User:JMiall/Exobourgo

Coordinates: 37°34′38″N 25°10′3″E / 37.57722°N 25.16750°E / 37.57722; 25.16750
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Exobourgo
Exomburgo, Exombourgo, Exomvourgo,Xobourgho
Exobourgo in 2005
Highest point
Elevation641 m[1]
Coordinates37°34′38″N 25°10′3″E / 37.57722°N 25.16750°E / 37.57722; 25.16750[2]
Geography
Exobourgo is located in Greece
Exobourgo
Exobourgo
Location within Greece
LocationTinos

Exobourgo is a mountain on the island of Tinos. It has a rugged appearance, unlike the other mountains in the Cyclades[3] and is the site of a ruined Venetian fortress and town.

Exobourgo is not the highest mountain on the island, this is Tsiknias, but is in a central location ringed by a large number of small villages such as Tripotamos and Falatados and can be climbed from several of these. The walk up from Iera Kardia Iisou takes around 20 minutes.

History[edit]

Remains dating from the copper age have been found near Exobourgos[4] and geometric period and 5-6th century BC have been found at archaelogical excavations at mountain's southern foot[5] including a temple of Demeter[6] An Ionian town dating from 1100BC is sited close to Exobourgos.[4]

Fortress and town[edit]

Illustration of the citadel on Tinos by Olfert Dapper in 1703

The mountain was the site of a fortress and the administrative centre of the island from 1207 when the island, Andros, Skiathos, Skopelos and Skyros became a fiefdom of the the Venetian Gizi (also Ghisi & Gyzis) brothers following the partition of the Byzantine Empire after the fall of Constantinople during the fourth crusade.[7]

In 1390, after the death of Batholomew III the last heir of the Gizis[8]1, the Venetians Republic assumed direct control and further fortified the mountain.[9] The island fell to Hayreddin Barbarossa in 1537 but was recaptured by the Venetians in 1538.[8] In 1570 a force of 8,000 Ottoman troops and several cannons beseiged the mountain but were successfully repulsed. Further failed attempts to capture the fortress were made in 1655, 1658, 1661, and 1684[7] The Venetians remained in charge until 1715 when, after the rest of the Cyclades had long since fallen to the Turks, it was besieged by a Turkish force of 65 warships and 74 transports carrying 25,000 soldiers. Despite the fortress seeming secure against the invaders the commander of the fortress negotiated terms and surrendered. The commander and his officers were accused of "treason after bribery" and sentenced to death by swallowing liquid silver,[10] Bernardo Balbi, governor of the island, was transferred to Venice and sentenced to life imprisonment for cowardice. The Ottomans almost completely dismantled the fortress and the town inside it but did not rule over the island.[7]

The town on the mountain was previously known as Tinos (Tine or Tino to the Venetians) with the current town of Tinos previously known as S. Nicolò.[7] The name Exobourgo derives from the Greek exo apo to bourgo meaning 'outside the burg'[11]

Map of the island of Tinos created in 1597 by the Venetian Giacomo (Jacomo) Franco showing the citadel

Sacred Heart of Jesus[edit]

The church of Iera Kardia Iisou (Sacred Heart of Jesus) is on the slopes of the mountain, it is now a Catholic monastery. The church has a complicated history: originally the Cathedral of Saint Sofia stood within the walls of the fortress but after its destruction the Jesuit monks moved into a small church outside the walls and began to build a larger church next door. This was finished in 1725 and also dedicated to Saint Sofia. The Jesuits later left the church and it fell into disrepair. In 1895 the church was restored and renamed the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Today the church is a site of pilgrimage and hosts visitors from around the world.[12][8]

Notes[edit]

1.^ Another reference states this was after the death of George III[13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "TINOS ISLAND: THE OFFICIAL TRAVEL GUIDE - MUNICIPALITY OF TINOS". tinos.gr. 2009 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. At the central part stands out the historical steep rock of Exombourgo with 641 m altitude {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  2. ^ http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=37.5754865&lon=25.1668923&z=16&l=0&m=b&v=8&show=/14322991/Exomvourgo
  3. ^ "Tinos Greece Tinos Greece". dodekanissaweb.gr. 2012 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Νήσος Τήνος". hellas.teipir.gr. 2004 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  5. ^ "Exobourgo: Information". tinos-tinos.com. 2012 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  6. ^ [author missing] (2012 [last update]). "odyssey: Travel/Tinos, Isle of Miracles". odyssey.gr. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c d [author missing] (2012 [last update]). "Tino". romeartlover.tripod.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ a b c "SOME IMPORTANT DATES IN THE HISTORY OF THE CASTLE AND THE PILGRIMAGE". catholic.gr. 2008 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  9. ^ "Tinos". all4yachting.com. 2012 [last update]. Retrieved 24 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  10. ^ "TINOS ISLAND: THE OFFICIAL TRAVEL GUIDE - MUNICIPALITY OF TINOS". tinos.gr. 2009 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  11. ^ "odyssey: Travel/Tinos, Isle of Miracles". odyssey.gr. 2012 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  12. ^ "TinosIsland.com :: Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ". tinosisland.gr. 2008 [last update]. Retrieved 21 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  13. ^ [author missing] (2012 [last update]). "Aegean Islands". web.raex.com. Retrieved 24 October 2012. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Category:Mountains_of_Greece Category:Venetian archaeological sites in Greece Category:Former fortresses

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