Oscar Slater: Difference between revisions
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'''Oscar Joseph Slater''' (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was a victim of [[miscarriage of justice]]. He was born '''Oscar Leschziner''' in [[Oppeln]], [[Upper Silesia]], Germany to a Jewish family. Around 1893, to evade [[German Army (German Empire)|military service]], he moved to London where he worked as a bookmaker using various names, including ''Anderson'', before settling on ''Slater'' for official purposes. He was prosecuted for malicious wounding in 1896 and assault in 1897 but was acquitted in both cases.<ref name=ODNB>Leslie William Blake, 'Slater, Oscar Joseph (1872–1948)', [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 2004 |
'''Oscar Joseph Slater''' (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was a victim of [[miscarriage of justice]]. He was born '''Oscar Leschziner''' in [[Oppeln]], [[Upper Silesia]], Germany to a Jewish family. Around 1893, to evade [[German Army (German Empire)|military service]], he moved to London where he worked as a bookmaker using various names, including ''Anderson'', before settling on ''Slater'' for official purposes. He was prosecuted for malicious wounding in 1896 and assault in 1897 but was acquitted in both cases.<ref name=ODNB>Leslie William Blake, 'Slater, Oscar Joseph (1872–1948)', [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 2004</ref> |
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In 1899 he moved to [[Edinburgh]] and by 1901 was living in [[Glasgow]]. He claimed to be a gymnastics instructor, a dentist, and a dealer in precious stones but was known to police as a [[pimp]] <ref name=Times1>[[The Times]], ''Glasgow Murder Trial'' 6 May 1909</ref> and gangster who associated with thieves, burglars, and receivers of stolen goods.<ref name=ODNB/> |
In 1899 he moved to [[Edinburgh]] and by 1901 was living in [[Glasgow]]. He claimed to be a gymnastics instructor, a dentist, and a dealer in precious stones but was known to police as a [[pimp]] <ref name=Times1>[[The Times]], ''Glasgow Murder Trial'' 6 May 1909</ref> and gangster who associated with thieves, burglars, and receivers of stolen goods.<ref name=ODNB/> |
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==Marion Gilchrist== |
==Marion Gilchrist== |
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[[File:Square Mile of Murder map.svg|thumb|right|Location of murder top circle]] |
[[File:Square Mile of Murder map.svg|thumb|right|Location of murder top circle]] |
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In December 1908 '''Marion Gilchrist''', a spinster aged 83 years, was beaten to death in a robbery at [[Square Mile of Murder|West Princes Street, Glasgow]], after her maid had popped out for ten minutes.<ref name=Times5> |
In December 1908 '''Marion Gilchrist''', a spinster aged 83 years, was beaten to death in a robbery at [[Square Mile of Murder|West Princes Street, Glasgow]], after her maid had popped out for ten minutes.<ref name=Times5>The Times, ''The Case Of Oscar Slater. Sir Herbert Stephen And The Evidence,'' 19 September 1912</ref> Although she had jewelry worth £3,000 (''2009: £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|3000|1909|2009|r=-4}}}}'') hidden in her wardrobe,<ref name=Times4/> the robber was disturbed by a neighbour<ref name=Times5/> and took only a brooch. Slater had left for New York five days after the murder and came under suspicion as, before the murder, a caller to Gilchrist's house had been looking for someone called 'Anderson', and Slater had previously been seen trying to sell a [[pawn ticket]] for a brooch.<ref name=ODNB/> |
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The police soon realised that the pawn ticket was a false lead but still applied for Slater's extradition. Slater was advised that the application would probably fail, but, in any case, decided to return voluntarily to Scotland.<ref name=ODNB/> |
The police soon realised that the pawn ticket was a false lead but still applied for Slater's extradition. Slater was advised that the application would probably fail, but, in any case, decided to return voluntarily to Scotland.<ref name=ODNB/> |
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Under pressure from Detective Trench, a prison doctor and a Glasgow lawyer named David Cook, the then Scottish Secretary [[McKinnon Wood]] launched a secret enquiry in 1914. However this was a "farce" and "Gilbertian" and Trench was sacked and then framed for [[Receipt of stolen property|reset]] by the Glasgow Police. Indeed the case remains the worst miscarriage of justice in Scottish legal history with several senior police officers (Stevenson, Orr, Ord), John Neil Hart, the [[Procurator Fiscal]], and several [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal]] [[Lord Advocate]]s disgracing themselves. Even [[Lord Guthrie]] and politicians actively colluding to retain the conviction did not escape humiliation. Slater was released in 1928 with £6,000 compensation when pressure from the Conservative Secretary of State, Labour opposition politicians including [[Ramsay MacDonald]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] and several journalists lead to a new act and [[Court of Appeal]] for Scotland. Those responsible for Miss Gilchrist's murder were never brought to justice but the crime was almost certainly the joint enterprise of two or three male relatives (including a doctor/academic and a lawyer who were protected by legal and political connections). |
Under pressure from Detective Trench, a prison doctor and a Glasgow lawyer named David Cook, the then Scottish Secretary [[McKinnon Wood]] launched a secret enquiry in 1914. However this was a "farce" and "Gilbertian" and Trench was sacked and then framed for [[Receipt of stolen property|reset]] by the Glasgow Police. Indeed the case remains the worst miscarriage of justice in Scottish legal history with several senior police officers (Stevenson, Orr, Ord), John Neil Hart, the [[Procurator Fiscal]], and several [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal]] [[Lord Advocate]]s disgracing themselves. Even [[Lord Guthrie]] and politicians actively colluding to retain the conviction did not escape humiliation. Slater was released in 1928 with £6,000 compensation when pressure from the Conservative Secretary of State, Labour opposition politicians including [[Ramsay MacDonald]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] and several journalists lead to a new act and [[Court of Appeal]] for Scotland. Those responsible for Miss Gilchrist's murder were never brought to justice but the crime was almost certainly the joint enterprise of two or three male relatives (including a doctor/academic and a lawyer who were protected by legal and political connections). |
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==The Case of Oscar Slater== |
==The Case of Oscar Slater== |
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Roughead's book convinced many of Slater's innocence; influential people included [[Sir Edward Marshall Hall]]; [[Ramsay MacDonald]]; (eventually) [[Stanley Buckmaster, 1st Viscount Buckmaster|Viscount Buckmaster]]; and [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]].<ref name=ODNB/> In 1912, Conan Doyle published ''The Case of Oscar Slater,'' a plea for a full pardon for Slater.<ref name=Times4/> |
Roughead's book convinced many of Slater's innocence; influential people included [[Sir Edward Marshall Hall]]; [[Ramsay MacDonald]]; (eventually) [[Stanley Buckmaster, 1st Viscount Buckmaster|Viscount Buckmaster]]; and [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]].<ref name=ODNB/> In 1912, Conan Doyle published ''The Case of Oscar Slater,'' a plea for a full pardon for Slater.<ref name=Times4/> |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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As an enemy alien, Slater was interned for a brief time at the start of [[ |
As an enemy alien, Slater was interned for a brief time at the start of [[World War II]]. He died in 1948. Detective-Lieutenant Trench had died in 1919, aged fifty, and never lived to see Justice done.<ref name=ODNB/> |
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The lessons of the Slater miscarriage were considered as late as 1976 by the [[Devlin Committee]] review on the limitations of [[identity parades]]. |
The lessons of the Slater miscarriage were considered as late as 1976 by the [[Devlin Committee]] review on the limitations of [[identity parades]]. |
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In Glasgow [[rhyming slang]] ''See you "Oscar"'' rhymes ''Slater'' with ''later''. |
In Glasgow [[rhyming slang]] ''See you "Oscar"'' rhymes ''Slater'' with ''later''.<ref>[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] ''Punting across the great divide'' 13 January 1998</ref> |
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More recently, the Slater case has been revisited by several authors of [[non-fiction]]. |
More recently, the Slater case has been revisited by several authors of [[non-fiction]]. |
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* [http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/the-oscar-slater-scandal-exposed-1.486412 The Oscar Slater scandal exposed] |
* [http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/the-oscar-slater-scandal-exposed-1.486412 The Oscar Slater scandal exposed] |
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* {{imdb title|0707759|The Trials of Oscar Slater}} |
* {{imdb title|0707759|The Trials of Oscar Slater}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Slater, Oscar}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Slater, Oscar}} |
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[[Category:Overturned convictions in the United Kingdom]] |
[[Category:Overturned convictions in the United Kingdom]] |
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Revision as of 03:50, 17 March 2011
Oscar Joseph Slater (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was a victim of miscarriage of justice. He was born Oscar Leschziner in Oppeln, Upper Silesia, Germany to a Jewish family. Around 1893, to evade military service, he moved to London where he worked as a bookmaker using various names, including Anderson, before settling on Slater for official purposes. He was prosecuted for malicious wounding in 1896 and assault in 1897 but was acquitted in both cases.[1]
In 1899 he moved to Edinburgh and by 1901 was living in Glasgow. He claimed to be a gymnastics instructor, a dentist, and a dealer in precious stones but was known to police as a pimp [2] and gangster who associated with thieves, burglars, and receivers of stolen goods.[1]
Marion Gilchrist
In December 1908 Marion Gilchrist, a spinster aged 83 years, was beaten to death in a robbery at West Princes Street, Glasgow, after her maid had popped out for ten minutes.[3] Although she had jewelry worth £3,000 (2009: £230,000) hidden in her wardrobe,[4] the robber was disturbed by a neighbour[3] and took only a brooch. Slater had left for New York five days after the murder and came under suspicion as, before the murder, a caller to Gilchrist's house had been looking for someone called 'Anderson', and Slater had previously been seen trying to sell a pawn ticket for a brooch.[1]
The police soon realised that the pawn ticket was a false lead but still applied for Slater's extradition. Slater was advised that the application would probably fail, but, in any case, decided to return voluntarily to Scotland.[1]
Trial of Oscar Slater
At his trial, defence witnesses provided Slater with an alibi and confirmed that he had announced his visit to America long before the murder.[2] He was convicted by a majority of nine to six (five ‘not proven’ and one ‘not guilty’).[1] In May 1909 he was sentenced to death, the execution to take place before the end of the month.[5] However, the trial judge, Lord Guthrie organised a petition, signed by 20,000 people [4] and the secretary for Scotland, Lord Pentland, issued a conditional pardon and commuted the sentence to life imprisonment.[1] Slater was to serve nineteen years at Peterhead Prison.[6]
The following year Scottish lawyer and amateur criminologist, William Roughead, published his Trial of Oscar Slater highlighting flaws in the prosecution. The circumstantial evidence against Slater included his ‘flight from justice. The identification evidence was fleeting and otherwise unreliable, prejudiced, tainted, or coached. In particular Slater was conspicuously contrasted with nine off-duty policemen in his identification parade.[1]
Under pressure from Detective Trench, a prison doctor and a Glasgow lawyer named David Cook, the then Scottish Secretary McKinnon Wood launched a secret enquiry in 1914. However this was a "farce" and "Gilbertian" and Trench was sacked and then framed for reset by the Glasgow Police. Indeed the case remains the worst miscarriage of justice in Scottish legal history with several senior police officers (Stevenson, Orr, Ord), John Neil Hart, the Procurator Fiscal, and several Liberal Lord Advocates disgracing themselves. Even Lord Guthrie and politicians actively colluding to retain the conviction did not escape humiliation. Slater was released in 1928 with £6,000 compensation when pressure from the Conservative Secretary of State, Labour opposition politicians including Ramsay MacDonald, Arthur Conan Doyle and several journalists lead to a new act and Court of Appeal for Scotland. Those responsible for Miss Gilchrist's murder were never brought to justice but the crime was almost certainly the joint enterprise of two or three male relatives (including a doctor/academic and a lawyer who were protected by legal and political connections).
The Case of Oscar Slater
Roughead's book convinced many of Slater's innocence; influential people included Sir Edward Marshall Hall; Ramsay MacDonald; (eventually) Viscount Buckmaster; and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[1] In 1912, Conan Doyle published The Case of Oscar Slater, a plea for a full pardon for Slater.[4]
In 1914 Thomas MacKinnon Wood ordered a Private Inquiry into the case. A detective in the case, John Thompson Trench, provided information which had allegedly been concealed from the trial by the police. The Inquiry found that the conviction was sound and, instead, Trench, was dismissed from the force and prosecuted on trumped-up charges.[1][6]{The Charges were thrown out}
Criminal Appeal (Scotland) Act 1927
Finally, in 1927 the publication of The Truth about Oscar Slater by William Park proved decisive. Solicitor General for Scotland, Alexander Munro MacRobert, reported to Sir John Gilmour, that it was no longer proven that Slater was guilty.[1] An Act (17 & 18 Geo. V) was passed to extend the Jurisdiction of the recently established Scottish Court of Criminal Appeal to convictions before the original shut-off date of 1926. Slater's conviction was quashed in July 1928 on the ground that the judge had not directed the jury about the irrelevance of Slater's previous character. Slater received £6000 (2009:£270,000) compensation.[1]
Aftermath
As an enemy alien, Slater was interned for a brief time at the start of World War II. He died in 1948. Detective-Lieutenant Trench had died in 1919, aged fifty, and never lived to see Justice done.[1]
The lessons of the Slater miscarriage were considered as late as 1976 by the Devlin Committee review on the limitations of identity parades.
In Glasgow rhyming slang See you "Oscar" rhymes Slater with later.[7]
More recently, the Slater case has been revisited by several authors of non-fiction.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Leslie William Blake, 'Slater, Oscar Joseph (1872–1948)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^ a b The Times, Glasgow Murder Trial 6 May 1909
- ^ a b The Times, The Case Of Oscar Slater. Sir Herbert Stephen And The Evidence, 19 September 1912
- ^ a b c The Times, "The Case of Oscar Slater," 21 August 1912
- ^ The Times, Index 7 May 1909
- ^ a b Roughead, William (1941). "Oscar Slater". In Hodge, Harry (ed.). Famous Trials. Vol. 1. Penguin Books. pp. 72–74.
- ^ The Herald Punting across the great divide 13 January 1998