more steel, bigger springs and a heavier bolt to handle the extra forces involved. This required a switch from the Type 38 rifle to the Type 99 Rifle which could handle the more powerful round. Similarly, it was necessary to develop a new version of the reliable Type 96 light machine gun that would also be able to use this new larger caliber; thus the advantages of common ammunition between riflemen and machine gunners could continue. The Type 99 light machine gun was produced at Kokura, Nagoya Arsenal and Mukden with a total production of about 53,000 weapons.[4]

Design

The Type 99 was basically the same design as the Type 96 light machine gun, and had a number of parts in common. However, it dispensed with the oiler and had better primary extraction, increasing reliability over its predecessors. Early models had a mono-pod at the stock and a flash suppressor on the muzzle, which was screwed onto a threaded portion of the gun barrel.[3] A top-mounted curved detachable box magazine held 30 rounds, and the finned gun barrel could be rapidly changed to avoid overheating.

The Type 99 had a blade front sight and a leaf rear sight, with graduations from 200 to 1,500 meters, with a wind adjustment. A 2.5X telescopic sight with a 10 degree field of view could be attached at the right side of the gun.[3] These were often issued to the best marksmen of the unit and occasionally employed like a sniper rifle. A standard infantry bayonet could be attached to the gas block below the barrel, but on the battlefield this feature proved inconsequential due to the weight of the gun and the fact that the blade was largely obstructed by the flash hider when it was fixed on the muzzle.[5]

Combat record

The Type 99 came into active service in 1939, and was used side-by-side with the older Type 11 and Type 96, as these models had been produced in large quantities and many front line troops continued to use the Type 38 rifles with their 6.5 mm ammunition. All three weapons remained in service until the end of the war.[6]

Variants

A limited production version of the Type 99 was produced for paratroopers. It had a detachable stock and a forward-folding pistol grip. For deployment, the barrel and butt were detached from the gun, the pistol grip and bipod folded, and the entire set packed into a carrying bag.[5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bishop, The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
  2. ^ Meyer, The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. pg.53
  3. ^ a b c [1] TM-E 30-480 (1945)
  4. ^ [2] JapaneseWeapons.net
  5. ^ a b [3] Modern Firearms
  6. ^ Morse, Japanese Small Arms of WW2; Light Machine Guns Models 11, 96, 99 97 & 92

References

  • Bishop, Chris (eds) (1998). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Nobel. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  • Mayer, S.L. (1984). The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. The Military Press. ISBN 0-517-42313-8.
  • Morse, D.R. (1996). Japanese Small Arms of WW2; Light Machine Guns Models 11, 96, 99 97 & 92. Firing Pin Enterprizes. ASIN: B000KFVGSU.
  • Popenker, Maxim (2008). Machine Gun: The Development of the Machine Gun from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day. Crowood. ISBN 1-84797-030-3.
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). Japanese Infantryman 1937-1945. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-818-9.
  • US Department of War (1994). Handbook on Japanese Military Forces, TM-E 30-480 (1945) (reprint ed.). Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-2013-8.
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