Time in Canada

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Map of time zones in Canada

Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sir Sandford Fleming, who helped pioneer the world's time zone system.[1] Most of Canada operates on standard time from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March and daylight saving time the rest of the year.[2]

Zones

Pacific Time Zone

Mountain Time Zone

Central Time Zone

Eastern Time Zone

Atlantic Time Zone

Newfoundland Time Zone

Former time zones

  • The Yukon Time Zone (UTC−09:00) covered Yukon until 1975. In 1983, the zone (then covering only a small portion of Alaska) was restructured to cover most of Alaska and renamed the Alaska Time Zone.
  • In 1988, Newfoundland and Labrador used "double daylight saving time" from April 3 until October 30, meaning that the time was set ahead by 2 hours. Most of Labrador, which uses Atlantic Standard Time (UTC−4) used UTC−2 for this time period. All of Newfoundland and southern Labrador, which uses UTC−3:30 as its standard time zone, used UTC−1:30. This only happened in 1988 and the province now only adjusts its time by one hour for daylight saving time.

Daylight saving time

Four Canadian cities, by local ordinance, used Daylight Saving Time in 1916. Brandon, Manitoba on April 17 became the first place in the world to use it. It was followed by Winnipeg on April 23, Halifax on April 30, and Hamilton, Ontario on June 4.[5]

Daylight saving time is now observed in most regions of all provinces and territories, except Saskatchewan (although, since Saskatchewan is in the Mountain Time Zone and observes CST time it is effectively on DST year round). Under the Constitution of Canada, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial matter. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to promote consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian provinces followed suit to mimic the change.

The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates:

  • Ontario,[6] Manitoba[7] – October 20, 2005
  • Quebec – December 5, 2005[8]
  • Prince Edward Island – December 6, 2005[9]
  • New Brunswick – December 23, 2005[10]
  • Alberta – February 2, 2006[11]
  • Northwest Territories – March 4, 2006[12]
  • British Columbia – March 31, 2006[13]
  • Nova Scotia – April 25, 2006[14]
  • Yukon – July 14, 2006[15]
  • Newfoundland and Labrador – November 20, 2006, but officially announced on January 18, 2007[16]
  • Nunavut – February 19, 2007[17]
  • Saskatchewan – no official action taken, as almost all of the province does not change their clocks to summer time (they remain on CST all year round). However, the few places in the province that do observe daylight saving (Lloydminster and the surrounding area, which straddles the Alberta border and observes Alberta's Mountain Time and Creighton, which observes daylight saving on an unofficial basis due to its proximity to the border with Manitoba) follow the aforementioned March–November schedule just like the rest of the country.

IANA time zone database

Data for Canada from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself.

c.c.* coordinates* TZ* comments* UTC offset UTC offset DST Notes
CA +4734−05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland, Labrador (SE) −03:30 −02:30
CA +4439−06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas), PE −04:00 −03:00
CA +4612−05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton) −04:00 −03:00
CA +4606−06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick −04:00 −03:00
CA +5320−06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas) −04:00 −03:00
CA +5125−05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore) −04:00 −04:00
CA America/Montreal −05:00 −04:00
CA +4339−07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON & QC (most areas) −05:00 −04:00
CA America/Nipigon −05:00 −04:00
CA America/Thunder_Bay −05:00 −04:00
CA +6344−06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most areas) −05:00 −04:00
CA America/Pangnirtung −05:00 −04:00
CA +744144−0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute) −06:00 −05:00
CA +484531−0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H) −05:00 −05:00
CA +624900−0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central - NU (central) −06:00 −05:00
CA +4953−09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west), Manitoba −06:00 −05:00
CA America/Rainy_River −06:00 −05:00
CA +5024−10439 America/Regina CST - SK (most areas) −06:00 −06:00
CA +5017−10750 America/Swift_Current CST - SK (midwest) −06:00 −06:00
CA +5333−11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB, BC(E), NT(E), SK(W) −07:00 −06:00
CA +690650−1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west) −07:00 −06:00
CA +6227−11421 America/Yellowknife −07:00 −06:00
CA +682059−1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west) −07:00 −06:00
CA +4906−11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston) −07:00 −07:00
CA +5546−12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John) −07:00 −07:00
CA +4916−12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) −08:00 −07:00
CA +6043−13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) −07:00 −07:00
CA +6404−13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) −07:00 −07:00

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A small section at La Biche River Airport in the southeast corner is shown as being on Mountain Standard Time.[2]
  2. ^ Prairie Creek Airport, operated by Canadian Zinc, located in the southwest NT is shown as observing PST/PDT. North of Sixty Fishing Camps (Obre Lake/North of Sixty Airport) and Kasba Lake Lodge (Kasba Lake Airport) are shown as operating on CST/CDT[2]

References

  1. ^ Clark Blaise, Time Lord: Sir Sandford Fleming and the creation of standard time (New York, First Vintage Books: 2000) pp.81-82. ISBN 0-375-40176-8
  2. ^ a b c d Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
  3. ^ New Time Zone in Fort Nelson, timeanddate.com, September 21, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Legal time in Québec, Ministry of Justice of Quebec, April 20, 2015.
  5. ^ Doris Chase Doane, Time Changes in Canada and Mexico, 2nd edition, 1972
  6. ^ Time Act
  7. ^ Province Introduces Legislation that Would Extend Daylight Saving Time in Manitoba (The Official Time Amendment Act,The Official Time Act)
  8. ^ Bill n°2 : Legal Time Act
  9. ^ An Act to Amend the Time Uniformity Act
  10. ^ Changes to daylight saving time in New Brunswick in 2007 (05/12/23)
  11. ^ Alberta sees the light with a timely announcement
  12. ^ Daylight Saving Time Regulations
  13. ^ New Daylight Saving Time Takes Effect in 2007
  14. ^ Nova Scotia to Change Daylight Saving Time
  15. ^ Yukon To Adopt Extended Daylight Saving Time Starting March 2007
  16. ^ An Act Respecting Standard Time and Daylight Time in the Province
  17. ^ Nunavut News/North "Nunavut to follow new seasonal time standard"

External links

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