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[[PolitiFact|PolitiFact.com]] called Palin's use of the death panel term the "Lie of the Year",<ref name="LieOfTheYear"/> but Palin explained she had employed it as a [[metaphor]] for reduced access and diminished quality of care that she believed would follow the enactment of the federal legislation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=213042303434&id=24718773587&ref=nf |title=Midnight Votes, Backroom Deals, and a Death Panel |first=Sarah |last=Palin |authorlink=Sarah Palin |date=December 22, 2009 |publisher=[[Facebook]] |doi= |accessdate= December 14, 2010}}</ref>
[[PolitiFact|PolitiFact.com]] called Palin's use of the death panel term the "Lie of the Year",<ref name="LieOfTheYear"/> but Palin explained she had employed it as a [[metaphor]] for reduced access and diminished quality of care that she believed would follow the enactment of the federal legislation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=213042303434&id=24718773587&ref=nf |title=Midnight Votes, Backroom Deals, and a Death Panel |first=Sarah |last=Palin |authorlink=Sarah Palin |date=December 22, 2009 |publisher=[[Facebook]] |doi= |accessdate= December 14, 2010}}</ref>


The [[American Dialect Society]], a group English language scholars, defined death panel in January 2010 as a "supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die".<ref name=adspr /> Benjamin W. Corn, a physician specializing in the treatment of cancer, wrote that <!--(Commenting out repetitious material)the term had "come to connote a theoretical body that determines which patients deserve to live when health care is rationed", and concluded that-->controversy over the term death panel, showed that a national dialogue was needed on end of life issues.<ref name=phobia/>
The [[American Dialect Society]], a group of English language scholars, defined death panel in January 2010 as a "supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die".<ref name=adspr /> Benjamin W. Corn, a physician specializing in the treatment of cancer, wrote that <!--(Commenting out repetitious material)the term had "come to connote a theoretical body that determines which patients deserve to live when health care is rationed", and concluded that-->controversy over the term death panel, showed that a national dialogue was needed on end of life issues.<ref name=phobia/>


==Prelude==
==Prelude==
Line 58: Line 58:
===Rationing and defense of the term===
===Rationing and defense of the term===
{{Expand section|date=December 2010}}
{{Expand section|date=December 2010}}
The ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'' reported that some Republicans used the term to discuss government rationing of health care services.<ref>{{cite news |title='Death panel' controversy remains very much alive; Even some conservatives call the issue bogus. Meanwhile, the healthcare debate shifts to 'rationing.' |author=Peter Grier |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date= August 21, 2009 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2009/0821/death-panel-controversy-remains-very-much-alive}}</ref> [[Newt Gingrich]] called Palin's language "explosive", but said her premise on rationing was correct, and that the proposed bill was "all but certain to lead to rationing".<ref name=Newt>{{cite news |title=Healthcare rationing: Real scary; Concerns about government bureaucracies gaining oversight of your treatment are not misplaced. We need reforms, but the answer is not central planning. |author=[[Newt Gingrich]] |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 16, 2009|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/16/opinion/oe-gingrich16}}</ref> Gingrich admitted that while there was nothing proposed that would institute government rationing of health care, the proposed bill was "all but certain to lead to rationing".<ref name=Newt/> An editorial in The ''[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]]'' predicted that "[w]hile there will be no federal board that will vote to kill patients, there will be extensive rationing that will, inevitably, lead to the same result".<ref>{{cite news |title='Death panels' by another name |newspaper=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |date=August 19, 2009 |page=B.7}}</ref>
The ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'' reported that some Republicans used the term to discuss government rationing of health care services.<ref>{{cite news |title='Death panel' controversy remains very much alive; Even some conservatives call the issue bogus. Meanwhile, the healthcare debate shifts to 'rationing.' |author=Peter Grier |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date= August 21, 2009 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2009/0821/death-panel-controversy-remains-very-much-alive}}</ref> [[Newt Gingrich]] called Palin's language "explosive", but said her premise on rationing was correct.<ref name=Newt>{{cite news |title=Healthcare rationing: Real scary; Concerns about government bureaucracies gaining oversight of your treatment are not misplaced. We need reforms, but the answer is not central planning. |author=[[Newt Gingrich]] |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 16, 2009|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/16/opinion/oe-gingrich16}}</ref> Gingrich said that while technically, the proposed legislation did not provide for government rationing of health care, the legislation was "all but certain to lead to rationing".<ref name=Newt/> An editorial in The ''[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]]'' predicted that "[w]hile there will be no federal board that will vote to kill patients, there will be extensive rationing that will, inevitably, lead to the same result".<ref>{{cite news |title='Death panels' by another name |newspaper=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |date=August 19, 2009 |page=B.7}}</ref>


[[Brendan Nyhan]] wrote that although "Obama's plan might lead to more restrictive rationing than already occurs under the current health care system, that hardly justifies suggestions that reform legislation would create a 'death panel' that would deny care to individual seniors or disabled people".<ref name=Nyhan/> Michael F. Cannon wrote that "[p]aying doctors to help seniors sort out their preferences for end-of-life care is consumer-directed rationing, not bureaucratic rationing".<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael F. Cannon|url=http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10467|title=Sorry Folks, Sarah Palin Is (Partly) Right|work=The Detroit Free Press|date=August 19, 2009|publisher=reprinted by the [[Cato Institute]]|accessdate= December 7, 2010}}</ref>
[[Brendan Nyhan]] wrote that although "Obama's plan might lead to more restrictive rationing than already occurs under the current health care system, that hardly justifies suggestions that reform legislation would create a 'death panel' that would deny care to individual seniors or disabled people".<ref name=Nyhan/> Michael F. Cannon wrote that "[p]aying doctors to help seniors sort out their preferences for end-of-life care is consumer-directed rationing, not bureaucratic rationing".<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael F. Cannon|url=http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10467|title=Sorry Folks, Sarah Palin Is (Partly) Right|work=The Detroit Free Press|date=August 19, 2009|publisher=reprinted by the [[Cato Institute]]|accessdate= December 7, 2010}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:01, 20 December 2010

Sarah Palin

"Death panels" is a term coined in August 2009 on the Facebook page of former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin suggesting that health care legislation being debated in the U.S. Congress contained a rationing provision for seniors and the disabled, though there was no such term or explicit provision in the bill.[1] The term quickly gained popularity among opponents of the legislation.

PolitiFact.com called Palin's use of the death panel term the "Lie of the Year",[2] but Palin explained she had employed it as a metaphor for reduced access and diminished quality of care that she believed would follow the enactment of the federal legislation.[3]

The American Dialect Society, a group of English language scholars, defined death panel in January 2010 as a "supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die".[4] Benjamin W. Corn, a physician specializing in the treatment of cancer, wrote that controversy over the term death panel, showed that a national dialogue was needed on end of life issues.[5]

Prelude

Betsy McCaughey

Betsy McCaughey, a health care analyst who came to political prominence after she helped defeat the Clinton health care plan of 1993,[6][7][8] "got the ball rolling" in July and August 2009 when she called the bill "a vicious assault on elderly people" that will "cut your life short".[9] McCaughey was joined in spreading the idea by other pundits and conservative media that had had helped defeat the Clinton era legislation, including The Washington Times and The American Spectator.[6] McCaughey also claimed that presidential advisor Dr. Ezekiel J. Emanuel believed 'medical care should be reserved for the nondisabled'", which, according to The New York Times, helped inspire Palin who is the parent of a disabled child.[10]

Coining

On August 7, Palin coined the term on her Facebook page[11][5] stating:

The Democrats promise that a government health care system will reduce the cost of health care, but as the economist Thomas Sowell has pointed out, government health care will not reduce the cost; it will simply refuse to pay the cost. And who will suffer the most when they ration care? The sick, the elderly, and the disabled, of course. The America I know and love is not one in which my parents or my baby with Down Syndrome will have to stand in front of Obama's 'death panel' so his bureaucrats can decide, based on a subjective judgment of their 'level of productivity in society,' whether they are worthy of health care. Such a system is downright evil.[8][12]

Palin explained she came up with the phrase while she was reading the bill. She said it became very obvious to her that a panel of bureaucrats would be needed and she concluded that because, "health care would have to be rationed if it were promised to everyone, it would therefore lead to harm for many individuals not able to receive the government care. That leads, of course, to death."[13] An Institute for Southern Studies article claimed that Palin was misinformed on the bill and that she had gotten her information from talking points composed by the Liberty Counsel, a conservative Christian group.[14][15]

Provision in the bill

When asked exactly what part of the proposed legislation[16] mandated death panels, Palin's spokeperson pointed to H.R. 3200 Advance Care Planning Consultation page 425.[17] The provision would have allowed physicians to receive payment from Medicare for voluntary counseling with patients and family members regarding end-of-life issues. The counseling would cover topics such as making living wills, enabling a close relative or a trusted friend to make health care decisions, hospice as an option for the terminally ill, and information about pain medications for chronic discomfort. The sessions would have been covered by Medicare every five years or more frequently for patients that became gravely ill.[18]

The controversial provision was inserted in the bill by Democratic lawmakers at the behest of LaCross Wisconsin hospitals that had created a program to get people who were not critically ill, to think about and choose the treatments they would want at the end of life.[19][20] It was thought that more patients would ask for this service, if the counseling sessions were paid for by Medicare.[19][20]

Use of the term

A death panel sign with a Nazi reference at a Rep. Carol Shea-Porter town hall meeting

Health law and bioethics expert George J. Annas wrote that "Make believe 'death panels' that would 'pull the plug on grandma' were used as a rhetorical device" to oppose health care reform in 2009 and to block rational discussion of end of life medical care.[21] According to The Economist, the phrase death panels was used as an "outrageous allegation" to confront politicians at town hall meetings during the August 2009 congressional recess.[22]

Psychiatrist Paul Kettl noted that the attention-catching phrase death panels became a lightening rod for several objections to the health care bill.[23] According to The New York Times, the term became a standard slogan among many conservatives opposed to the Obama administration’s health care overhaul, [11] The British paper, The Telegraph noted that some critics of the U.S. reform applied the term death panels to Britain's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, which uses cost-effectiveness analysis to determine whether new treatments and drugs should be available to those covered by the NHI.[24]

Reactions

Physicians

David Casarett, a physician and bioethicist who focuses on the care of dying patients[25] was mystified by the talk about death panels and pulling the plug on grandma. Casarett told NPR, "It bears really no resemblance to what's in the provision of the health-care reform bill. What's in the health-care reform bill is in general, text that I think most Americans and certainly all of my patients would support."[26]

Dr. Atul Gawande, a surgeon who also writes about medicine, told NPR that end of life conversations in the health reform bill "got mutated into" being described as death panels, but that at the time, he thought it was a kind of ridiculous political exaggeration, that was "bound to happen".[27]

Writing in The Journal of the American Medical Association, geriatric psychiatrist Paul Kettl said he was not opposed to the term death panels, but would define them as the "originally proposed .... periodic discussions about advance directives that Medicare would pay for as medical visits."[23]

Dr. Benjamin W. Corn, a cancer specialist and supporter of end of life doctor-patient discussions, said that even though health care reform was being debated, "thought leaders have been remarkably reticent with respect to ... end-of-life care."[5] Corn also said that the death panels controversy showed Americans were uneasy discussing topics related to the dying process and he argued that certain issues, "must be confronted squarely", including whether experimental therapies should be reimbursed, the possible expansion of hospices, restoring dignity to the process of dying, and guidelines for physician assisted suicide.[5]

Politicians

U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski (Republican-Alaska) told a crowd in Anchorage in August 2009, "It does us no good to incite fear in people by saying that there's these end-of-life provisions, these death panels". She added, "There is no reason to gin up fear in the American public by saying things that are not included in the bill".[28]

In a July 2010 National Public Radio segment entitled "The Politics Of Anger", U.S. Representative Bob Inglis, (Republican-South Carolina) said, "I think it's never a good strategy to travel on misinformation. Talking about death panels when there are no death panels is a disservice to the country and, long-term, to the conservative movement."[29]

Others

Journalist Paul Waldman of left-leaning The American Prospect, characterized Palin's claim that the health care bill provided for death panels as an "extremely pernicious" political lie about a policy "that had definite effects", which resulted in the provision for end of life planning being removed from the bill. He added that the "whole death panel argument almost brought down the whole bill".[30]

Sarah Palin

In a September 2009 Hong Kong speech, Palin said the term was "intended to sound a warning about the rationing that is sure to follow if big government tries to simultaneously increase health care coverage while also claiming to decrease costs".[31] In November 2009 Palin acknowledged that none of the health care bills included the actual word pair, but she said that Obama was "incorrect" and "disingenuous" when he called the death panel charge "a lie, plain and simple".[32] Palin explained that the term should not be taken literally, likening it to when President Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union, the "Evil Empire". [13] "He got his point across. He got people thinking and researching what he was talking about. It was quite effective. Same thing with the 'death panels.' I would characterize them like that again, in a heartbeat", she said.[13]

Nearly one year later, Palin defended her use of the term, implying that what she had predicted was now occurring:

I was about laughed out of town for bringing to light what I call death panels, because there's going to be faceless bureaucrats who will — based on cost analysis and some subjective idea on somebody's level of productivity in life.... call the shots as to whether your loved one will be able to receive health care or not. To me, death panel. I called it like I saw it, and people didn't like it.[33]

Rationing and defense of the term

The Christian Science Monitor reported that some Republicans used the term to discuss government rationing of health care services.[34] Newt Gingrich called Palin's language "explosive", but said her premise on rationing was correct.[35] Gingrich said that while technically, the proposed legislation did not provide for government rationing of health care, the legislation was "all but certain to lead to rationing".[35] An editorial in The Chattanooga Times Free Press predicted that "[w]hile there will be no federal board that will vote to kill patients, there will be extensive rationing that will, inevitably, lead to the same result".[36]

Brendan Nyhan wrote that although "Obama's plan might lead to more restrictive rationing than already occurs under the current health care system, that hardly justifies suggestions that reform legislation would create a 'death panel' that would deny care to individual seniors or disabled people".[8] Michael F. Cannon wrote that "[p]aying doctors to help seniors sort out their preferences for end-of-life care is consumer-directed rationing, not bureaucratic rationing".[37]

Impact

In the wake of the 'death panel' controversy, Atul Gawande, a physician who writes on health care topics for The New Yorker, was asked to refrain from writing about palliative care by physicians who were concerned the article might be manipulated to create another political controversy—and as a result, hurt their profession. [38][39]

James Morone said the term played a role in Democrats' losing control of the public debate. He characterized the claims of government death panels as a "variation on the old cry of 'socialized medicine'" and said they "were pungent, memorable, simple, and effective".[40] Nyhan wrote that "opponents of reform became inflamed by the claim".[8]

Morone wrote that "the Democrats tried to deny charges, bypassing the underlying fears of big government and focusing on the facts. They pointed out that the proposed reforms didn’t constitute a government takeover of the health system".[40] "The administration also was seemingly unprepared for the intense opposition and fury that erupted during town-hall meetings in the summer of 2009. The Democrats' focus group–tested mantra of 'quality, affordable health care' was drowned out by Republicans' false warnings of 'death panels' and a 'government takeover'",[41] writes Johnathan Oberlander, a professor of Social Medicine and Health Policy & Management at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.[42] Meanwhile, the White House was not able to offer a "persuasive narrative to counter the Tea Party percussion", and "struggled to recapture public attention", contributing to Scott Brown's election, writes Morone.[40] A TIME article wrote that "a single phrase—'death panels'—nearly derailed health care reform".[43]

By mid-August 2009, the Pew Research Center reported that 86% of Americans had heard of the "death panels" charge.[8] Out of those who had heard the charge, 30% of people thought it was true while 20% did not know.[8] For Republicans, 47% thought it was true while 23% did not know.[8] In September 2010, six months after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, a BBC article stated that among the "sticky charges" that had stuck against the bill was the false charge of "government 'death panels' deciding who can get what sort of care".[44]

Bishop et al. authored "Reviving the conversation around CPR/DNR" published in the January 2010 issue of the American Journal of Bioethics.[45] Scripko and Greer commented that while

Bishop and colleagues accurately describe the strength of the American culture that drives fighting death ... they fail to emphasize the resistance that is likely to be met should we present our efforts for change as trying to overhaul policies regarding end of life decisions.[46]

Bishop et al. replied that this was cautioning them

to be very careful in how we address the quest for immortality implicit in US culture, a culture of 'life-at-all costs' that medical technology has advanced. They seem to suggest, without saying so, that land mines of 'death panels' await us.[47]

Lie and word of the year

PolitiFact.com gave Palin's term its highest rating—"Pants on Fire!"—on August 10[48] and on December 19 it was named "Lie of the Year" for 2009.[2][49][50] "Death panel" was named the most outrageous word of 2009 by the American Dialect Society.[51] The definition was given as "A supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die".[4][51]

Continued use

Palin used the term in a joke while speaking at the 2009 Gridiron Club dinner, saying "It is good to be here and in front of this audience of leading journalists and intellectuals. Or, as I call it, a death panel."[52][53]

In September 2010, Palin reused the term in a strongly worded Facebook posting.[54]

In October 2010, The Philadelphia Inquirer highlighted the term in its "The Week in Words" article[55] after Barney Frank said the only death panels created by congressional Democrats were for troubled financial institutions under the authority of the Dodd–Frank Bill.[56] In the same month, Palin defended using the term in its original context.[33]

In November 2010, Paul Krugman used the term on This Week, and later opined about his comments.[57]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ezra Klein (August 10, 2009). "Is the Government Going to Euthanize your Grandmother? An Interview With Sen. Johnny Isakson". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  2. ^ a b "PolitiFact's Lie of the Year: 'Death panels'". Politifact.com. December 19, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  3. ^ Palin, Sarah (December 22, 2009). "Midnight Votes, Backroom Deals, and a Death Panel". Facebook. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  4. ^ a b "'Tweet' 2009 Word of the Year, 'Google' Word of the Decade, as voted by American Dialect Society" (PDF). American Dialect Society. January 8, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d Corn BW (2009). "Ending end-of-life phobia — a prescription for enlightened health care reform". N. Engl. J. Med. 361 (27): e63. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0909740. PMID 20018960. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ a b Jim Rutenberg and Jackie Calmes (August 13, 2010). "False 'Death Panel' Rumor Has Some Familiar Roots". The New York Times.
  7. ^ Dwyer, Jim (August 25, 2009). "Distortions on Health Bill, Homegrown". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Brendan Nyhan (2010). "Why the "Death Panel" Myth Wouldn't Die: Misinformation in the Health Care Reform Debate" (PDF). The Forum. 8 (1). Berkeley Electronic Press. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1354.
  9. ^ David Saltonstall (August 13, 2009). "Ex-pol goes for the jugular. Former Lt. Gov. McCaughey leads 'death panel' charge". New York Daily News. p. 5.
  10. ^ Jim Rutenberg (September 4, 2009). "Resurfacing, a Critic Stirs Up Debate Over Health Care". The New York Times.
  11. ^ a b Mark Leibovich (September 12, 2010). "The Wish for a Conservative Dream Duo". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Death panel, end-of-life become hot topics in U.S. health care reform debate". Xinhua News Agency. August 13, 2009.
  13. ^ a b c Lowry, Rich (November 17, 2009). "The Rogue, on the Record". National Review.
  14. ^ Sue Sturgis (August 11, 2009). "Far-right religious group behind 'death panels' myth linked to other health reform distortions". Facing South. Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  15. ^ David R. Francis (October 27, 2010). "'Obamacare' tackles health care costs. Will Congress?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  16. ^ America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 (PDF) Library of Congress. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  17. ^ Tapper, Jake (August 7, 2009). "Palin Paints Picture of 'Obama Death Panel' Giving Thumbs Down to Trig". abcnews.com. ABC News. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
  18. ^ Kim Underwood, Richard Craver (August 13, 2009). "Seeing through the myths of a health-care overhaul". Winston-Salem Journal. Associated Press. p. A.1.
  19. ^ a b "Intrepid Reporter Faces, Survives 'Death Panel'". NPR's Heath Blogs. National Public Radio. November 16, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help)
  20. ^ a b Alec MacGillis (4 September 2009). "In Wisconsin, A Pioneering Program; The Unwitting Birthplace of the 'Death Panel' Myth". The Washington Post.
  21. ^ George J. Annas (2010). Worst case bioethics: death, disaster, and public health. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 019539173X.
  22. ^ "United States: Friend or foe?; The politics of health reform". The Economist. 392 (8644): 24. August 15, 2009.
  23. ^ a b Kettl P (2010). "One Vote for Death Panels". JAMA. 303 (13): 1234–5. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.376. PMID 20371773. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  24. ^ Nick Allen and Andrew Hough (August 16, 2010). "US breast cancer drug decision 'marks start of death panels'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved December 17, 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ David Jonathan Casarett: Description of Bioethics Expertise University of Pennsylvania Center of Bioethics. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  26. ^ "Doctor On End-Of-Life Care" (Interview). All Things Considered. August 18, 2009. NPR.
  27. ^ "Dr. Atul Gawande: Make End Of Life More Humane" (Interview). Fresh Air. NPR. July, 29 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Lisa Demer (August 12, 2009). "Murkowski: Don't tell lies about health bill; Some things in the legislation are already bad enough, she says at civic center". Anchorage Daily News. p. A.1.
  29. ^ "The Politics Of Anger". NPR. July 18, 2010.
  30. ^ "Political Lies and the Press". On the Media. October 15, 2010. NPR. WNYC.
  31. ^ Alex Frangos and Tatiana Lau (September 23, 2009). "Excerpts of Sarah Palin's Speech to Investors in Hong Kong". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  32. ^ Goldberg, Alan B.; Thomson, Katie N. (November 16, 2009). "Sarah Palin: I Want to Play a Major Role in National Politics, 'If People Will Have Me' Former Alaska Gov. Tells Barbara Walters President Obama is "Incorrect" and "Disingenuous" on "Death Panels"". ABC News. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
  33. ^ a b Chris Good (October 12, 2010). "Sarah Palin Is Back on the Death Panels". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  34. ^ Peter Grier (August 21, 2009). "'Death panel' controversy remains very much alive; Even some conservatives call the issue bogus. Meanwhile, the healthcare debate shifts to 'rationing.'". Christian Science Monitor.
  35. ^ a b Newt Gingrich (August 16, 2009). "Healthcare rationing: Real scary; Concerns about government bureaucracies gaining oversight of your treatment are not misplaced. We need reforms, but the answer is not central planning". Los Angeles Times.
  36. ^ "'Death panels' by another name". Chattanooga Times Free Press. August 19, 2009. p. B.7.
  37. ^ Michael F. Cannon (August 19, 2009). "Sorry Folks, Sarah Palin Is (Partly) Right". The Detroit Free Press. reprinted by the Cato Institute. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
  38. ^ Atul Gawande (August 2, 2010). "Letting Go: What should medicine do when it can't save your life?". The New Yorker.
  39. ^ "New Studies in Palliative Care". The Diane Rehm Show. August 24, 2010. 21 minutes in. NPR. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ a b c James A. Morone (2010). "Presidents and health reform: from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (6): 1096–100. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0420. PMID 20530336. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  41. ^ Jonathan Oberlander (2010). "Long time coming: why health reform finally passed". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (6): 1112–6. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0447. PMID 20530339. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  42. ^ "Jonathan Oberlander — Dept. of Social Medicine". University of North Carolina School of Medicine. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  43. ^ Michael Scherer (March 4, 2010). "The White House Scrambles to Tame the News Cyclone". TIME. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  44. ^ Katie Connolly (September 22, 2010). "Why healthcare reform has been a tough sell". BBC News. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
  45. ^ Bishop JP, Brothers KB, Perry JE, Ahmad A (2010). "Reviving the conversation around CPR/DNR". Am J Bioeth. 10 (1): 61–7. doi:10.1080/15265160903469328. PMID 20077345. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ Scripko PD, Greer DM (2010). "Practical considerations for reviving the CPR/DNR conversation". Am J Bioeth. 10 (1): 74–5. doi:10.1080/15265160903460889. PMID 20077349. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  47. ^ Bishop JP, Brothers KB, Perry JE, Ahmad A (2010). "Finite knowledge/finite power: 'death panels' and the limits of medicine". Am J Bioeth. 10 (1): W7–9. doi:10.1080/15265160903493070. PMID 20077324. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ "Sarah Palin falsely claims Barack Obama runs a 'death panel'". PolitiFact.com. August 10, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  49. ^ Susan Davis (December 22, 2009). "Palin's 'Death Panels' Charge Named 'Lie of the Year'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  50. ^ "The Year In Lies". All Things Considered. NPR. December 18, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  51. ^ a b Charles E. Carson (2010). "Among the new words". American Speech. 85 (3). American Dialect Society: 352–65. doi:10.1215/00031283-2010-020.
  52. ^ Van Susteren, Greta (December 6, 2009). "GOV PALIN: "GOING FUNNY" (ROGUE?)". Fox News. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  53. ^ Andrew Clark (December 6, 2009). "It's the way she tells them: Sarah Palin jokes with journalists". The Guardian. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  54. ^ Juli Weiner (September 24, 2010). "Words That Shaped the Week: 'Death Panels,' 'Pavement,' and 'G.S.A.O.O.C.S.A.I.T.'". Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  55. ^ "The Week in Words: Death panels; muddling along; happy to retire at 60". The Philadelphia Inquirer. October 31, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  56. ^ Christopher Condon (October 25, 2010). "Frank Says 'Death Panels' Await Failing Banks Under Law Bearing His Name". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  57. ^ Paul Krugman (November 17, 2010). "Death Panels and Sales Taxes". The New York Times.

External links

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