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{{infobox military structure
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Fort du Mont Bart
|name = Fort du Mont Bart
|native_name =
|native_name =
|partof = [[Fortifications of Montbéliard]]
|partof = [[Fortified region of Lomont]]
|location = [[Montbéliard]], [[France]]
|location = [[Bavans]], [[France]]
|image = [[File:ComputerHotline - Fort du Mont Bart (by) (15).jpg|300px]]
|image = [[File:ComputerHotline - Fort du Mont Bart (by) (15).jpg|300px]]
|caption = Entry. ''Photo:Bresson Thomas''
|caption = Entry.
|map_type = France
|map_type = France
|latitude = 47.48644
|longitude = 6.76163
|map_size = 300
|map_size = 300
|map_alt =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|map_caption =
|type = Fort, [[Séré de Rivières system]]
|type = Fort, [[Séré de Rivières system]]
|coordinates =
|coordinates = {{coord|47.48644|6.76163|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|code =
|code =
|built = {{Start date|1875}}
|built = {{Start date|1874}}
|builder =
|builder =
|materials =
|materials =
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}}
}}


'''Fort du Mont Bart''' is located to the south of [[Montbéliard]], [[France]]. It was built between November 1875 and July 1878 as part of the [[Séré de Rivières system]] of fortifications. The fort overlooks the valleys of the [[Doubs (river)|Doubs]] and the Allan at an elevation of {{convert|497|m|ft}}, standing to the south and rear of the [[Fortified region of Belfort|fortified region of Belfort]] and in control of the road to [[Besançon]]. The fort was intended to augment the Belfort fortifications and to prevent an enemy from bypassing them.
'''Fort du Mont Bart''' is located to the south of [[Montbéliard]], [[France]]. It was built between November 1874 and July 1877 as part of the [[Séré de Rivières system]] of fortifications. The fort overlooks the valleys of the [[Doubs (river)|Doubs]] and the Allan at an elevation of {{convert|497|m|ft}}, standing to the south and rear of the [[fortified region of Belfort]] and in control of the road to [[Besançon]]. The fort was intended to augment the Belfort fortifications and to prevent an enemy from bypassing them.
The most striking feature of the Fort du Mont Bart is its "interior street", originally constructed in the open air as a sunken court, then covered before [[World War I]] with reinforced concrete.<ref name="chemins 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichelieu.php?idLieu=1594&idLang=en|title=Fort du Mont Bart (25)|last=Association "Le Mont-Bart"|publisher=Chemins de mémoire|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>
The most striking feature of the Fort du Mont Bart is its "interior street", originally constructed in the open air as a sunken court, then covered before [[World War I]] with reinforced concrete.<ref name="chemins 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichelieu.php?idLieu=1594&idLang=en|title=Fort du Mont Bart (25)|last=Association "Le Mont-Bart"|publisher=Chemins de mémoire|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>


==Strategic position==
==Strategic position==
The strategic importance of the Belfort fortification system became apparent in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870, and increased as a result of the loss of [[Alsace]] and [[Lorraine]] as a result of the war. The defenses of France had to be reconsidered in light of the changes in France's frontiers and in view of advances in artillery during the second half of the 19th century. The new fort was planned to respond to these new developments and to support the neighboring fortification systems.<ref name="chemins 1"/>
The strategic importance of the Belfort fortification system became apparent in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870, and increased as a result of the loss of [[Alsace]] and [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] as a result of the war. The defenses of France had to be reconsidered in light of the changes in France's frontiers and in view of advances in artillery during the second half of the 19th century. The new fort was planned to respond to these new developments and to support the neighboring fortification systems.<ref name="chemins 1"/>


==Description==
==Description==
⚫
[[File:14-20-22-fort-mont-bart.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The central covered court]]
⚫
The pentagonal fort is surrounded by a ditch, which is traversed by fire from the [[caponier]]s. The central barracks is sunken into the earth and encircled by firing positions on the surface of the fort. The fort's surface was originally armed with four 155mm and five 120mm guns, with one 138mm gun. Four 220 mm mortars completed the exposed armament. Casemates were armed with one 155mm Mougin gun and four 138mm guns, with smaller arms defending the fort's walls, and a separate battery with four 95mm guns. By 1914 the surface armament had been augmented with four 90mm guns and an additional three 120mm guns. Revolving guns defended the fort. The fort was entered via a drawbridge.<ref name="fortiffsere1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiffsere.fr/troueedebelfort/index_fichiers/Page2623.htm|title=Le fort du Mont Bart|last=Vauborg|first=Cédric|coauthors=Vauborg, Julie|date=2010|publisher=Fortiff' Séré|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010 2010}}</ref>

⚫
The pentagonal fort is surrounded by a ditch, which is traversed by fire from the [[caponier]]s. The central barracks is sunken into the earth and encircled by firing positions on the surface of the fort. The fort's surface was originally armed with four 155mm and five 120mm guns, with one 138mm gun. Four 220&nbsp;mm mortars completed the exposed armament. Casemates were armed with one [[Mougin casemate|155mm Mougin gun]] and four 138mm guns, with smaller arms defending the fort's walls, and a separate battery with four 95mm guns. By 1914 the surface armament had been augmented with four 90mm guns and an additional three 120mm guns. Revolving guns defended the fort. The fort was entered via a drawbridge.<ref name="fortiffsere1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiffsere.fr/troueedebelfort/index_fichiers/Page2623.htm|title=Le fort du Mont Bart|last=Vauborg|first=Cédric|author2=Vauborg, Julie|year=2010|publisher=Fortiff' Séré|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>


Mont Bart covers a surface area of about {{convert|3.5|ha|acre}}. The fort's stonework came from the Bavans quarry at the foot of the massif.<ref name="ftmtbt1">{{cite web|url=http://monsite.wanadoo.fr/fort-du-mont-bart/page1.html#gotop|title=La genèse du Fort|date=19 August 2005|publisher=Association "Le Mont-Bart"|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>
Mont Bart covers a surface area of about {{convert|3.5|ha|acre}}. The fort's stonework came from the Bavans quarry at the foot of the massif.<ref name="ftmtbt1">{{cite web|url=http://monsite.wanadoo.fr/fort-du-mont-bart/page1.html#gotop|title=La genèse du Fort|date=19 August 2005|publisher=Association "Le Mont-Bart"|language=French|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>


⚫
[[File:ComputerHotline - Fort du Mont Bart (by) (12).jpg|thumb|left|200px|The central covered court]]
==History==
==History==
The fort was modernized in 1889 with a magazine excavated within the rock of the foundations. In 1913-1914 the fort was reinforced with {{convert|1.65|m|ft}} of reinforced concrete over the central barracks and court, uniquely in the Séré de Rivières system. A second Mougin casemate was proposed in 1878, but never carried out.<ref name="fortiffsere1"/>
The fort was modernized in 1889 with a magazine excavated within the rock of the foundations. In 1913-1914 the fort was reinforced with {{convert|1.65|m|ft}} of reinforced concrete over the central barracks and court, uniquely in the Séré de Rivières system. A second Mougin casemate was proposed in 1878, but never carried out.<ref name="fortiffsere1"/>


In 1940 the fort was manned by troops of the 159th Position Artillery Regiment (RAP), part of the Defensive Sector of Montbéliard under the French 8th Army, Army Group 3. From 16 March 1940 the SD Montbéliard became the [[Fortified Sector of Montbéliard]].<ref name="hetou3-1">{{cite book|last=Mary|first=Jean-Yves|author2=Hohnadel, Alain|author3=Sicard, Jacques|title=Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3|publisher=Histoire & Collections|year=2003|page=152|isbn=2-913903-88-6|language=French}}</ref>
⚫
During the [[World War II|second world war]] the fort was stripped of its armament. It remained occupied by the military until the 1960s, when it was abandoned. It is presently owned by the Montbéliard regional government and is under restoration.<ref name="fortiffsere1"/>

⚫
During the [[World War II|second world war]] the fort was stripped of its armament. It remained occupied by the military until the 1960s, when it was abandoned. It is now owned by the Montbéliard regional government and is under restoration.<ref name="fortiffsere1"/>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 56: Line 57:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Fort du Mont Bart}}
{{Commons category|Fort du Mont Bart}}
*[http://monsite.wanadoo.fr/fort-du-mont-bart/ Fort du Mont Bart] official site {{fr}}
*[http://monsite.wanadoo.fr/fort-du-mont-bart/ Fort du Mont Bart] official site {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichelieu.php?idLieu=1594&idLang=en Fort du Mont Bart] at Chemins de mémoire {{fr}}
*[http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/page/affichelieu.php?idLieu=1594&idLang=en Fort du Mont Bart] at Chemins de mémoire {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.fortiffsere.fr/troueedebelfort/index_fichiers/Page2623.htm Fort du Mont Bart] at Fortiff' Séré {{fr}}
*[http://www.fortiffsere.fr/troueedebelfort/index_fichiers/Page2623.htm Fort du Mont Bart] at Fortiff' Séré {{in lang|fr}}

{{Séré de Rivières system}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Séré de Rivières system]]
[[Category:Séré de Rivières system]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 29 April 2021

Fort du Mont Bart
Part of Fortified region of Lomont
Bavans, France
Entry.
Fort du Mont Bart is located in France
Fort du Mont Bart
Fort du Mont Bart
Coordinates47°29′11″N 6°45′42″E / 47.48644°N 6.76163°E / 47.48644; 6.76163
TypeFort, Séré de Rivières system
Site information
OwnerCommune of the region of Montbéliard
Controlled byFrance
Open to
the public		yes
ConditionPreserved
Site history
Built1874 (1874)
Garrison information
Occupants700

Fort du Mont Bart is located to the south of Montbéliard, France. It was built between November 1874 and July 1877 as part of the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications. The fort overlooks the valleys of the Doubs and the Allan at an elevation of 497 metres (1,631 ft), standing to the south and rear of the fortified region of Belfort and in control of the road to Besançon. The fort was intended to augment the Belfort fortifications and to prevent an enemy from bypassing them. The most striking feature of the Fort du Mont Bart is its "interior street", originally constructed in the open air as a sunken court, then covered before World War I with reinforced concrete.[1]

Strategic position

[edit]

The strategic importance of the Belfort fortification system became apparent in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, and increased as a result of the loss of Alsace and Lorraine as a result of the war. The defenses of France had to be reconsidered in light of the changes in France's frontiers and in view of advances in artillery during the second half of the 19th century. The new fort was planned to respond to these new developments and to support the neighboring fortification systems.[1]

Description

[edit]
The central covered court

The pentagonal fort is surrounded by a ditch, which is traversed by fire from the caponiers. The central barracks is sunken into the earth and encircled by firing positions on the surface of the fort. The fort's surface was originally armed with four 155mm and five 120mm guns, with one 138mm gun. Four 220 mm mortars completed the exposed armament. Casemates were armed with one 155mm Mougin gun and four 138mm guns, with smaller arms defending the fort's walls, and a separate battery with four 95mm guns. By 1914 the surface armament had been augmented with four 90mm guns and an additional three 120mm guns. Revolving guns defended the fort. The fort was entered via a drawbridge.[2]

Mont Bart covers a surface area of about 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres). The fort's stonework came from the Bavans quarry at the foot of the massif.[3]

History

[edit]

The fort was modernized in 1889 with a magazine excavated within the rock of the foundations. In 1913-1914 the fort was reinforced with 1.65 metres (5.4 ft) of reinforced concrete over the central barracks and court, uniquely in the Séré de Rivières system. A second Mougin casemate was proposed in 1878, but never carried out.[2]

In 1940 the fort was manned by troops of the 159th Position Artillery Regiment (RAP), part of the Defensive Sector of Montbéliard under the French 8th Army, Army Group 3. From 16 March 1940 the SD Montbéliard became the Fortified Sector of Montbéliard.[4]

During the second world war the fort was stripped of its armament. It remained occupied by the military until the 1960s, when it was abandoned. It is now owned by the Montbéliard regional government and is under restoration.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Association "Le Mont-Bart". "Fort du Mont Bart (25)" (in French). Chemins de mémoire. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  2. ^ a b c Vauborg, Cédric; Vauborg, Julie (2010). "Le fort du Mont Bart" (in French). Fortiff' Séré. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  3. ^ "La genèse du Fort" (in French). Association "Le Mont-Bart". 19 August 2005. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  4. ^ Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques (2003). Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3 (in French). Histoire & Collections. p. 152. ISBN 2-913903-88-6.
[edit]
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