Alfredo Cospito: Difference between revisions

Alfredo Cospito
Alfredo Cospito
Born	1967 (age 56–57); Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Known for	Kneecapping of Roberto Adinolfi,; 2006 Fossano bombing, ; hunger strike
Movement	Anarchist
Criminal status	In prison
Allegiance	Informal Anarchist Federation
Criminal penalty	Life imprisonment
Imprisoned at	Opera prison, Lombardy

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Alfredo Cospito (born 1967) is an Italian insurrectionary anarchist convicted on terrorism charges.^[1] He was sentenced to 10 years for kneecapping the head of the Italian nuclear power company Ansaldo Nucleare in 2012, and subsequently to life without parole for bombing a Carabinieri cadet barracks in Fossano. In 2022, Cospito was placed in the restrictive 41-bis prison regime and began a hunger strike in protest.

Shooting of Roberto Adinolfi

Cospito was born in Pescara in 1967 and lived in Turin. He is an insurrectionary anarchist.^[2]^[3]

On 7 May 2012, Cospito and his accomplice, Nicola Gai, rode on a motorbike to the house of Roberto Adinolfi, executive of the Italian nuclear power company Ansaldo Nucleare. The pair shot Adinolfi in the leg three times, facturing his knee,^[4] a tactic used previously by the Red Brigades.^[3]^[5] A letter sent to Corriere della Sera newspaper claimed responsibility for the shooting on behalf of the Olga Nucleus of the Informal Anarchist Federation (in Italian: Federazione Anarchica Informale, FAI).^[3]^[6] In the early hours of the morning of September 14, 2012 Cospito was arrested with Gai in Turin.^[7] He was found guilty and sentenced to ten years and eight months.^[8] Nicola Gai was released in 2020.^[9]

Bombing of Fossano cadet school

While serving his sentence, Cospito received an additional 20 year term for the 2006 bombing of a Carabinieri cadet barracks near Turin.^[10] The bombing was planned with a booby-trap technique, with two explosive devices: a minor one to lure cadets out, and a second one with a much higher potential^[11] (500 grams of black powder, along with bolts, screws and stones)^[12] timed to explode 15 minutes later, to kill them.^[12]^[13] The court found that only by chance the two explosions resulted in no casualties.^[14] The Supreme Court of Cassation changed the sentence to "political massacre", upgrading it from 20 years in prison to life without parole because, although no one has been killed in the attack,^[15] the bomb could potentially harm people.^[14] The FAI declared it was an attack against "the infamous Italian Republic and the equally infamous anniversary of the Carabinieri. We hit the Carabinieri school in Fossano to make them understand from an early age what admiration their criminal military career provokes in us, the exploited."^[16]

Cospito was placed into the restrictive 41-bis regime in prison in Sassari, Sardinia.^[17] The 41-bis regime was created to stop mafia bosses communicating with their outside organizations and was later broadened to include "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations"; it involves solitary confinement for 22 hours every day, with visits restricted to one hour per month. Access to rehabilitation programs is severely limited, as much as needed to prevent communication with the criminal organisation the inmate belongs to.^[18]^[19]^[20] Cospito commented "In addition to life imprisonment, given that from prison I continued to write and collaborate with the anarchist press, it was decided to shut my mouth forever with 41-bis".^[21] He was put in the restrictive prison regime because, even if it was under a strong prison regime, he managed to publish declarations on anarchist sites and send messages to other members of his organization.^[22]

Hunger strike

On 20 October 2022, Cospito began a hunger strike against the conditions of the 41-bis prison regime, losing 35kg by the end of the year.^[8] More than 200 criminal lawyers and jurists signed a petition condemning the judicial treatment of Cospito.^[8]^[23] In protest, anarchist groups held demonstrations in Bologna, Turin and Rome.^[24]^[17] On 2 December, a Greek anarchist group called Revenge Cell Carlo Giuliani bombed the empty car of Italian diplomat Susanna Schlein, the sister of Elly Schlein.^[25] There have also been attacks on Italian diplomatic offices in Brazil and Germany.^[26]^[27]

The surveillance court in Rome rejected the appeal of Cospito against his prison conditions.^[2] Amnesty International made a plea on behalf of the human rights of Cospito in January 2023.^[28] The Supreme Court of Cassation set a date to hear his appeal against the 41-bis regime on 20 April 2023, then brought it forward to 7 March when Cospito's doctor and lawyer argued he would be dead by April.^[29]^[30] At the end of January, Minister of Justice Carlo Nordio ordered that Cospito was moved from Sardinia to Opera prison in Lombardy on account of his deteriorating health.^[22]

References

^ "Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito - English". ANSA.it. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023. Cospito, who has been sentenced to four years of 41 bis while he is serving two sentences totalling 30 years for terror attacks, recently saw an appeal turned down by a Rome surveillance court.
^ ^a ^b Mauro, Cifelli (21 December 2022). "Confermato 41bis per Alfredo Cospito. Anarchici in fermento: presidio sotto al ministero e manifestazione il 31 dicembre" [Confirmed 41bis for Alfredo Cospito. Anarchists in ferment: protest under the ministry and demonstration on December 31st]. Roma Today (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Marone, Francesco (26 March 2014). "A Profile of the Informal Anarchist Federation in Italy". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO". HuffPost. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
^ "Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO". HuffPost. Reuters. 7 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ Kington, Tom (11 May 2012). "Italian anarchists kneecap nuclear executive and threaten more shootings". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ Vitale, Simona (14 September 2012). "Agguato Adinolfi, arrestati due anarco-insurrezionalisti". Attualissimo (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Castrillo, Pedro (30 November 2022). "Huelgas de hambre contra el régimen de aislamiento del preso anarquista Alfredo Cospito en Italia" [Hunger strikes against the solitary confinement of anarchist prisoner Alfredo Cospito in Italy]. El Salto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Anarchici: scarcerato Nicola Gai, condannato per l'attentato a Roberto Adinolfi" [Anarchists: Nicola Gai released from prison, convicted of the attack on Roberto Adinolfi]. la Repubblica (in Italian). 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
^ TG24, Sky. "Chi è l'anarchico Cospito e perché continua il suo sciopero della fame". tg24.sky.it (in Italian). Retrieved 25 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici". Targatocn.it (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2023. La bomba a orologeria stavolta era stata piazzata in un raccoglitore dei rifiuti. Il potenziale di questultima era molto più elevato rispetto a quello dell'ordigno esploso pochi minuti prima. [This time the bomb was placed in a garbage canister. The potential of the latter was much higher than that of the device that exploded a few minutes earlier.]
^ ^a ^b "Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici". Targatocn.it (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2023. La mano che le ha posizionate aveva l'intenzione di colpire, di uccidere e non solo per la quantità dell'esplosivo utilizzato, ma anche per i bulloni, le viti, le pietre contenute all'interno della bomba e che al momento della deflagrazione sono stati scagliati con violenza a oltre cento metri di distanza. [The hand that placed them had the intention to strike, to kill, and not only because of the amount of the explosive used, but also because of the bolts, screws, and stones contained inside the bomb and which at the moment of the deflagration were hurled violently over a hundred meters away.]
^ "Dall'attentato alla scuola carabinieri alle bombe alla Crocetta: quei nove mesi di paura firmati Fai. Gli inquirenti: "Volevano uccidere"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023. E sempre nel 2006, a giugno, la caserma degli allievi carabinieri di Fossano, nel Cuneese, venne presa di mira: un primo ordigno, lasciato davanti al portone e poco più di un petardo, per attirare fuori i militari. Quindici minuti dopo, l'esplosione della bomba vera, posizionata a una decina di metri di distanza: cinquecento grammi di polvere nera, bulloni e biglie compressi in una scatola di ferro. [translation: And again in 2006, in June, the Carabinieri cadet school in Fossano, in the vicinity of Cuneo, was targeted: an initial device, left in front of the front door and a little more than a firecracker, to lure the soldiers out. Fifteen minutes later, the explosion of the real bomb, placed some ten meters away: five hundred grams of black powder, bolts and small spherical objects packed into an iron box.]
^ ^a ^b "Processo ad Alfredo Cospito, chiesto l'ergastolo. Corteo degli anarchici: ferito un barista". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 5 December 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023. Non ci furono vittime, ma per la Cassazione, fu solo una casualità, vista anche la tecnica «a trappola», cioè con timer programmati a orari diversi uno dall'altro. [translation: There were no victims, but for the Court of Cassation it was just by chance, given the "trap" technique, that is, with timers programmed at different times one from the other]
^ Merlo, Giulia. "Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti". www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 26 January 2023. Solo nel caso di Cospito e Beniamino, invece, i giudici di Cassazione hanno deciso di rinviare gli atti alla corte d'assise d'appello di Torino per un ricalcolo in peggio della pena solo per l'episodio della caserma allievi, accogliendo la richiesta della procura di riqualificare il reato in "strage politica" [...] Il reato previsto all'articolo 285, invece, è di strage "allo scopo di attentare alla sicurezza dello stato" ed è un delitto contro la personalità dello stato, punito con l'ergastolo senza alcuna variante di pena anche senza che la strage abbia provocato morti.
^ "Quelle bombe del 2006 contro i carabinieri, la Cassazione: "Fu strage politica". La Stampa (in Italian). 20 October 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2023. [...] l'infame Repubblica italiana e l'altrettanto infame anniversario dell'Arma dei carabinieri [...] Abbiamo colpito la scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano, per fargli capire già da piccoli quale ammirazione sollevi la loro criminale carriera tra noi sfruttati
^ ^a ^b "Violence, vandalism at anarchist demonstration in Turin". ANSA. 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Il caso dell'anarchico Cospito al 41bis e la riflessione necessaria sul nostro sistema detentivo". Valigia Blu (in Italian). Retrieved 27 January 2023. Il codice dell'ordinamento penitenziario vigente prevede la compresenza sia di "gravi motivi di ordine e di sicurezza pubblica" sia di reati in grado di agevolare "associazioni di tipo mafioso, criminale, terroristico o eversivo". Il fine di questo regime detentivo è quello di interrompere tutti i legami tra il detenuto e l'organizzazione di appartenenza. [The current Prison Code requires the co-presence of both "serious reasons of public order and security" and crimes capable of facilitating "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations." The purpose of this detention regime is to sever all ties between the detainee and the organization to which he belongs]"
^ "Alfredo Cospito, chi è: cosa ha fatto e perché gli anarchici lo vogliono fuori dal carcere". Money (in Italian). 2 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Carcere duro [art. 41-bis] in "Diritto on line"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 31 January 2023. Secondo quanto stabilito nel co. 2, il regime detentivo speciale comporta le restrizioni necessarie per il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di ordine e di sicurezza e per impedire i collegamenti con le associazioni di appartenenza. Il legislatore, dunque, nel ribadire lo scopo di prevenzione della misura, ne vincola il contenuto alle sole restrizioni che si pongano con quello scopo in una relazione funzionale. [According to what is stated in section 2, the special detention regime entails the restrictions necessary for the fulfillment of the requirements of order and security and to prevent connections with the associations to which they belong. The legislature, therefore, in reaffirming the preventive purpose of the measure, binds its content to only those restrictions that stand in a functional relationship with that purpose.]
^ Merlo, Giulia. "Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti". www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 26 January 2023. Nel corso del processo, Cospito è intervenuto con dichiarazioni spontanee: "Oltre all'ergastolo ostativo, visto che dal carcere continuavo a scrivere e collaborare alla stampa anarchica, si è deciso di tapparmi la bocca per sempre con il 41 bis"
^ ^a ^b "Nordio dice no: "Cospito sarà curato ma resta in carcere al 41 bis". Rimangono altre due opzioni". tiscali Notizie (in Italian). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
^ "CASTELLAMONTE - Scritte anarchiche di fronte al Bennet a sostegno di Alfredo Cospito - FOTO". QC Quotidiano del Canavese (in Italian). 20 November 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ "Anarchici in corteo contro il carcere duro ad Alfredo Cospito. Scritte e vetrine danneggiate in centro". BolognaToday (in Italian). 21 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Anarchists claim Athens arson attack on Italian embassy car". AP NEWS. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ Danise, Salvatore (30 December 2022). "Attacco al consolato italiano in Brasile: c'è la rivendicazione anarchica per Cospito". 7colli (in Italian). Retrieved 30 January 2023.
^ "Incendiata l'auto di un funzionario dell'ambasciata italiana a Berlino". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
^ "Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito – English". ANSA. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
^ "Anarchist Cospito appeal to high court set in 3 mts time". ANSA. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
^ "La Corte di Cassazione ha anticipato al 7 marzo l'udienza sul ricorso di Alfredo Cospito contro il 41-bis". Il Post (in Italian). 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

External links

Writings by Alfredo Cospito at The Anarchist Library

[1] "Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito - English". ANSA.it. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023. Cospito, who has been sentenced to four years of 41 bis while he is serving two sentences totalling 30 years for terror attacks, recently saw an appeal turned down by a Rome surveillance court.

[RT-2] Mauro, Cifelli (21 December 2022). "Confermato 41bis per Alfredo Cospito. Anarchici in fermento: presidio sotto al ministero e manifestazione il 31 dicembre" [Confirmed 41bis for Alfredo Cospito. Anarchists in ferment: protest under the ministry and demonstration on December 31st]. Roma Today (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[CTC-3] Marone, Francesco (26 March 2014). "A Profile of the Informal Anarchist Federation in Italy". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[4] "Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO". HuffPost. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

[HP-5] "Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO". HuffPost. Reuters. 7 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[G-6] Kington, Tom (11 May 2012). "Italian anarchists kneecap nuclear executive and threaten more shootings". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[7] Vitale, Simona (14 September 2012). "Agguato Adinolfi, arrestati due anarco-insurrezionalisti". Attualissimo (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2023.

[ES-8] Castrillo, Pedro (30 November 2022). "Huelgas de hambre contra el régimen de aislamiento del preso anarquista Alfredo Cospito en Italia" [Hunger strikes against the solitary confinement of anarchist prisoner Alfredo Cospito in Italy]. El Salto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[9] "Anarchici: scarcerato Nicola Gai, condannato per l'attentato a Roberto Adinolfi" [Anarchists: Nicola Gai released from prison, convicted of the attack on Roberto Adinolfi]. la Repubblica (in Italian). 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

[10] TG24, Sky. "Chi è l'anarchico Cospito e perché continua il suo sciopero della fame". tg24.sky.it (in Italian). Retrieved 25 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[11] "Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici". Targatocn.it (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2023. La bomba a orologeria stavolta era stata piazzata in un raccoglitore dei rifiuti. Il potenziale di questultima era molto più elevato rispetto a quello dell'ordigno esploso pochi minuti prima. [This time the bomb was placed in a garbage canister. The potential of the latter was much higher than that of the device that exploded a few minutes earlier.]

[:0-12] "Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici". Targatocn.it (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2023. La mano che le ha posizionate aveva l'intenzione di colpire, di uccidere e non solo per la quantità dell'esplosivo utilizzato, ma anche per i bulloni, le viti, le pietre contenute all'interno della bomba e che al momento della deflagrazione sono stati scagliati con violenza a oltre cento metri di distanza. [The hand that placed them had the intention to strike, to kill, and not only because of the amount of the explosive used, but also because of the bolts, screws, and stones contained inside the bomb and which at the moment of the deflagration were hurled violently over a hundred meters away.]

[13] "Dall'attentato alla scuola carabinieri alle bombe alla Crocetta: quei nove mesi di paura firmati Fai. Gli inquirenti: "Volevano uccidere"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 6 September 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023. E sempre nel 2006, a giugno, la caserma degli allievi carabinieri di Fossano, nel Cuneese, venne presa di mira: un primo ordigno, lasciato davanti al portone e poco più di un petardo, per attirare fuori i militari. Quindici minuti dopo, l'esplosione della bomba vera, posizionata a una decina di metri di distanza: cinquecento grammi di polvere nera, bulloni e biglie compressi in una scatola di ferro. [translation: And again in 2006, in June, the Carabinieri cadet school in Fossano, in the vicinity of Cuneo, was targeted: an initial device, left in front of the front door and a little more than a firecracker, to lure the soldiers out. Fifteen minutes later, the explosion of the real bomb, placed some ten meters away: five hundred grams of black powder, bolts and small spherical objects packed into an iron box.]

[processo-14] "Processo ad Alfredo Cospito, chiesto l'ergastolo. Corteo degli anarchici: ferito un barista". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 5 December 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023. Non ci furono vittime, ma per la Cassazione, fu solo una casualità, vista anche la tecnica «a trappola», cioè con timer programmati a orari diversi uno dall'altro. [translation: There were no victims, but for the Court of Cassation it was just by chance, given the "trap" technique, that is, with timers programmed at different times one from the other]

[Merlo1-15] Merlo, Giulia. "Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti". www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 26 January 2023. Solo nel caso di Cospito e Beniamino, invece, i giudici di Cassazione hanno deciso di rinviare gli atti alla corte d'assise d'appello di Torino per un ricalcolo in peggio della pena solo per l'episodio della caserma allievi, accogliendo la richiesta della procura di riqualificare il reato in "strage politica" [...] Il reato previsto all'articolo 285, invece, è di strage "allo scopo di attentare alla sicurezza dello stato" ed è un delitto contro la personalità dello stato, punito con l'ergastolo senza alcuna variante di pena anche senza che la strage abbia provocato morti.

[16] "Quelle bombe del 2006 contro i carabinieri, la Cassazione: "Fu strage politica". La Stampa (in Italian). 20 October 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2023. [...] l'infame Repubblica italiana e l'altrettanto infame anniversario dell'Arma dei carabinieri [...] Abbiamo colpito la scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano, per fargli capire già da piccoli quale ammirazione sollevi la loro criminale carriera tra noi sfruttati

[ANSA-17] "Violence, vandalism at anarchist demonstration in Turin". ANSA. 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[18] "Il caso dell'anarchico Cospito al 41bis e la riflessione necessaria sul nostro sistema detentivo". Valigia Blu (in Italian). Retrieved 27 January 2023. Il codice dell'ordinamento penitenziario vigente prevede la compresenza sia di "gravi motivi di ordine e di sicurezza pubblica" sia di reati in grado di agevolare "associazioni di tipo mafioso, criminale, terroristico o eversivo". Il fine di questo regime detentivo è quello di interrompere tutti i legami tra il detenuto e l'organizzazione di appartenenza. [The current Prison Code requires the co-presence of both "serious reasons of public order and security" and crimes capable of facilitating "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations." The purpose of this detention regime is to sever all ties between the detainee and the organization to which he belongs]"

[Money-19] "Alfredo Cospito, chi è: cosa ha fatto e perché gli anarchici lo vogliono fuori dal carcere". Money (in Italian). 2 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[20] "Carcere duro [art. 41-bis] in "Diritto on line"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 31 January 2023. Secondo quanto stabilito nel co. 2, il regime detentivo speciale comporta le restrizioni necessarie per il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di ordine e di sicurezza e per impedire i collegamenti con le associazioni di appartenenza. Il legislatore, dunque, nel ribadire lo scopo di prevenzione della misura, ne vincola il contenuto alle sole restrizioni che si pongano con quello scopo in una relazione funzionale. [According to what is stated in section 2, the special detention regime entails the restrictions necessary for the fulfillment of the requirements of order and security and to prevent connections with the associations to which they belong. The legislature, therefore, in reaffirming the preventive purpose of the measure, binds its content to only those restrictions that stand in a functional relationship with that purpose.]

[Merlo2-21] Merlo, Giulia. "Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti". www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 26 January 2023. Nel corso del processo, Cospito è intervenuto con dichiarazioni spontanee: "Oltre all'ergastolo ostativo, visto che dal carcere continuavo a scrivere e collaborare alla stampa anarchica, si è deciso di tapparmi la bocca per sempre con il 41 bis"

[Nordio-22] "Nordio dice no: "Cospito sarà curato ma resta in carcere al 41 bis". Rimangono altre due opzioni". tiscali Notizie (in Italian). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.

[23] "CASTELLAMONTE - Scritte anarchiche di fronte al Bennet a sostegno di Alfredo Cospito - FOTO". QC Quotidiano del Canavese (in Italian). 20 November 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

[BT-24] "Anarchici in corteo contro il carcere duro ad Alfredo Cospito. Scritte e vetrine danneggiate in centro". BolognaToday (in Italian). 21 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[AP-25] "Anarchists claim Athens arson attack on Italian embassy car". AP NEWS. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

[7colli-26] Danise, Salvatore (30 December 2022). "Attacco al consolato italiano in Brasile: c'è la rivendicazione anarchica per Cospito". 7colli (in Italian). Retrieved 30 January 2023.

[27] "Incendiata l'auto di un funzionario dell'ambasciata italiana a Berlino". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

[Amnesty-28] "Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito – English". ANSA. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

[3mths-29] "Anarchist Cospito appeal to high court set in 3 mts time". ANSA. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

[Anticipato-30] "La Corte di Cassazione ha anticipato al 7 marzo l'udienza sul ricorso di Alfredo Cospito contro il 41-bis". Il Post (in Italian). 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

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 {{Short description|Italian anarchist writer and activist}}
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 | motive            =
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-| imprisoned        = Bancali prison, [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]
+| imprisoned        = Opera prison, [[Lombardy]]
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 }}
 '''Alfredo Cospito''' (born 1967) is an Italian [[Insurrectionary anarchism|insurrectionary anarchist]] convicted on [[terrorism]] charges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-24 |title=Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito - English |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2023/01/24/amnesty-in-fresh-appeal-for-jailed-anarchist-head-cospito_75cf858b-8bb6-4b26-a5e5-b7f66467e204.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=ANSA.it |language=en |quote=Cospito, who has been sentenced to four years of 41 bis while he is serving two sentences totalling 30 years for terror attacks, recently saw an appeal turned down by a Rome surveillance court.}}</ref> He was sentenced to 10 years for [[kneecapping]] the head of the Italian nuclear power company [[Ansaldo Energia|Ansaldo Nucleare]] in 2012, and subsequently to [[life without parole]] for bombing a [[Carabinieri]] cadet barracks in [[Fossano]]. In 2022, Cospito was placed in the restrictive [[Article 41-bis prison regime|41-bis]] prison regime and began a [[hunger strike]] in protest.
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 Cospito was born in [[Pescara]] in 1967 and lived in Turin. He is an [[Insurrectionary anarchism|insurrectionary anarchist]].<ref name="RT" /><ref name="CTC" />
-On 7 May 2012, Cospito and his accomplice, Nicola Gai, rode on a motorbike to the house of Roberto Adinolfi, executive of the Italian nuclear power company [[Ansaldo Energia|Ansaldo Nucleare]]. The pair shot Adinolfi in the leg three times, facturing his knee,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-07 |title=Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> a tactic used previously by the [[Red Brigades]].<ref name="CTC">{{cite web |last1=Marone |first1=Francesco |title=A Profile of the Informal Anarchist Federation in Italy |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/a-profile-of-the-informal-anarchist-federation-in-italy/ |website=Combating Terrorism Center |access-date=22 December 2022 |date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209082705/https://ctc.usma.edu/a-profile-of-the-informal-anarchist-federation-in-italy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HP">{{cite news |title=Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=HuffPost |agency=Reuters |date=7 May 2012 |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525073513/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |url-status=live }}</ref> A letter sent to ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' newspaper claimed responsibility for the shooting on behalf of the Olga Nucleus of the [[Informal Anarchist Federation]].<ref name="CTC" /><ref name="G">{{cite news |last1=Kington |first1=Tom |title=Italian anarchists kneecap nuclear executive and threaten more shootings |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/11/italian-anarchists-kneecap-nuclear-executive |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=11 May 2012 |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209082742/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/11/italian-anarchists-kneecap-nuclear-executive |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early hours of the morning of September 14, 2012 Cospito was arrested with Gai in Turin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vitale |first=Simona |date=2012-09-14 |title=Agguato Adinolfi, arrestati due anarco-insurrezionalisti |url=https://attualissimo.it/agguato-adinolfi-arrestati-due-anarco-insurrezionalisti/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Attualissimo |language=it-IT}}</ref> He was found guilty and sentenced to ten years and eight months.<ref name="ES" /> Nicola Gai was released in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Anarchici: scarcerato Nicola Gai, condannato per l'attentato a Roberto Adinolfi |trans-title=Anarchists: Nicola Gai released from prison, convicted of the attack on Roberto Adinolfi |url=https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/11/24/news/anarchici_scarcerato_nicola_gai_condannato_per_l_attentato_a_roberto_adinolfi-275644230/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref>
+On 7 May 2012, Cospito and his accomplice, Nicola Gai, rode on a motorbike to the house of Roberto Adinolfi, executive of the Italian nuclear power company [[Ansaldo Energia|Ansaldo Nucleare]]. The pair shot Adinolfi in the leg three times, facturing his knee,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-07 |title=Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> a tactic used previously by the [[Red Brigades]].<ref name="CTC">{{cite web |last1=Marone |first1=Francesco |title=A Profile of the Informal Anarchist Federation in Italy |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/a-profile-of-the-informal-anarchist-federation-in-italy/ |website=Combating Terrorism Center |access-date=22 December 2022 |date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209082705/https://ctc.usma.edu/a-profile-of-the-informal-anarchist-federation-in-italy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HP">{{cite news |title=Gunmen On Motorbike Shoot Italian Nuclear Firm CEO |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=HuffPost |agency=Reuters |date=7 May 2012 |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525073513/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roberto-adinolfi-shot_n_1496405 |url-status=live }}</ref> A letter sent to ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' newspaper claimed responsibility for the shooting on behalf of the Olga Nucleus of the [[Informal Anarchist Federation]] (in Italian: Federazione Anarchica Informale, FAI).<ref name="CTC" /><ref name="G">{{cite news |last1=Kington |first1=Tom |title=Italian anarchists kneecap nuclear executive and threaten more shootings |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/11/italian-anarchists-kneecap-nuclear-executive |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=11 May 2012 |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209082742/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/11/italian-anarchists-kneecap-nuclear-executive |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early hours of the morning of September 14, 2012 Cospito was arrested with Gai in Turin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vitale |first=Simona |date=2012-09-14 |title=Agguato Adinolfi, arrestati due anarco-insurrezionalisti |url=https://attualissimo.it/agguato-adinolfi-arrestati-due-anarco-insurrezionalisti/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Attualissimo |language=it-IT}}</ref> He was found guilty and sentenced to ten years and eight months.<ref name="ES" /> Nicola Gai was released in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Anarchici: scarcerato Nicola Gai, condannato per l'attentato a Roberto Adinolfi |trans-title=Anarchists: Nicola Gai released from prison, convicted of the attack on Roberto Adinolfi |url=https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/11/24/news/anarchici_scarcerato_nicola_gai_condannato_per_l_attentato_a_roberto_adinolfi-275644230/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref>
 == Bombing of Fossano cadet school ==
-While serving his sentence, Cospito received an additional 20 year term for the 2006 bombing of a [[Carabinieri]] cadet barracks near Turin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è l'anarchico Cospito e perché continua il suo sciopero della fame |url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/approfondimenti/alfredo-cospito-sciopero-fame |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=tg24.sky.it |language=it}}</ref> The bombing was planned with a booby-trap technique, with two explosive devices: a minor one to lure cadets out, and a second one with a much higher potential<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-06 |title=Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici |url=https://www.targatocn.it/2016/09/06/sommario/fossanese/leggi-notizia/argomenti/fossanese/articolo/attentato-alla-scuola-allievi-carabinieri-di-fossano-dalla-granda-parti-la-stagione-degli-attentat.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Targatocn.it |language=it-IT |quote=La bomba a orologeria stavolta era stata piazzata in un raccoglitore dei rifiuti. Il potenziale di questultima era molto più elevato rispetto a quello dell'ordigno esploso pochi minuti prima. [This time the bomb was placed in a garbage canister. The potential of the latter was much higher than that of the device that exploded a few minutes earlier.]}}</ref> (500 grams of [[black powder]], along with bolts, screws and stones)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-06 |title=Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici |url=https://www.targatocn.it/2016/09/06/sommario/fossanese/leggi-notizia/argomenti/fossanese/articolo/attentato-alla-scuola-allievi-carabinieri-di-fossano-dalla-granda-parti-la-stagione-degli-attentat.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Targatocn.it |language=it-IT |quote=La mano che le ha posizionate aveva l'intenzione di colpire, di uccidere e non solo per la quantità dell'esplosivo utilizzato, ma anche per i bulloni, le viti, le pietre contenute all'interno della bomba e che al momento della deflagrazione sono stati scagliati con violenza a oltre cento metri di distanza. [The hand that placed them had the intention to strike, to kill, and not only because of the amount of the explosive used, but also because of the bolts, screws, and stones contained inside the bomb and which at the moment of the deflagration were hurled violently over a hundred meters away.]}}</ref> timed to explode 15 minutes later, to kill them.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-06 |title=Dall'attentato alla scuola carabinieri alle bombe alla Crocetta: quei nove mesi di paura firmati Fai. Gli inquirenti: "Volevano uccidere" |language=it |work=la Repubblica |url=https://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2016/09/06/news/dalle_bombe_alla_crocetta_all_attentato_alla_scuola_carabinieri_quei_nove_mesi_di_paura_firmati_fai-147251384/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |quote="E sempre nel 2006, a giugno, la caserma degli allievi carabinieri di Fossano, nel Cuneese, venne presa di mira: un primo ordigno, lasciato davanti al portone e poco più di un petardo, per attirare fuori i militari. Quindici minuti dopo, l’esplosione della bomba vera, posizionata a una decina di metri di distanza: cinquecento grammi di polvere nera, bulloni e biglie compressi in una scatola di ferro. [translation: And again in 2006, in June, the Carabinieri cadet school in Fossano, in the vicinity of Cuneo, was targeted: an initial device, left in front of the front door and a little more than a firecracker, to lure the soldiers out. Fifteen minutes later, the explosion of the real bomb, placed some ten meters away: five hundred grams of black powder, bolts and small spherical objects packed into an iron box.]"}}</ref> The court found that only by chance the two explosions resulted in no casualties.<ref name=processo>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-05 |title=Processo ad Alfredo Cospito, chiesto l'ergastolo. Corteo degli anarchici: ferito un barista |url=https://torino.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/22_dicembre_05/processo-a-cospito-chiesto-l-ergastolo-sit-in-degli-anarchici-ferito-un-barista-d29e882a-39c2-4e33-8f5a-7a860e85dxlk.shtml |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it-IT |quote="Non ci furono vittime, ma per la Cassazione, fu solo una casualità, vista anche la tecnica «a trappola», cioè con timer programmati a orari diversi uno dall’altro. [translation: There were no victims, but for the Court of Cassation it was just by chance, given the "trap" technique, that is, with timers programmed at different times one from the other]"}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] changed the sentence to "political massacre", upgrading it from 20 years in prison to [[Life imprisonment|life without parole]] because, although no one has been killed in the attack,<ref name="Merlo1">{{Cite web |last=Merlo |first=Giulia |title=Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti |url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/giustizia/cospito-anarchico-scripta-manent-attentato-torino-axjzlumg |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.editorialedomani.it |language=it-it |quote=Solo nel caso di Cospito e Beniamino, invece, i giudici di Cassazione hanno deciso di rinviare gli atti alla corte d’assise d’appello di Torino per un ricalcolo in peggio della pena solo per l’episodio della caserma allievi, accogliendo la richiesta della procura di riqualificare il reato in "strage politica" [...] Il reato previsto all’articolo 285, invece, è di strage "allo scopo di attentare alla sicurezza dello stato" ed è un delitto contro la personalità dello stato, punito con l’ergastolo senza alcuna variante di pena anche senza che la strage abbia provocato morti.}}</ref> the bomb could potentially harm a lot of people, in particular the cadets of the Carabinieri school.<ref name=processo /> In fact they were the main objective, as stated in the FAI declaration  after the attack: "''[...] the infamous Italian Republic and the equally infamous anniversary of the Carabinieri. We hit the Carabinieri school of Fossano to make them understand, since early age, what admiration raises, their criminal military career, among us, the expolited..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20|title=Quelle bombe del 2006 contro i carabinieri, la Cassazione: “Fu strage politica|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cuneo/2022/10/20/news/quelle_bombe_del_2006_contro_i_carabinieri_la_cassazione_fu_strage_politica-12178741/|access-date=2023-01-31|website=La Stampa|language=it-IT |quote=«[...] l’infame Repubblica italiana e l’altrettanto infame anniversario dell’Arma dei carabinieri». Abbiamo colpito la scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano, per fargli capire già da piccoli quale ammirazione sollevi la loro criminale carriera tra noi sfruttati"}}</ref>. We love to distribute 'firecrackers' along their route so that "10, 100, 1000 Nassirya" is not just a shouted slogan, but a reality, not only in the Far East, but in our cities and in our valley.''"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-17 |title=L’attentato alla Scuola Allievi Carabinieri di Fossano fu “politico”: ora gli anarchici rischiano l’ergastolo|url=https://www.cuneodice.it/cronaca/fossanese/lattentato-alla-scuola-allievi-carabinieri-di-fossano-fu-politico-ora-gli-anarchici-rischiano-lergastolo_67337.html|access-date=2023-01-31|website=Cuneodice|language=it-IT |quote="amiamo distribuire ‘petardi’ sul loro percorso perché 10, 100, 1000 Nassirya non sia solo uno slogan urlato, ma una realtà non solo nel lontano oriente ma nelle nostre città e nelle nostre valli"}}</ref> The slogan used in the declaration is referring to [[2003 Nasiriyah bombing]], where 12 Carabinieri were killed among others 16 people.
+While serving his sentence, Cospito received an additional 20 year term for the 2006 bombing of a [[Carabinieri]] cadet barracks near Turin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è l'anarchico Cospito e perché continua il suo sciopero della fame |url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/approfondimenti/alfredo-cospito-sciopero-fame |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=tg24.sky.it |language=it}}</ref> The bombing was planned with a booby-trap technique, with two explosive devices: a minor one to lure cadets out, and a second one with a much higher potential<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-06 |title=Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici |url=https://www.targatocn.it/2016/09/06/sommario/fossanese/leggi-notizia/argomenti/fossanese/articolo/attentato-alla-scuola-allievi-carabinieri-di-fossano-dalla-granda-parti-la-stagione-degli-attentat.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Targatocn.it |language=it-IT |quote=La bomba a orologeria stavolta era stata piazzata in un raccoglitore dei rifiuti. Il potenziale di questultima era molto più elevato rispetto a quello dell'ordigno esploso pochi minuti prima. [This time the bomb was placed in a garbage canister. The potential of the latter was much higher than that of the device that exploded a few minutes earlier.]}}</ref> (500 grams of [[black powder]], along with bolts, screws and stones)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-06 |title=Attentato alla scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano: dalla Granda partì la stagione degli attentati anarchici |url=https://www.targatocn.it/2016/09/06/sommario/fossanese/leggi-notizia/argomenti/fossanese/articolo/attentato-alla-scuola-allievi-carabinieri-di-fossano-dalla-granda-parti-la-stagione-degli-attentat.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Targatocn.it |language=it-IT |quote=La mano che le ha posizionate aveva l'intenzione di colpire, di uccidere e non solo per la quantità dell'esplosivo utilizzato, ma anche per i bulloni, le viti, le pietre contenute all'interno della bomba e che al momento della deflagrazione sono stati scagliati con violenza a oltre cento metri di distanza. [The hand that placed them had the intention to strike, to kill, and not only because of the amount of the explosive used, but also because of the bolts, screws, and stones contained inside the bomb and which at the moment of the deflagration were hurled violently over a hundred meters away.]}}</ref> timed to explode 15 minutes later, to kill them.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-06 |title=Dall'attentato alla scuola carabinieri alle bombe alla Crocetta: quei nove mesi di paura firmati Fai. Gli inquirenti: "Volevano uccidere" |language=it |work=la Repubblica |url=https://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2016/09/06/news/dalle_bombe_alla_crocetta_all_attentato_alla_scuola_carabinieri_quei_nove_mesi_di_paura_firmati_fai-147251384/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |quote="E sempre nel 2006, a giugno, la caserma degli allievi carabinieri di Fossano, nel Cuneese, venne presa di mira: un primo ordigno, lasciato davanti al portone e poco più di un petardo, per attirare fuori i militari. Quindici minuti dopo, l’esplosione della bomba vera, posizionata a una decina di metri di distanza: cinquecento grammi di polvere nera, bulloni e biglie compressi in una scatola di ferro. [translation: And again in 2006, in June, the Carabinieri cadet school in Fossano, in the vicinity of Cuneo, was targeted: an initial device, left in front of the front door and a little more than a firecracker, to lure the soldiers out. Fifteen minutes later, the explosion of the real bomb, placed some ten meters away: five hundred grams of black powder, bolts and small spherical objects packed into an iron box.]"}}</ref> The court found that only by chance the two explosions resulted in no casualties.<ref name=processo>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-05 |title=Processo ad Alfredo Cospito, chiesto l'ergastolo. Corteo degli anarchici: ferito un barista |url=https://torino.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/22_dicembre_05/processo-a-cospito-chiesto-l-ergastolo-sit-in-degli-anarchici-ferito-un-barista-d29e882a-39c2-4e33-8f5a-7a860e85dxlk.shtml |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it-IT |quote="Non ci furono vittime, ma per la Cassazione, fu solo una casualità, vista anche la tecnica «a trappola», cioè con timer programmati a orari diversi uno dall’altro. [translation: There were no victims, but for the Court of Cassation it was just by chance, given the "trap" technique, that is, with timers programmed at different times one from the other]"}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] changed the sentence to "political massacre", upgrading it from 20 years in prison to [[Life imprisonment|life without parole]] because, although no one has been killed in the attack,<ref name="Merlo1">{{Cite web |last=Merlo |first=Giulia |title=Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti |url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/giustizia/cospito-anarchico-scripta-manent-attentato-torino-axjzlumg |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.editorialedomani.it |language=it-it |quote=Solo nel caso di Cospito e Beniamino, invece, i giudici di Cassazione hanno deciso di rinviare gli atti alla corte d'assise d'appello di Torino per un ricalcolo in peggio della pena solo per l'episodio della caserma allievi, accogliendo la richiesta della procura di riqualificare il reato in "strage politica" [...] Il reato previsto all'articolo 285, invece, è di strage "allo scopo di attentare alla sicurezza dello stato" ed è un delitto contro la personalità dello stato, punito con l'ergastolo senza alcuna variante di pena anche senza che la strage abbia provocato morti.}}</ref> the bomb could potentially harm people.<ref name=processo /> The FAI declared it was an attack against "the infamous Italian Republic and the equally infamous anniversary of the Carabinieri. We hit the Carabinieri school in Fossano to make them understand from an early age what admiration their criminal military career provokes in us, the exploited."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20|title=Quelle bombe del 2006 contro i carabinieri, la Cassazione: “Fu strage politica|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cuneo/2022/10/20/news/quelle_bombe_del_2006_contro_i_carabinieri_la_cassazione_fu_strage_politica-12178741/|access-date=2023-01-31|website=La Stampa|language=it-IT |quote="[...] l’infame Repubblica italiana e l’altrettanto infame anniversario dell’Arma dei carabinieri [...] Abbiamo colpito la scuola allievi carabinieri di Fossano, per fargli capire già da piccoli quale ammirazione sollevi la loro criminale carriera tra noi sfruttati"}}</ref>
-Cospito was placed into the restrictive  [[Article 41-bis prison regime|41-bis]] regime in prison in [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]].<ref name="ANSA">{{cite news |title=Violence, vandalism at anarchist demonstration in Turin |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2022/12/05/violence-vandalism-at-anarchist-demonstration-in-turin_7a1ebd04-6c78-4950-b56d-2e13e3800c34.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=ANSA |date=5 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222202747/https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2022/12/05/violence-vandalism-at-anarchist-demonstration-in-turin_7a1ebd04-6c78-4950-b56d-2e13e3800c34.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The 41-bis regime was created to stop mafia bosses communicating with their outside organizations and was later broadened to include "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations"; it involves [[solitary confinement]] for 22 hours every day, with visits restricted to one hour per month. Access to rehabilitation programs is severely limited, as much as needed to prevent communication with the criminal organisation the inmate belongs to.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Il caso dell’anarchico Cospito al 41bis e la riflessione necessaria sul nostro sistema detentivo |url=https://www.valigiablu.it/alfredo-cospito-41bis-carcere/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Valigia Blu |language=it-IT |quote=Il codice dell’ordinamento penitenziario vigente prevede la compresenza sia di “gravi motivi di ordine e di sicurezza pubblica” sia di reati in grado di agevolare “associazioni di tipo mafioso, criminale, terroristico o eversivo”. Il fine di questo regime detentivo è quello di interrompere tutti i legami tra il detenuto e l’organizzazione di appartenenza. [The current Prison Code requires the co-presence of both "serious reasons of public order and security" and crimes capable of facilitating "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations." The purpose of this detention regime is to sever all ties between the detainee and the organization to which he belongs]"}}</ref><ref name="Money">{{cite web |title=Alfredo Cospito, chi è: cosa ha fatto e perché gli anarchici lo vogliono fuori dal carcere |url=https://www.money.it/alfredo-cospito-chi-e-cosa-ha-fatto-perche-anarchici-vogliono-fuori-carcere |website=Money |access-date=22 December 2022 |language=it-IT |date=2 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carcere duro [art. 41-bis] in "Diritto on line" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carcere-duro-art-41-bis_(Diritto-on-line) |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.treccani.it |language=it-IT |quote=Secondo quanto stabilito nel co. 2, il regime detentivo speciale comporta le restrizioni necessarie per il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di ordine e di sicurezza e per impedire i collegamenti con le associazioni di appartenenza. Il legislatore, dunque, nel ribadire lo scopo di prevenzione della misura, ne vincola il contenuto alle sole restrizioni che si pongano con quello scopo in una relazione funzionale.  [According to what is stated in section 2, the special detention regime entails the restrictions necessary for the fulfillment of the requirements of order and security and to prevent connections with the associations to which they belong. The legislature, therefore, in reaffirming the preventive purpose of the measure, binds its content to only those restrictions that stand in a functional relationship with that purpose.]}}</ref> Cospito commented "''In addition to life imprisonment, given that from prison I continued to write and collaborate with the anarchist press, it was decided to shut my mouth forever with 41-bis''".<ref name="Merlo2">{{Cite web |last=Merlo |first=Giulia |title=Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti |url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/giustizia/cospito-anarchico-scripta-manent-attentato-torino-axjzlumg |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.editorialedomani.it |language=it-it |quote=Nel corso del processo, Cospito è intervenuto con dichiarazioni spontanee: "Oltre all'ergastolo ostativo, visto che dal carcere continuavo a scrivere e collaborare alla stampa anarchica, si è deciso di tapparmi la bocca per sempre con il 41 bis"}}</ref> He was put in the restrictive prison regime because, even if it was under a strong prison regime, he managed to publish declarations on anarchist sites and send messages to other members of his organization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=Nordio dice no: “Cospito sarà curato ma resta in carcere al 41 bis”. Rimangono altre due opzioni|url=https://notizie.tiscali.it/politica/articoli/Nordio-no-Cospito-resta-in-carcere-41-bis/|access-date=2023-01-31|website=tiscali Notizie|language=it-IT}}</ref>
+Cospito was placed into the restrictive  [[Article 41-bis prison regime|41-bis]] regime in prison in [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]].<ref name="ANSA">{{cite news |title=Violence, vandalism at anarchist demonstration in Turin |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2022/12/05/violence-vandalism-at-anarchist-demonstration-in-turin_7a1ebd04-6c78-4950-b56d-2e13e3800c34.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=ANSA |date=5 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222202747/https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2022/12/05/violence-vandalism-at-anarchist-demonstration-in-turin_7a1ebd04-6c78-4950-b56d-2e13e3800c34.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The 41-bis regime was created to stop mafia bosses communicating with their outside organizations and was later broadened to include "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations"; it involves [[solitary confinement]] for 22 hours every day, with visits restricted to one hour per month. Access to rehabilitation programs is severely limited, as much as needed to prevent communication with the criminal organisation the inmate belongs to.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Il caso dell’anarchico Cospito al 41bis e la riflessione necessaria sul nostro sistema detentivo |url=https://www.valigiablu.it/alfredo-cospito-41bis-carcere/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Valigia Blu |language=it-IT |quote=Il codice dell’ordinamento penitenziario vigente prevede la compresenza sia di “gravi motivi di ordine e di sicurezza pubblica” sia di reati in grado di agevolare “associazioni di tipo mafioso, criminale, terroristico o eversivo”. Il fine di questo regime detentivo è quello di interrompere tutti i legami tra il detenuto e l’organizzazione di appartenenza. [The current Prison Code requires the co-presence of both "serious reasons of public order and security" and crimes capable of facilitating "mafia, criminal, terrorist or subversive associations." The purpose of this detention regime is to sever all ties between the detainee and the organization to which he belongs]"}}</ref><ref name="Money">{{cite web |title=Alfredo Cospito, chi è: cosa ha fatto e perché gli anarchici lo vogliono fuori dal carcere |url=https://www.money.it/alfredo-cospito-chi-e-cosa-ha-fatto-perche-anarchici-vogliono-fuori-carcere |website=Money |access-date=22 December 2022 |language=it-IT |date=2 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carcere duro [art. 41-bis] in "Diritto on line" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carcere-duro-art-41-bis_(Diritto-on-line) |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.treccani.it |language=it-IT |quote=Secondo quanto stabilito nel co. 2, il regime detentivo speciale comporta le restrizioni necessarie per il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di ordine e di sicurezza e per impedire i collegamenti con le associazioni di appartenenza. Il legislatore, dunque, nel ribadire lo scopo di prevenzione della misura, ne vincola il contenuto alle sole restrizioni che si pongano con quello scopo in una relazione funzionale.  [According to what is stated in section 2, the special detention regime entails the restrictions necessary for the fulfillment of the requirements of order and security and to prevent connections with the associations to which they belong. The legislature, therefore, in reaffirming the preventive purpose of the measure, binds its content to only those restrictions that stand in a functional relationship with that purpose.]}}</ref> Cospito commented "In addition to life imprisonment, given that from prison I continued to write and collaborate with the anarchist press, it was decided to shut my mouth forever with 41-bis".<ref name="Merlo2">{{Cite web |last=Merlo |first=Giulia |title=Cospito, l'anarchico al 41bis che rischia l'ergastolo per una strage senza morti |url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/giustizia/cospito-anarchico-scripta-manent-attentato-torino-axjzlumg |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.editorialedomani.it |language=it-it |quote=Nel corso del processo, Cospito è intervenuto con dichiarazioni spontanee: "Oltre all'ergastolo ostativo, visto che dal carcere continuavo a scrivere e collaborare alla stampa anarchica, si è deciso di tapparmi la bocca per sempre con il 41 bis"}}</ref> He was put in the restrictive prison regime because, even if it was under a strong prison regime, he managed to publish declarations on anarchist sites and send messages to other members of his organization.<ref name="Nordio">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=Nordio dice no: “Cospito sarà curato ma resta in carcere al 41 bis”. Rimangono altre due opzioni|url=https://notizie.tiscali.it/politica/articoli/Nordio-no-Cospito-resta-in-carcere-41-bis/|access-date=2023-01-31|website=tiscali Notizie|language=it-IT}}</ref>
 == Hunger strike ==
 On 20 October 2022, Cospito began a [[hunger strike]] against the conditions of the [[Article 41-bis prison regime|41-bis]] prison regime, losing 35kg by the end of the year.<ref name="ES">{{cite news |last1=Castrillo |first1=Pedro |date=30 November 2022 |title=Huelgas de hambre contra el régimen de aislamiento del preso anarquista Alfredo Cospito en Italia |language=es |trans-title=Hunger strikes against the solitary confinement of anarchist prisoner Alfredo Cospito in Italy |work=El Salto |url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/a-la-sombra/huelgas-hambre-regimen-aislamiento-preso-anarquista-alfredo-cospito-italia |access-date=22 December 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222202748/https://www.elsaltodiario.com/a-la-sombra/huelgas-hambre-regimen-aislamiento-preso-anarquista-alfredo-cospito-italia |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 200 criminal lawyers and jurists signed a petition condemning the judicial treatment of Cospito.<ref name="ES" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-20 |title=CASTELLAMONTE - Scritte anarchiche di fronte al Bennet a sostegno di Alfredo Cospito - FOTO |url=https://www.quotidianocanavese.it/politica/castellamonte-scritte-anarchiche-di-fronte-al-bennet-a-sostegno-di-alfredo-cospito-foto-41758 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=QC Quotidiano del Canavese |language=it}}</ref> In protest, anarchist groups held demonstrations in Bologna, Turin and Rome.<ref name="BT">{{cite news |title=Anarchici in corteo contro il carcere duro ad Alfredo Cospito. Scritte e vetrine danneggiate in centro |url=https://www.bolognatoday.it/cronaca/CORTEO-CENTRO-alfredo-cospito-41-bis-manifestazione.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=BolognaToday |date=21 December 2022 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="ANSA" /> On 2 December, a Greek anarchist group called Revenge Cell Carlo Giuliani bombed the empty car of Italian diplomat Susanna Schlein, the sister of [[Elly Schlein]].<ref name="AP">{{cite news |title=Anarchists claim Athens arson attack on Italian embassy car |url=https://apnews.com/article/greece-athens-arson-italy-government-9f4512cb4d9f6b12366a581f1cbba380 |access-date=22 December 2022 |work=AP NEWS |date=8 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> There have also been attacks on Italian diplomatic offices in Brazil and Germany.<ref name="7colli">{{cite news |last1=Danise |first1=Salvatore |title=Attacco al consolato italiano in Brasile: c'è la rivendicazione anarchica per Cospito |url=https://www.7colli.it/attacco-al-consolato-italiano-in-brasile-ce-la-rivendicazione-anarchica-per-cospito-72489/ |access-date=30 January 2023 |work=7colli |date=30 December 2022 |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-28 |title=Incendiata l'auto di un funzionario dell'ambasciata italiana a Berlino |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2023/01/28/incendiata-lauto-di-un-funzionario-dellambasciata-italiana-a-berlino_d8d656d6-158e-485d-8eef-757e90942c2c.html |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Agenzia ANSA |language=it}}</ref>
-The [[surveillance court]] in Rome rejected the appeal of Cospito against his prison conditions.<ref name="RT">{{cite news |last=Mauro |first=Cifelli |date=21 December 2022 |title=Confermato 41bis per Alfredo Cospito. Anarchici in fermento: presidio sotto al ministero e manifestazione il 31 dicembre |language=it |trans-title=Confirmed 41bis for Alfredo Cospito. Anarchists in ferment: protest under the ministry and demonstration on December 31st |work=Roma Today |url=https://www.romatoday.it/cronaca/anarchici-presidio-manifestazione-roma-31-dicembre-2022.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221172953/https://www.romatoday.it/cronaca/anarchici-presidio-manifestazione-roma-31-dicembre-2022.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] made a plea on behalf of the human rights of Cospito in January 2023.<ref name="Amnesty">{{cite news |title=Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito – English |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2023/01/24/amnesty-in-fresh-appeal-for-jailed-anarchist-head-cospito_d2dda656-5920-40eb-83b7-6187c6331bbf.html |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=ANSA |date=24 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court of Cassation set a date to hear his appeal against the 41-bis regime on 20 April 2023, then brought it forward to 7 March when Cospito's doctor and lawyer argued he would be dead by April.<ref name="3mths">{{cite news |title=Anarchist Cospito appeal to high court set in 3 mts time |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2023/01/25/anarchist-cospito-appeal-to-high-court-set-in-3-mts-time_6e25f74c-88c0-44a0-a861-d0454c576829.html |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=ANSA |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Anticipato">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=La Corte di Cassazione ha anticipato al 7 marzo l’udienza sul ricorso di Alfredo Cospito contro il 41-bis |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2023/01/27/cassazione-udienza-ricorso-alfredo-cospito/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Il Post |language=it-IT}}</ref>
+The [[surveillance court]] in Rome rejected the appeal of Cospito against his prison conditions.<ref name="RT">{{cite news |last=Mauro |first=Cifelli |date=21 December 2022 |title=Confermato 41bis per Alfredo Cospito. Anarchici in fermento: presidio sotto al ministero e manifestazione il 31 dicembre |language=it |trans-title=Confirmed 41bis for Alfredo Cospito. Anarchists in ferment: protest under the ministry and demonstration on December 31st |work=Roma Today |url=https://www.romatoday.it/cronaca/anarchici-presidio-manifestazione-roma-31-dicembre-2022.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221172953/https://www.romatoday.it/cronaca/anarchici-presidio-manifestazione-roma-31-dicembre-2022.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] made a plea on behalf of the human rights of Cospito in January 2023.<ref name="Amnesty">{{cite news |title=Amnesty in fresh appeal for jailed anarchist head Cospito – English |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2023/01/24/amnesty-in-fresh-appeal-for-jailed-anarchist-head-cospito_d2dda656-5920-40eb-83b7-6187c6331bbf.html |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=ANSA |date=24 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The Supreme Court of Cassation set a date to hear his appeal against the 41-bis regime on 20 April 2023, then brought it forward to 7 March when Cospito's doctor and lawyer argued he would be dead by April.<ref name="3mths">{{cite news |title=Anarchist Cospito appeal to high court set in 3 mts time |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2023/01/25/anarchist-cospito-appeal-to-high-court-set-in-3-mts-time_6e25f74c-88c0-44a0-a861-d0454c576829.html |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=ANSA |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Anticipato">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=La Corte di Cassazione ha anticipato al 7 marzo l’udienza sul ricorso di Alfredo Cospito contro il 41-bis |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2023/01/27/cassazione-udienza-ricorso-alfredo-cospito/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Il Post |language=it-IT}}</ref> At the end of January,  Minister of Justice [[Carlo Nordio]] ordered that Cospito was moved from Sardinia to Opera prison in [[Lombardy]] on account of his deteriorating health.<ref name="Nordio" />
 ==References==