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The Stretham steam pumping engine, built in 1831 by Butterley Company, was one of the largest beam engines in the Fens; at 15&nbsp;rpm it generated 105 horsepower lifting 30&nbsp;tons of water per revolution, or 450&nbsp;tons per minute.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ashby|first=Michael F|title=Engineering Materials 1:Case Study 3: fatigue of a cracked component&mdash;the safety of the Stretham engine|year=1980&ndash2005|publisher=Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=0750663804|pages=264&ndash;265|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mRGORB4lexcC|coauthors=David R H Jones|accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>
The Stretham steam pumping engine, built in 1831 by Butterley Company, was one of the largest beam engines in the Fens; at 15&nbsp;rpm it generated 105 horsepower lifting 30&nbsp;tons of water per revolution, or 450&nbsp;tons per minute.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ashby|first=Michael F|title=Engineering Materials 1:Case Study 3: fatigue of a cracked component&mdash;the safety of the Stretham engine|year=1980&ndash2005|publisher=Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=0750663804|pages=264&ndash;265|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mRGORB4lexcC|coauthors=David R H Jones|accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>


The river floods that began in mid-March 1947 affected over {{convert|1000|sqmi}} of England. Thirty counties were underwater for nearly two weeks, during the worst flooding for over 200&nbsp;years.<ref name=rms>{{Cite web | title = U.K. River Floods: 60-Year Retrospective| publisher = Risk Management Solutions | date = 2007 | url = http://www.rms.com/publications/1947_UKRiverFloods.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> Before the flooding, snow had been falling continuously since 23&nbsp;January, with drifts up to {{convert|23|ft}} deep in places. The winter of 1946–1947 had been very severe, with mean average temperatures 4&nbsp;°C (7&nbsp;°F) below normal, for that time of year.<ref name=met>{{Cite web | title = Serious snowfall in the winter of 1947 | work = Severe winters | publisher = Met Office | date = 2010 | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/teens/casestudy_severe_winters.html#p01 | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> As the thaw began in mid-March, the warmer weather brought heavy rains. The rain running off the frozen ground, combined with the thaw, overwhelmed multiple rivers in England and eastern Wales, which flooded. The pumping station at Chear Fen, near Stretham, ran only for a short time during the floods, when one of the boilers broke down completely and the other boiler could not raise pressure. In 1950, a new pumping station was opened.<ref name=lookingback>{{Cite web | last = Petty| first = Mike | title = Looking back stories:1950| work = Cambridgeshire & the fens | date = April 2009 | url = http://www.cambridgeshirehistory.com/MikePetty/ | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>
The river floods that began in mid-March 1947 affected over {{convert|1000|sqmi}} of England. Thirty counties were underwater for nearly two weeks, during the worst flooding for over 200&nbsp;years.<ref name=rms>{{Cite web | title = U.K. River Floods: 60-Year Retrospective| publisher = Risk Management Solutions | year = 2007 | url = http://www.rms.com/publications/1947_UKRiverFloods.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> Before the flooding, snow had been falling continuously since 23&nbsp;January, with drifts up to {{convert|23|ft}} deep in places. The winter of 1946–1947 had been very severe, with mean average temperatures 4&nbsp;°C (7&nbsp;°F) below normal, for that time of year.<ref name=met>{{Cite web | title = Serious snowfall in the winter of 1947 | work = Severe winters | publisher = Met Office | year = 2010 | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/teens/casestudy_severe_winters.html#p01 | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> As the thaw began in mid-March, the warmer weather brought heavy rains. The rain running off the frozen ground, combined with the thaw, overwhelmed multiple rivers in England and eastern Wales, which flooded. The pumping station at Chear Fen, near Stretham, ran only for a short time during the floods, when one of the boilers broke down completely and the other boiler could not raise pressure. In 1950, a new pumping station was opened.<ref name=lookingback>{{Cite web | last = Petty| first = Mike | title = Looking back stories:1950| work = Cambridgeshire & the fens | date = April 2009 | url = http://www.cambridgeshirehistory.com/MikePetty/ | accessdate = 30&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>


==Governance==
==Governance==
[[File:Stretham Old Engine.JPG|left|thumb|[[Stretham Old Engine]], alongside the River Great Ouse]]
[[File:Stretham Old Engine.JPG|left|thumb|[[Stretham Old Engine]], alongside the River Great Ouse]]
The [[Wards of the United Kingdom|ward]] of Stretham comprises three [[civil parish]]es, Stretham,<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Stretham CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | date = 2001 | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866234843&enc=1&areaSearchText=stretham&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas=| accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> [[Little Thetford|Thetford]],<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Thetford CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | date = 2001 | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866894906&enc=1&areaSearchText=cb6+3ye&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas= | accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> and [[Wilburton]],<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Wilburton CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | date = 2001 | url =http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866846812&enc=1&areaSearchText=wilburton&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas=| accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> each of which has an elected council. [[Parish councils in England|Parish council]] services include [[Bus stop|bus shelters]], [[Cemetery|cemeteries]], [[Equity sharing|shared equity]] housing, local planning consultation, play areas, village halls, and war memorials. Parish council meetings are held in the [[village hall]] situated in each civil parish.<ref name=ECDC>{{Cite book|title = Leaflet:Councillors, committees & meeting dates|publisher = East Cambridgeshire District Council|date=February 2010}}</ref>
The [[Wards of the United Kingdom|ward]] of Stretham comprises three [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]]es, Stretham,<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Stretham CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | year = 2001 | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866234843&enc=1&areaSearchText=stretham&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas=| accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> [[Little Thetford|Thetford]],<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Thetford CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | year = 2001 | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866894906&enc=1&areaSearchText=cb6+3ye&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas= | accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> and [[Wilburton]],<ref>{{Cite web | last = Office for National Statistics | authorlink = Office_for_National_Statistics | title = Area: Wilburton CP (Parish) | work = 2001 Census | publisher = Office for National Statistics | year = 2001 | url =http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1275866846812&enc=1&areaSearchText=wilburton&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas=| accessdate = 7 June 2010}}</ref> each of which has an elected council. [[Parish councils in England|Parish council]] services include [[Bus stop|bus shelters]], [[Cemetery|cemeteries]], [[Equity sharing|shared equity]] housing, local planning consultation, play areas, village halls, and war memorials. Parish council meetings are held in the [[village hall]] situated in each civil parish.<ref name=ECDC>{{Cite book|title = Leaflet:Councillors, committees & meeting dates|publisher = East Cambridgeshire District Council|date=February 2010}}</ref>


The civil parish councils were governed by [[Ely Rural District]] council from 1894 until 1974.<ref>A Vision of Britain [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10061520 Administrative unit:Ely RD:Local Government District]</ref> [[East Cambridgeshire|East Cambridgeshire District Council]] (ECDC) was formed in 1974 with administration buildings in Ely. The district council collects [[council tax]], provides services such as building regulations and local planning, leisure and tourism, handles issues strategic to the district, and many other services. ECDC is in turn governed by [[Cambridgeshire local elections|Cambridgeshire County Council]] which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, libraries and heritage, and strategic planning.<ref name=ECDC/> A mobile library visits the village every fortnight.<ref>{{Cite web|authorlink=Cambridgeshire County Council|title = Mobile libraries: Our service for small communities | publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council|date = 2010 | url = http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/leisure/libraries/access/mobile/| accessdate = 22&nbsp;June 2010}}</ref>
The civil parish councils were governed by [[Ely Rural District]] council from 1894 until 1974.<ref>A Vision of Britain [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10061520 Administrative unit:Ely RD:Local Government District]</ref> [[East Cambridgeshire|East Cambridgeshire District Council]] (ECDC) was formed in 1974 with administration buildings in Ely. The district council collects [[council tax]], provides services such as building regulations and local planning, leisure and tourism, handles issues strategic to the district, and many other services. ECDC is in turn governed by [[Cambridgeshire local elections|Cambridgeshire County Council]] which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, libraries and heritage, and strategic planning.<ref name=ECDC/> A mobile library visits the village every fortnight.<ref>{{Cite web|authorlink=Cambridgeshire County Council|title = Mobile libraries: Our service for small communities | publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council|year = 2010 | url = http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/leisure/libraries/access/mobile/| accessdate = 22&nbsp;June 2010}}</ref>


The parish is represented in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] as part of [[South East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South East Cambridgeshire]]. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the [[first past the post]] system of election. It is also part of the [[East of England (European Parliament constituency)|East of England constituency]] of the [[European Parliament]] which elects seven [[Members of the European Parliament|MEPs]] using the [[d'Hondt method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name=ECDC/>
The parish is represented in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] as part of [[South East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South East Cambridgeshire]]. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the [[first past the post]] system of election. It is also part of the [[East of England (European Parliament constituency)|East of England constituency]] of the [[European Parliament]] which elects seven [[Members of the European Parliament|MEPs]] using the [[d'Hondt method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name=ECDC/>
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}}
}}
=== Geology ===
=== Geology ===
The village is on an east-west running [[boulder clay]] (middle-[[Pleistocene]] [[till]]) [[ridge]] sitting on a belt of mainly [[Jurassic]] [[Kimmeridge Clay|Kimmerigian]] [[clay]]s running south-west from [[The Wash]]. To the east is a north-south running belt of geologically more recent Upper-[[Cretaceous]] [[Lower Greensand]] capped by Lower-Cretaceous [[Gault Clay]]; the whole area is surrounded by even more recent [[fen]] deposits. A rich layer of [[phosphate]] fossils, known locally as [[coprolite]] and [[Open-pit mining|mined]] for its [[fertiliser]] value, is to be found at the junction of Lower Greensand and Gault Clay. Further east is a north-east&mdash;south-west running belt of Cretaceous [[chalk]]. To the west, again running north-east&mdash;south-west, is a [[Fault scarp|scarp]] belt of middle-Jurassic [[sedimentary rock]]s including [[limestone]] and [[sandstone]].<ref>Darby (1940) p. 3 fig. 1</ref><ref>{{Cite map|publisher = Ordnance Survey |title = Geological Survey of Great Britain |edition = Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143{{ndash}} 1974 |section = Cambridge, Sheet 188 |date=1981 |accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>
The village is on an east-west running [[boulder clay]] (middle-[[Pleistocene]] [[till]]) [[ridge]] sitting on a belt of mainly [[Jurassic]] [[Kimmeridge Clay|Kimmerigian]] [[clay]]s running south-west from [[The Wash]]. To the east is a north-south running belt of geologically more recent Upper-[[Cretaceous]] [[Lower Greensand]] capped by Lower-Cretaceous [[Gault Clay]]; the whole area is surrounded by even more recent [[fen]] deposits. A rich layer of [[phosphate]] fossils, known locally as [[coprolite]] and [[Open-pit mining|mined]] for its [[fertiliser]] value, is to be found at the junction of Lower Greensand and Gault Clay. Further east is a north-east&mdash;south-west running belt of Cretaceous [[chalk]]. To the west, again running north-east&mdash;south-west, is a [[Fault scarp|scarp]] belt of middle-Jurassic [[sedimentary rock]]s including [[limestone]] and [[sandstone]].<ref>Darby (1940) p. 3 fig. 1</ref><ref>{{Cite map|publisher = Ordnance Survey |title = Geological Survey of Great Britain |edition = Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143{{ndash}} 1974 |section = Cambridge, Sheet 188 |year=1981 |accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>


The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about {{Convert|16|ft|m|0|abbr=off}} above sea-level. The highest point in the village is {{convert|53|ft|m|0}} above sea-level and the highest point in the area is {{convert|85|ft|m|0}} at Ely, three-mile ({{convert|4|mi|km|0|disp=output only}}) north-north-east.<ref name=boundary>{{Cite map |publisher = Ordnance Survey |title = Get-A-Map |url = http://getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap/frames.htm?mapAction=gaz&gazName=g&gazString=TL5123374792 |edition = 2010 1:25,000 Scale |section = TL512747GB |accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> In contrast, the highest point in Cambridgeshire, {{Convert|479|ft|m|0|abbr=off}} above sea-level, is at [[Great Chishill]], {{Convert|23|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} almost due south. [[Holme, Cambridgeshire|Holme]] at nine&nbsp;feet ({{Convert|9.02|ft|m|2|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) below sea-level is East Cambridgeshire's (and the United Kingdom's) lowest point, and is {{Convert|23|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} north-west.<ref>{{Cite news | title = UK's lowest spot is getting lower|location = England|page = 1|publisher = BBC|date = Friday, 29 November 2002|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2529365.stm|accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>
The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about {{Convert|16|ft|m|0|abbr=off}} above sea-level. The highest point in the village is {{convert|53|ft|m|0}} above sea-level and the highest point in the area is {{convert|85|ft|m|0}} at Ely, three-mile ({{convert|4|mi|km|0|disp=output only}}) north-north-east.<ref name=boundary>{{Cite map |publisher = Ordnance Survey |title = Get-A-Map |url = http://getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap/frames.htm?mapAction=gaz&gazName=g&gazString=TL5123374792 |edition = 2010 1:25,000 Scale |section = TL512747GB |accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> In contrast, the highest point in Cambridgeshire, {{Convert|479|ft|m|0|abbr=off}} above sea-level, is at [[Great Chishill]], {{Convert|23|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} almost due south. [[Holme, Cambridgeshire|Holme]] at nine&nbsp;feet ({{Convert|9.02|ft|m|2|abbr=on|disp=output only}}) below sea-level is East Cambridgeshire's (and the United Kingdom's) lowest point, and is {{Convert|23|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} north-west.<ref>{{Cite news | title = UK's lowest spot is getting lower|location = England|page = 1|publisher = BBC|date = Friday, 29 November 2002|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2529365.stm|accessdate = 28&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref>
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== Demography ==
== Demography ==
Stretham is in output area classification zones (CGM) one through five; mainly classified as type three-C, accessible countryside, though about one third of the area is classed as three-A, village life.<ref name=Geodmographics>{{Cite map| title = Geodmographic tool| work = Output Area Classification (OAC)| publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council | date = 2008 | url = http://map1.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/observe/Flash/OAC/atlas.html | format = Flash| accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> In both these classifications, most residents work from home employed in agriculture of fishing. The areas in this classification are less densely populated than other areas of the country. The usually detached households generally have two or more cars. Varied ethnic backgrounds are less likely in such areas.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Supergroup 3: Countryside| work = Cambridgeshire Atlas: Output Area Classification (OAC): Notes | publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council | date = 2008 | url = http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/area_classification/Cluster_Profiles/PDF/supergroup3.pdf | format = PDF | doi = | accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref><div class="center">
Stretham is in output area classification zones (CGM) one through five; mainly classified as type three-C, accessible countryside, though about one third of the area is classed as three-A, village life.<ref name=Geodmographics>{{Cite map| title = Geodmographic tool| work = Output Area Classification (OAC)| publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council | year = 2008 | url = http://map1.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/observe/Flash/OAC/atlas.html | format = Flash| accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref> In both these classifications, most residents work from home employed in agriculture of fishing. The areas in this classification are less densely populated than other areas of the country. The usually detached households generally have two or more cars. Varied ethnic backgrounds are less likely in such areas.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Supergroup 3: Countryside| work = Cambridgeshire Atlas: Output Area Classification (OAC): Notes | publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council | year = 2008 | url = http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/area_classification/Cluster_Profiles/PDF/supergroup3.pdf | format = PDF | doi = | accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}</ref><div class="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;"|'''Historical population of Stretham'''
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;"|'''Historical population of Stretham'''
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|-
|-
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>
Census: 1801{{ndash}} 2001<ref name="ECDC2001">{{Cite web|title = Historic Census Population Figures|publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council|date = 2010 | url = http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/C36C6418-DEFD-4ED1-B050-9984100DF110/0/HistCensusEastCambs0106.xls| format = XLS|accessdate = 25 July 2010}}</ref>
Census: 1801{{ndash}} 2001<ref name="ECDC2001">{{Cite web|title = Historic Census Population Figures|publisher = Cambridgeshire County Council|year = 2010 | url = http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/C36C6418-DEFD-4ED1-B050-9984100DF110/0/HistCensusEastCambs0106.xls| format = XLS|accessdate = 25 July 2010}}</ref>
</small>
</small>
|}
|}
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
;Bibliography
;Bibliography
* {{Cite web | title = Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record (CHER) | publisher = Heritage Gateway |date = 2006 | url = http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/ | accessdate = 26&nbsp;July 2010}}
* {{Cite web | title = Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record (CHER) | publisher = Heritage Gateway |year = 2006 | url = http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/ | accessdate = 26&nbsp;July 2010}}
* {{Cite book | last = Mills | first = A.D. | authorlink = | title = A dictionary of British place-names | publisher = Oxford University press | date = 1991, 1998| isbn = 0198527586}}
* {{Cite book | last = Mills | first = A.D. | authorlink = | title = A dictionary of British place-names | publisher = Oxford University press | date = 1991, 1998| isbn = 0198527586}}
* {{Cite book | last = Oppitz | first = Leslie | title = East Anglia railways remembered | publisher = Countryside Books, Newbury, Berkshire | date = 1989 | pages = 58–59 | isbn = 1853060402}}
* {{Cite book | last = Oppitz | first = Leslie | title = East Anglia railways remembered | publisher = Countryside Books, Newbury, Berkshire | year = 1989 | pages = 58–59 | isbn = 1853060402}}
* {{Cite book | title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB)|edition = online| publisher = Oxford Univeristy Press |date =2004{{ndash}}2010 | accessdate = 25&nbsp;July 2010}}{{subscription required}}
* {{Cite book | title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB)|edition = online| publisher = Oxford Univeristy Press |date =2004{{ndash}}2010 | accessdate = 25&nbsp;July 2010}}{{subscription required}}
* {{Cite book | title = Oxford English Dictionary (OED)|edition = online | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2010 | accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}{{subscription required}}
* {{Cite book | title = Oxford English Dictionary (OED)|edition = online | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2010 | accessdate = 27&nbsp;July 2010}}{{subscription required}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last = Pugh| editor-first = R.B. | coauthors = T.D. Atkinson, Ethel M. Hampson, E.T. Long, C.A.F. Meekings, Edward Miller, H.B. Wells, G.M.G. Woodgate | title = The Victoria History of the Counties of England: ''Cambridge and the isle of Ely''| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1953| volume = IV| url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=21908 | pages = 151–159}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last = Pugh| editor-first = R.B. | coauthors = T.D. Atkinson, Ethel M. Hampson, E.T. Long, C.A.F. Meekings, Edward Miller, H.B. Wells, G.M.G. Woodgate | title = The Victoria History of the Counties of England: ''Cambridge and the isle of Ely''| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1953| volume = IV| url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=21908 | pages = 151–159}}


Revision as of 20:33, 27 August 2010

This article is about the village in East Cambridgeshire, England. For the suburb of London, see Streatham.
Stretham
A windmill in Stretham
Area6.27 sq mi (16.2 km2) [1]
Population1,685 (2001 Census)
• Density269/sq mi (104/km2)
OS grid referenceTL513747
• London64 mi (103 km) S
Civil parish
  • Stretham
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townELY
Postcode districtCB6
Dialling code01353
PoliceCambridgeshire
FireCambridgeshire
AmbulanceEast of England
WebsiteECDC
List of places
UK
England
Cambridgeshire

Stretham /ˈstrɛtəm/[2] is a small village 4 miles (6 km) south-south-west of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England, about 74 miles (119 km) by road from London. Its main attraction is Stretham Old Engine, a steam-powered pump used to drain the fens, the pump is still in use today although converted to electric power, it has open days throughout the year.

History

Early 15th century.[3] This sketch by Sylvanus Urban (Pseud.) from The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle[4] 1832

The skeletal remains of a 130 million year old Upper Jurassic Pliosaur were discovered in a 5 feet (1.5 m) deep Kimmeridge Clay pit in the village in 1952 by workers of the Great Ouse River Board.[5] These carnivores could reach up to 65 feet (20 m) in length and pliosaur teeth are a common fossil; full skeletons are however rare.[6] This particular 23 feet (7 m) example was named Stretosaurus macromerus in honour of the village where it was found.[7][8]

Ethelwold and Brithnoth left their Stretham estates to Ely.[9] Stretham means homestead[10] or village[11] on a Roman road, old English strǣt plus hām;[12] the Domesday book records the village as Stradham: Abbot of Ely. Fisheries.[13]

Site of Royal Observer Corps (1936–1945) and Cold War (1962–1968) observation post.[14]

The Stretham steam pumping engine, built in 1831 by Butterley Company, was one of the largest beam engines in the Fens; at 15 rpm it generated 105 horsepower lifting 30 tons of water per revolution, or 450 tons per minute.[15]

The river floods that began in mid-March 1947 affected over 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of England. Thirty counties were underwater for nearly two weeks, during the worst flooding for over 200 years.[16] Before the flooding, snow had been falling continuously since 23 January, with drifts up to 23 feet (7.0 m) deep in places. The winter of 1946–1947 had been very severe, with mean average temperatures 4 °C (7 °F) below normal, for that time of year.[17] As the thaw began in mid-March, the warmer weather brought heavy rains. The rain running off the frozen ground, combined with the thaw, overwhelmed multiple rivers in England and eastern Wales, which flooded. The pumping station at Chear Fen, near Stretham, ran only for a short time during the floods, when one of the boilers broke down completely and the other boiler could not raise pressure. In 1950, a new pumping station was opened.[18]

Governance

Stretham Old Engine, alongside the River Great Ouse

The ward of Stretham comprises three civil parishes, Stretham,[19] Thetford,[20] and Wilburton,[21] each of which has an elected council. Parish council services include bus shelters, cemeteries, shared equity housing, local planning consultation, play areas, village halls, and war memorials. Parish council meetings are held in the village hall situated in each civil parish.[22]

The civil parish councils were governed by Ely Rural District council from 1894 until 1974.[23] East Cambridgeshire District Council (ECDC) was formed in 1974 with administration buildings in Ely. The district council collects council tax, provides services such as building regulations and local planning, leisure and tourism, handles issues strategic to the district, and many other services. ECDC is in turn governed by Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, libraries and heritage, and strategic planning.[22] A mobile library visits the village every fortnight.[24]

The parish is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of South East Cambridgeshire. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It is also part of the East of England constituency of the European Parliament which elects seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.[22]

Geography

Geology

The village is on an east-west running boulder clay (middle-Pleistocene till) ridge sitting on a belt of mainly Jurassic Kimmerigian clays running south-west from The Wash. To the east is a north-south running belt of geologically more recent Upper-Cretaceous Lower Greensand capped by Lower-Cretaceous Gault Clay; the whole area is surrounded by even more recent fen deposits. A rich layer of phosphate fossils, known locally as coprolite and mined for its fertiliser value, is to be found at the junction of Lower Greensand and Gault Clay. Further east is a north-east—south-west running belt of Cretaceous chalk. To the west, again running north-east—south-west, is a scarp belt of middle-Jurassic sedimentary rocks including limestone and sandstone.[25][26]

The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about 16 feet (5 metres) above sea-level. The highest point in the village is 53 feet (16 m) above sea-level and the highest point in the area is 85 feet (26 m) at Ely, three-mile (6 km) north-north-east.[27] In contrast, the highest point in Cambridgeshire, 479 feet (146 metres) above sea-level, is at Great Chishill, 23 miles (37 kilometres) almost due south. Holme at nine feet (2.75 m) below sea-level is East Cambridgeshire's (and the United Kingdom's) lowest point, and is 23 miles (37 kilometres) north-west.[28]

Boundaries

The eastern border is formed by the River Cam. The River Great Ouse forms the south-west border then, at the Stretham Ferry Bridge, cuts through the south-eastern corner joining the River Cam at the north-east corner of the village. The A10 road crosses the River Great Ouse at close to the Stretham Ferry Bridge at the southern border of the village then, running firstly due north, cuts the village in half running north-east on towards Little Thetford then Ely. Newmarket road, in this area the west-east running A1123 from Huntingdon, joins the village coming from the west out of Wilburton through the village crossing the River Great Ouse at Gravel Farm then on towards Wicken.

Climate

The average annual rainfall of 24 inches (600 mm) makes Cambridgeshire one of the driest counties in the British Isles. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.[29] Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office.[30] The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge.[31]

Climate data for Cambridge (1971–2000 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 44.6
(7.0) 		45.3
(7.4) 		50.4
(10.2) 		54.7
(12.6) 		61.7
(16.5) 		66.9
(19.4) 		72.0
(22.2) 		72.1
(22.3) 		66.0
(18.9) 		58.3
(14.6) 		49.8
(9.9) 		46.0
(7.8) 		57.4
(14.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 34.3
(1.3) 		34.0
(1.1) 		37.2
(2.9) 		39.2
(4.0) 		44.1
(6.7) 		49.6
(9.8) 		53.6
(12.0) 		53.4
(11.9) 		50.2
(10.1) 		44.8
(7.1) 		38.7
(3.7) 		36.1
(2.3) 		43.0
(6.1)
Average rainfall inches (mm) 1.77
(45.0) 		1.29
(32.7) 		1.63
(41.5) 		1.70
(43.1) 		1.75
(44.5) 		2.12
(53.8) 		1.50
(38.2) 		1.92
(48.8) 		2.01
(51.0) 		2.12
(53.8) 		2.01
(51.1) 		1.97
(50.0) 		21.79
(553.5)
Source: Met Office

Demography

Stretham is in output area classification zones (CGM) one through five; mainly classified as type three-C, accessible countryside, though about one third of the area is classed as three-A, village life.[32] In both these classifications, most residents work from home employed in agriculture of fishing. The areas in this classification are less densely populated than other areas of the country. The usually detached households generally have two or more cars. Varied ethnic backgrounds are less likely in such areas.[33]

Historical population of Stretham
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901
Population 636 697 875 916 1107 1231 1156 1145 1076 1055 1000
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 961 897 993 [nb 1] 970 1009 990 1197 1439 1685 –

Census: 1801– 2001[1]

Notable buildings

Main article: St James' Church, Stretham

To the east of the 12th century site of St James' Church[34] stands an early 15th century cross[35] "...the most perfect surviving example in the country.";[36] it was restored in 1910.[37] Parts of St James's Church are 14th century though it was heavily restored in the 19th century. Monuments include a tomb lid with an inscription which refers to Nicholas de Kyngestone, rector late 13th century; a brass to Joan Swan, 1497; a black marble slab for Anne Brunsell, 1667, wife of a rector, and sister of Sir Christopher Wren.[38] The church is part of the Ely team ministry along with the nearby St George's Church, Little Thetford.[39]

Also a pub called the Red Lion and a village store with Post Office.[citation needed]

Transport

The village was once served by a railway station on the Ely and St Ives Railway. The line between Ely station and Sutton was opened 16 April 1866 under Great Eastern Railway (GER) operation. On 10 May 1878 the line was completed when the Needingworth junction, on the St Ives to March line, was linked to the Ely–St Ives branch. Although passenger traffic was always poor; the line closed to passengers 22 February 1931, seasonal freight traffic of sugar-beet and fruit kept the line going until it finally closed 5 October 1964.[40] The new bridge for the A10 at Stretham Ferry was constructed in 1975 diverting the road over the River Great Ouse at Chear Lode.[41]

Education

Stretham is home to a thriving primary school

Notable people

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ No census 1941 due to WWII
Notes
  1. ^ a b "Historic Census Population Figures" (XLS). Cambridgeshire County Council. 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  2. ^ Locally, the /t/ is a glottal stop as in Stre'am (locally /ˈstrɛʔəm/ or even locally /ˈstrɛʔm/)
  3. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England.
  4. ^ Urban, Sylvanus (1832). The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review. p. 108. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  5. ^ "Prehistoric Find at Stretham". The Ely Standard and Cambridgeshire Times. Friday 13 June 1952. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Wroot, Sarah (2000). Stretham Geology. Cambridgeshire Heritage Associates.
  7. ^ Tarlo, L B (1959). "Stretosaurus Gen. Nov., A Giant Pliosaur from the Kimmeridge Clay". Palaeontology. 2 (1): 39–55.
  8. ^ Ely Standard (1952) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Plesiosaurus remains, Stretham
  9. ^ Pugh (ed)(1953) p. 152 col 2
  10. ^ OED (2010) Homestead: "The place (town, village, etc.) in which one's dwelling is"
  11. ^ OED (2010) Village: "A collection of dwelling-houses and other buildings, forming a centre of habitation in a country district"
  12. ^ Mills (1991) Stretham
  13. ^ "Cambridgeshire, Stretham". The Domesday Book Online. 1999–2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ Osborne (2002) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Royal Observer Corps Post, Stretham
  15. ^ Ashby, Michael F (1980&ndash2005). Engineering Materials 1:Case Study 3: fatigue of a cracked component—the safety of the Stretham engine. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 264–265. ISBN 0750663804. Retrieved 1 August 2010. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  16. ^ "U.K. River Floods: 60-Year Retrospective" (PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ "Serious snowfall in the winter of 1947". Severe winters. Met Office. 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  18. ^ Petty, Mike (April 2009). "Looking back stories:1950". Cambridgeshire & the fens. Retrieved 30 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  19. ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). "Area: Stretham CP (Parish)". 2001 Census. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  20. ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). "Area: Thetford CP (Parish)". 2001 Census. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  21. ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). "Area: Wilburton CP (Parish)". 2001 Census. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  22. ^ a b c Leaflet:Councillors, committees & meeting dates. East Cambridgeshire District Council. February 2010.
  23. ^ A Vision of Britain Administrative unit:Ely RD:Local Government District
  24. ^ "Mobile libraries: Our service for small communities". Cambridgeshire County Council. 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  25. ^ Darby (1940) p. 3 fig. 1
  26. ^ Geological Survey of Great Britain (Map) (Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143– 1974 ed.). Ordnance Survey. 1981. § Cambridge, Sheet 188. {{cite map}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  27. ^ Get-A-Map (Map) (2010 1:25,000 Scale ed.). Ordnance Survey. § TL512747GB. Retrieved 28 July 2010. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  28. ^ "UK's lowest spot is getting lower". England: BBC. Friday, 29 November 2002. p. 1. Retrieved 28 July 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  29. ^ Greig (1998) p. 305
  30. ^ "Forecast:East of England". UK Climate Forecasts. Retrieved 28 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  31. ^ "Historical Data:Regional:Cambridge NIAB". UK Climate Summaries. Retrieved 28 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  32. ^ "Geodmographic tool" (Flash) (Map). Output Area Classification (OAC). Cambridgeshire County Council. 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2010. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  33. ^ "Supergroup 3: Countryside" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Atlas: Output Area Classification (OAC): Notes. Cambridgeshire County Council. 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ Pigot (1875) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Saint James' Church, Stretham (12 century to Modern—1101–2050 AD)
  35. ^ Rutler (1947) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Village Cross, Stretham (Medieval 1066–1539 AD)
  36. ^ Pugh (ed)(1953) p. 152 col 1
  37. ^ Kelly, Lindsay A (1929). Cambridgeshire:Stretham. Kelly's Directories. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  38. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1970). 2 (ed.). The buildings of England: Cambridgeshire. Penguin Books. p. 462. ISBN 0140710108. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |editor= has numeric name (help)
  39. ^ Shaw, Tony (?), The Friends of St. George's Church, Leaflet {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Oppitz (1989) pp. 58–59
  41. ^ Petty, Mike (April 2009). "Looking back stories:Cambridgeshire News, Wednesday 27 July 1975". Cambridgeshire & the fens. Retrieved 16 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  42. ^ Owen (2004) ODNB Hervey (subscription required)
  43. ^ Wright (2004) ODNB John Parker (subscription required)
  44. ^  Shaw, William Arthur (1896). "Ridley, Lancelot". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 48. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  45. ^ James Gairdner, James (1908). Lollardy and the Reformation in England: An Historical Survey: Book III The fall of the monasteries. p. 359. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  46. ^ Shaw (2004) ODNB Lancelot Ridley (subscription required)
  47. ^ Stone (2004) ODNB Mark Ridley (subscription required)
  48. ^ Wolffe (2004) ODNB Ralph Brownrigg (subscription required)
  49. ^ Harris (2004) ODNB Henry Hervey Baber (subscription required)
  50. ^ Hills (2004) ODNB Joseph Glynn (subscription required)
  51. ^ Boase (2004) ODNB Philip Freeman (subscription required)
  52. ^ Vetch (2004) ODNB Sir George Harry Smith Willis (subscription required)
Bibliography

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