Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale

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This article is about the film. For the album, see Seediq Bale (album).
Seediq Bale
Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale
File:Seediq Bale Poster.jpg
The English theatrical poster of Seediq Bale
Directed byWei Te-Sheng
Written byWei Te-Sheng
Produced byJohn Woo
Jimmy Huang
StarringUmin Boya
Masanobu Ando
Landy Wen
Irene Luo
Vivian Hsu
CinematographyChin Ting-Chang
Music byRicky Ho
Distributed byThe ARS Film Production
VIE VISION PICTURES
Fortissimo Films
Huaxia Film Distribution Company (China)
Release dates
Part 1:
  • September 9, 2011 (2011-09-09)
Part 2:
  • September 30, 2011 (2011-09-30) (Taiwan)
Part 1:
  • November 17, 2011 (2011-11-17)
Part 2:
  • December 1, 2011 (2011-12-01) (Hong Kong)
Single version:
  • April 14, 2012 (2012-04-14) (United Kingdom)
  • April 27, 2012 (2012-04-27) (United States)
  • May 10, 2012 (2012-05-10) (China)
Running time
Part 1: 144 minutes
Part 2: 132 minutes
Both: 276 minutes
Single version: 150 minutes
CountryTaiwan
LanguagesSeediq, Japanese, Taiwanese Hokkien, Mandarin Chinese
BudgetNT$ 700 - 750 million
(US$ 23 - 25 million)[1][2]
Box officeTaiwan:
NT$ 900 million
(US$ 30 million)
Hong Kong:
Pronunciation of "Seediq Bale"

Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale (Chinese: zh-tw:賽德克·巴萊; pinyin: Sàidékè Balái, Seediq: Seediq Baleⓘ, literally, Real Seediq or Real Men) is a 2011 Taiwanese historical drama epic film directed by Wei Te-Sheng and produced by John Woo, based on Wushe Incident in central Taiwan in 1930.

The film is divided into two parts - the full versions in Taiwan, the part 1 is called "太陽旗" (The Flag of Sun), and the part 2 is called "彩虹橋" (The Bridge of Rainbow), both running at a total of up to four and half hours.

The film was shown in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival and was selected as a contender for nomination for the 84th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film in 2011[3][4][5] and was one of nine films shortlisted to advance to the next round of voting for nomination.[6] But the original two parts are combined into the single international cut version; its running time is two-and-half hours.

The film is the most expensive production in Taiwanese cinema history. The film has also been compared to the 1995 film Braveheart by Mel Gibson and The Last of the Mohicans by the media in Taiwan.[7][8]

Plot

The film Seediq Bale depicts the Wushe Incident, which occurred near Cilai Mountain of Taiwan under Japanese rule. Mona Rudao, a chief of Mahebu village of Seediq people, led warriors fighting against the Japanese.

Part I

The film begins with a hunt by a mountain river in Taiwan. Two Bunun men are hunting a boar, but they are attacked by a group led by young Mona Rudao of Seediq people. Mona Rudao invades the territory, kills one of them and takes away the boar.

In 1895, Treaty of Shimonoseki is signed between China and Japan, and Taiwan is ceded to Japan. Japanese invasion of Taiwan ends with Japan defeating Han Chinese resistance. Japanese military officials see the natives as an obstacle to the resources of Taiwan, and Mona Rudao and his father, Rudao Luhe, see Japanese as invaders. Mona Rudao and Rudao Luhe attack Japanese soldiers and feud with Temu Walis, a Seediq young man from Toda group. The Japanese collaborate with a group of Bunun to get Mona Rudao's men drunk and ambush them when they are asleep. After battles, eventually Mona Rudao's village Mahebu is under the control of the Japanese.

Since then, some 20 years have passed. Mahebu village is forced to bury the heads of the killed enemies they have collected. Men are subject to low-wage heavy labor and kept from traditional animal and human hunting; whereas women work in houses of the Japanese and give up the traditional weaving work; and children including the boy Pawan Nawi attend school in Wushe village. Above all, they are forbidden to tattoo their faces. The tattoo is believed to be the requirement for Seediq people to "go to the other side across the Rainbow Bridge" after death. There are also young people who adopt Japanese names, education and life style and attempt to work and live among Japanese.

In late autumn of 1930, the tribe of Mona Rudao holds a wedding for a young couple. Mona Rudao goes hunting for the wedding and quarrels for hunting ground with Temu Walis, who is hunting with Japanese policeman Kojima Genji and his son. At the wedding, Yohsimura, a newly appointed and nervous Japanese policeman, inspects the village. Mona Rudao's first son, Tado Mona, offers to share his homebrewed Millet wine with Yoshimura, but Yoshimura considers the beer unsanitary as it is fermented with saliva. Tado Mona's hands are also covered in blood from the animal he has just slaughtered. A fight with Tado Mona and his brother Baso Mona ensues. The fight is stopped, but Yoshimura fears for his life and threatens to punish the whole village. Young men see the punishment unacceptable and urge Mona Rudao to start war with the Japanese. Mona Rudao tells them that it is impossible to win. But Mona Rudao also sees the war as necessary and decides to fight.

In a few days Mona Rudao pursuades the neighboring villages. They schedule to attack the Japanese on October 27, when Japanese will attend an athletic competition (in memory of Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa) and gather on the schoolyard of the Wushe Village. The women, including Mona Rudao's first daughter, Mahung Mona, know the men are planning for a war and are sad.

Dakis Nomin, a young man who adopted the Japanese name Hanaoka Ichiro and became a police officer, notices that Mona Rudao is preparing for war. He comes to a waterfall and tries to persuade Mona Rudao not to start the war, instead Mona Rudao persuades him to collaborate. After Dakis Nomin leaves, Mona Rudao sings with the ghost of Rudao Luhe and determines to start the war.

On October 27 the attack takes place as scheduled. All Japanese men, women and children are killed. Pawan Nawi and other boys kill their Japanese teacher and his family. Takayama Hatsuko, a woman who has adopted a Japanese name and wears Japanese clothes, survives by hiding in a storage room. Seediq people attack a police station and take the guns. One Japanese police officer escapes and tells the outside world about the attack. The film ends with Mona Rudao sitting in the schoolyard which is full of bodies.

Part II

The second film follows the attack on the school. The colonial government sees the uprising as a major crisis, and sends Major General Kamada Yahiko leading 3000 police and soldiers to fight the 300 men of Mona Rudao. The Japanese use machine guns, airplanes and the illegal poison gas, but cannot win the battles in the mountains.

Mona Rudao's people retreat to caves, and the women commit suicide to conserve food resources for the warriors. Caught in ambivalence, Dakis Nomin and his relatives commit suicide. Kojima Genji, a policeman who once was friendly toward the natives, is enraged when his family is killed in the school attack. He sets bounty on men, women and children in Mona Rudao's village, and orders Temu Walis and his men to fight Mona Rudao. Temu Walis is ambivalent, and claims that he fights for his own sake not for Kojima. Temu Walis and his men kill many, and are ambushed and killed in a river.

Mona Rudao and his men continue to fight. When Mona Rudao sees the fight is near the end, he gives leadership to his son, and returns to the cave, kills his family and disappears. Some people of the village surrender and survive. The war ends, and even Kamada is impressed by his enemy's spirit. Mona Rudao is missing and his bones are found four years later. The film ends with a scene of Mona Rudao and his people following the Seediq legend across the rainbow bridge.

Cast

  • Lin Ching-Tai as Mona Rudao: Mona Rudao is the protagonist. The character deviates from the real historical figure significantly. The character is described as a calm, authoritative and mature Seediq Tgdaya village chief of Mahebu. He has lived under Japanese rule for 30 years and has seen Japan's force, still he starts the unwinnable rebellion against the loss of the culture. In history, Mona Rudao did not participate some battles described in the film, and had allegedly cooperated with the Japanese against other native villages. Lin Ching-Tai is a 51 years old Presbyterian priest from Nan-ao, Yilan. Lin is of Atayal origin. Lin is not a professional actor, nor does he speak Seediq or Japanese language.
  • Da Ching as Mona Rudao (young): The younger Mona Rudao is described as a tall, athletic and aggressive man. Da Ching is a 34 years old male model of Atayal origin.
  • Umin Boya as Temu Walis: Temu Walis is described as a life-long enemy of Mona Rudao, and he is forced to cooperate with Japanese. The character is a combination of several historical figures from a family of Seediq Toda people. Umin Boya, also known as Ma Chih-Hsiang, is an TV actor with Seediq origin from Yu Li, Hualien. Ma has starred in several series by Taiwan Public Television Service, including the role of Dakis Nomin in the period drama Danu Sakura.
  • Masanobu Ando as Kojima Genji: Kojima is a Japanese police who is once friendly toward the natives and tries to learn the language, but he becomes hostile after his family is killed by the natives. Historically, Kojima is responsible for the massacres of the natives who survived the war. Masanobu Ando is a Japanese actor who has played the murderous transferred student in Battle Royale before.
  • Landy Wen as Mahung Mona: Mahung Mona is a daughter of Mona Rudao and a mother of two. She carries her children and survive the war. In history and allegations, she was sent by Japanese to persuade Mona Rudao to surrender and witnessed his suicide. Landy Wen is a popular singer of Atayal origin from Chian-shih (Jianshi, Hsinchu).
  • Hsu Yi-fan as Dakis Nomin: Dakis Nomin, or Hanaoka Ichiro, is a Seediq Tgadaya man who adopts Japanese education and name, and works as a policeman. Historically, the man did not participate the October 27 attack. Later he and his relatives committed suicide, and the suicide was widely reported by the colonial media. Hsu Yi-fan is a stage and TV actor of Truku origin from Hualien.
  • Irene Luo as Kawano Hanako: Kawano Hanako, or Obing Nawi, is a Seediq Tgadaya woman who also adopts Japanese education, name, and work. She is from Dakis Nomin's village, and knows him since childhood, becomes his wife, and commits suicide with him. Luo is a singer and actress with Atayal origin from Jianshi, Hsinchu.
  • Vivian Hsu as Takayama Hatsuko: Takayama Hatsuko, or Obing Tadao, is a cousin of Kawano Hanako, and they share a similar background. In history the woman survived the war and the two massacres after the war. Hsu is a singer and actor with Atayal origin, and has a career in Japan.
  • Chie Tanaka as Kojima's wife: The woman and her children are killed in October 27 attack. Tanaka is a Japanese actress who collaborated with Wei Te-sheng before in Cape No. 7.
  • Ma Ju-lung: A Han Chinese owner of a shop off the mountains. Ma Ju-lung is a actor of earlier Taiwanese films, and collaborated with Wei Te-sheng before in Cape No. 7.

Production

Development

According to an interview, Wei's idea to make Seediq Bale began in 1996, when he watched a news story about an aboriginal group protesting. The group was from Hualien and came to Taipei to demand lands to be returned from the government. Wei then saw the next story questioning whether the sovereignty over Hong Kong should return to China or Republic of China in 1997. Wei found this ironic, and the next day he went to a bookstore to read about aborigines. There he found Qiu Ruolong's comic book on the Wushe Incident. Wei became interested in chief Mona Rudao and why he launched the war. From 1997 to 1999, Wei wrote and revised a screenplay, and looked up historical background.[9][10]

In 2000 Wei finished the screenplay, which won the Excellent Film Screenplay award from Government Information Office (GIO). In 2003, Wei raised NTD 2.5 million, which he used to shoot a five-minute demonstration film. The film was sounded by Tu Duu-chih, edited by Bowen Chen (both are awards winning filmmakers, and both later also worked on the complete film). The short was starred by actor Liao Chin-sheng (廖金生), actress Tseng Yu-chun (曾玉春) and others. The film was screened on November 24, 2003, and the goal was to raise USD 7 million (about NTD 250 million). Wei said that he had taken a one minute version to Busan International Film Festival and impressed people from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[11][2][12][13] (In 2008 Wei said his wife supported his decision to spend 2 million on the short film when the crew was against him)[14]

The screening failed to raise money. In February, 2004, Wei told a reporter that a friend had put the short film on Internet, which attracted supports. Wei insisted his budget to be NTD 200 million, and said that he began to accept small donations. Wei also promised that if the film is made, the income will be shared with all donors, and that the share is in proportion to the donation. However Wei also said that if the film is not made, the donation will not be returned and will be given to aboriginal groups. Wei said the plan is endorsed and supervised by bank and film critic Wen Tien-Hsiang (聞天祥).[15][16]

According to an interview in 2008, director Chen Kuo-fu told Wei that in order to earn investors' trust, Wei should make another film first. So Wei turned to make Cape No. 7. In Cape No. 7 Wei chose non-famous actors, a story with multiple lines, and colonial period references to demonstrate the feasibility of these three elements.[13]

In 2008, the success of Cape No. 7 brought Wei money and fame, and Wei restarted promotion and fund raise for Seediq Bale. But fund raise for Seediq Bale was still difficult. In 2009, Wei suggested the difficulty is that though the success of Cape No. 7 attracted investors who are new to the filmmaking business, they were not comfortable with uncertainty involved.[10] In 2011 Wei looked back and said: "I quickly realized that potential investors were looking more for Cape No. 8 than Seediq Bale." The investors were skeptical of the subject of Seediq Bale, and doubted if the success of Cape No. 7 can be repeated.[2]

Teng Sue-feng in a report in February 2009 suggested that the budget of the film is "NTD 330 million", and that "Wei already has almost a third of" this budget. Teng points out that, besides the profit from ticket sales, Cape No. 7 also earned Wei a subsidy of about 104 million from Government Information Office for the next film.[10]

However Typhoon Morakot impacted Taiwan in August 2009. Tu Duu-chih said the typhoon destroyed the film's set and sent the estimated budget from NTD 200 million to 600 million.[12] By November 2011, Peng reported the budget to be 700 million, and the grant from GIO was 130 million.[17][18]

Filming

The crew built a set in Arrow Studio in Linkou, New Taipei City to recreate scenes of Wushe Village in 1930s. Taneda Yohei, a production designer from Japan, is the artistic director supervising the art team. The set had 36 houses. Some houses had interior decoration and props of the period. The set cost NT$80 million. After the filming was completed, the set was open to visitors for a while.[19][20]

In May 2009, the casting met difficulties of finding aboriginal extras and actors for a war epic. At the time the film was set to be released in mid-2010.[21] The filming hired 400 technicians from Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, and hired 1500 non-professional as actors. The filming took 10 months and was completed on September 5, 2011.[22][23] Some scenes were filmed on mountain slope or in river, with actors wearing little cloths. Rain, coldness, slippery slopes and running were challenging to both the crew and cast. Injuries were frequent. Besides technical problems, problem of financing is constant. Wei said that he had to direct the film and raise the money at the same time, and the company often ran out of money for payrolls and props. Polly Peng reports that:

Wei's film company frequently couldn't pay the crew on time [...] the Taiwanese scenic designers went on strike, the Korean action team just left, and the Japanese art team refused to hand over completed designs. But despite this, Wei drew on the surprising resources underneath his refined facade, finding ways to push through.[2]

According to Wei, the combination of professional and non-professional cast created right chemistry. Wei was also satisfied with the performance of two non-professional actors playing young and older Mona Rudao. The film's use of Japanese and Seediq language was also a challenge to non-professional actors.[2]

Many original music scores are composed by Singapoean compser Rick Ho with a price of NTD 7 million.

Release

In September 2011, Seediq Bale had its world premiere at the 68th Venice International Film Festival, but the original two parts are combined into the one cut version and its running time is two and half hours.[24] It also was shown at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2011. The film opened April 27, 2012 in the US in New York, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.[25]

The film premiered in Beijing on May 6 2012, and released nation-wide on 10. The Beijing premier was attended by Wei's past co-worker and senior Chen Kuo-fu, and Wei and the non-professional branch of the cast performed a song after the screening. Distributor sponsored online reviews find the battle scenes moving, and identify with the people's faith.[26] On the test-screening in Guangzhou, Wei said the Chinese version is the two and a half hours long new international version, not the version screened in Venice Film Festival. Wei said that the version is not incomplete. Wei said that the Taiwan version has to be longer to respond to domestic demand for detailed historical accounts, while the international version can be shorter and focuses on the story. Wei also noted that the 4.5 hours long version was not successful in Hong Kong commercially. Zheng Zhaoqui (郑照魁) from Nanfang Daily however commented that 2 1/2 international version is not as satisfying as the 4.5 full version, and many aspects of the story were reduced. Zheng also noted that audience found the suicide of Seediq women heavy.[27] The DVD release is delayed to wait for screening in China.

Marketing and Merchandise

Like Cape No. 7, the film's marketing is combined with series of books, accessories, tours and musical concerts.

Reception

Early reaction to the movie has noted both the realism of its violence (which is due to the historical accuracy of its depictions of battle), and its undertone of Taiwanese nationalism. A review in The Economist avers that the film "[q]uite probably... has the highest number of graphic beheadings of any film anywhere. But they are faithful historical depictions."[28] As Walter Russell Mead further commented, "This type of movie, done well, can inspire whole societies with nationalist pride, reinforce the prominence of folk heroes (including, quite often, violent ones), and strengthen a people’s togetherness at the expense of foreigners."[29]

Justin Chang of Variety describes the film as a "wildly ambitious rumble-in-the-jungle battle epic arrives bearing so heavy a burden of industry expectations, one wishes the results were less kitschy and more coherent", but "still, the filmmaking has a raw physicality and crazy conviction it's hard not to admire."[30] Chang also writes "In terms of recent epic cinema, the primitive warfare in Warriors of the Rainbow recalls that of Apocalypto, minus Mel Gibson's sense of pacing and technique" and the "chaotic combo of hard-slamming edits, gory mayhem and Ricky Ho's forever-hemorrhaging score makes the picture simply exhausting to watch over the long haul."[30] On the positive aspects, Chang noted "there's an impressive degree of variation and anthropological detail in the weaponry and fighting techniques, from the numerous implied decapitations (the Seediq's chief m.o.) to the guerrilla assaults in the tropical terrain they know so well."[30] Chang however criticized the film's use of special effects as "generally substandard throughout" and writes the "occasional shots of CGI rainbows -- that title is unfortunately literal -- send the film momentarily spiraling into camp."[30]

Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter describes the film as "stunning to look at, authentic to a fault and a little tedious to follow",[31] and praised the action set pieces as "spectacular, almost non-stop sequence of grisly hand-to-hand combat scenes" and "No martial arts here, but skillfully realistic fighting with spears and machetes, guns and cannons, which spare no one."[31] However Young also states that "no matter how ingeniously it is varied, the non-stop fighting becomes oppressive in the long run"[31] and the film's best scenes are in its "quieter moments."[31]

Alan Harris gave the film three out of five stars and states "This is an extremely bloodthirsty film, with more beheadings than any other movie I can name, and scenes of carnage for most of its two and a half hour running time."[32] However Harris states "The story does not like complexity – the Japanese are almost universally portrayed as strutting hiss-boo villains or as hapless cannon fodder."[32]

Zheng Zhaoqui (郑照魁) from Nanfang Daily compared international version to the complete version and commented that it is short on Seediq culture thus loses the depth. Zheng also noted that audience found the suicide of Seediq women heavy.[27]

There were also controversies about the accuracy of the film's representation of history and aboriginal culture. After the film's release, an Atayal elder said that a year before Wushe Incident there was Qingshan Incident, in which Mona Rudao cooperated with Japanese and attacked his village. The elder "said Mona Rudao was not a hero as described in the movie but a brutal man who killed 26 women, children and old people in the attack." Walis Pelin, a former lawmaker, and Chiu Hung-shui, a chairman of a local organization from Nantou, confirmed the elder's story, and added that Mona Rudao was forced under the Japanese policy of "using barbarians against barbarians." However the film's consultant Dakis Pawan, (also known as Kuo Ming-cheng) "quoted a spokeswoman for the Mona Rudao family and the chief's foster-daughter as saying that she had never heard of the Qingshan Incident."[33][34] Iwan Pering, a translator of the film, said that Mona Rudao was unlikely to have invaded other group's territory, since it was forbidden by the rules of his group.

See also

References

  1. ^ Part of Taiwanese sources: NT$ 700 million (US$ 23 million),
    Discovery Channel - Taiwan Revealed - Cinema Formosa: US$ 25 million (NT$ 750 million).
  2. ^ a b c d e Polly Peng (2011). "Fighting the Good Fight: The Bloody Battleground of Seediq Bale". Taiwan Panorama. tr. by Geof Aberhart: p.046–054. Retrieved 2012-02-28. Although NT$130 million of Seediq Bale's NT$700-million budget was covered by a strategic grant from the Government Information Office, finding the rest was no small challenge for Wei. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Academy Releases Foreign-Language Oscar List". The Hollywood Reporter. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  4. ^ "'Seediq Bale' to vie for Oscars' best foreign film". focustaiwan. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
  5. ^ "63 Countries Vie for 2011 Foreign Language Film Oscar". oscars.org. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  6. ^ "9 Foreign Language Films Vie for Oscar". oscars.org. 18 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
  7. ^ Taiwan buzzing before release of ‘Warriors’ epic
  8. ^ 'Seediq Bale' depicts Taiwanese natives' fight for dignity
  9. ^ 家明 [Kaming] (2011-09-25). "魏德聖訪問 帶根帶土的藝文故事". Ming Pao(明報) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2012-02-28. 原住民在爭取不可能還給他們的土地，台灣在爭取一個不屬於台灣的香港。我們失去的真的只有土地而已？.
  10. ^ a b c Teng Sue-feng (2009). "Biggest Production in Taiwan Film History-Seediq Bale". Taiwan Panorama. tr. by Christopher J. Findler. Retrieved 2012-02-28. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) [The Chinese version is more detailed]
  11. ^ 項貽斐 [Hsiang Yi-fei] (2003-11-25). "魏德聖 籌拍 霧社事件 掏光存款和人情 「賽德克巴萊」5分鐘樣帶花 250萬 盼募 2億完成史詩片". United Daily News (UDN Database. Restricted access) (in Chinese). p. D4.
  12. ^ a b Lan Tzu-wei (Sun, Sep 04, 2011). "INTERVIEW:'Director's charisma turned film dream into reality". Taipei Times. trans. Jake Chung. Tu Duu-chih (杜篤之), the recording artist of the film, was interviewed. p. 2. Retrieved 2012-02-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ a b 藍祖蔚[Lan Tzu-wei, tonyblue] (2008-09-14). "海角七號：專訪魏德聖". 藍色電影夢 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2012-02-28. Cite error: The named reference "lan_wei" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ Wei Te-sheng (2008-06-25). "導演日誌：想當年，怎麼拍得成賽德克巴萊" (in Template:Zh-hant). 《海角七號》電影官方部落格. Retrieved 2011-02-22檢索. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ 曹玉玲 (2004-02-15). "「賽德克巴萊」 沒有2億不拍". Liberty Times (in Template:Zh-hant). Retrieved 2011-02-28.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ^ There are two estimations of the goal of the earlier fund raise. Earlier reports say the goal of the earlier fund raise is USD 7 million (NTD 200 to 250 million). But when interviewed by Lan Tzu-wei in 2008, (after the success of Cape No. 7), Wei said that he borrowed NTD 2 million to make the short film, and his goal was to raise USD 10 million (NTD 300 million), which may have scared investors away. See Lan, 2008. There are also less accurate sorces written after the 2011 release saying the goal is NTD 70 million. There are also two estimations of cost of the five-minute film. According to Peng, "in 2003 Wei spent NT$2 million shooting a five-minute trailer." This is also the estimation from Lan Tzu-wei's two interviews with Tu and with Wei. However the 2011-09-14 report from Apple Daily and 2003-11-25 report from United Daily News say the cost is 2.5 million.
  17. ^ According to Culture.tw, a website funded by Council for Cultural Affairs, the budget was 700 million and the grant from GIO was 160 million. See "Seediq Bale is Taiwan director Wei's dream project". 2010-09-10. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  18. ^ 宇若霏、尤燕祺 [Yu and You] (2008-09-14). "賽德克．巴萊 凱道首映 魏德聖惹哭馬英九". Apple Daily (Taiwan) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2012-02-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Famed film designer discusses upcoming epic". Taipei Times. 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-02-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  20. ^ "Set from 'Seediq Bale' in Linkou will open to public". Taipei Times. 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2011-02-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  21. ^ "Director drafts Aboriginal servicemen for new film". Taipei Times. 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  22. ^ Loa Iok-sin (2010-09-06). "Filming of Sediq resistance epic completed". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2011-02-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  23. ^ "Seediq uprising epic to hit theaters this fall: Wei Te-sheng". Taipei Times. 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2011-02-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ The Hollywood Reporter Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale: Venice Film Review 1 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14
  25. ^ Machismo, Obtained via Machete April 26, 2012
  26. ^ "《赛德克·巴莱》首映 陈国富：有灵魂的大片". Sohu (in Simplified Chinese). 2012-05-07.
  27. ^ a b Zheng Zhaoqui (郑照魁) (2012-05-08). "《赛德克·巴莱》删节2小时 网友惋惜少了文化味". Nanfang Daily (in Simplified Chinese).
  28. ^ "A Taiwan blockbuster: Blood-stained rainbow". The Economist. September 17, 2011.
  29. ^ Mead, Walter Russell (September 17, 2011). "Taiwanese Film Stirs Romantic Nationalism". Via Meadia.
  30. ^ a b c d Justin Chang (Sep. 1, 2011). "Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale". Variety. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b c d Deborah Young (Sept. 1, 2011). "Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale: Venice Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ a b Alan Harris (16 September 2011). "Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale (2011)". Glued to the Seat.
  33. ^ "Seediq controversy highlights that life isn't black and white". China Post. 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  34. ^ Chen Ching-ping and C.J. Lin (2011-09-14). "Seediq Bale hero Mona Rudao's controversial past". Central News Agency (Republic of China). Retrieved 2012-04-03.

External links

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