Murders of Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon: Difference between revisions

Lynne Weedon
Lynne Weedon
	Weedon, c. January–September 1975
Born	November 11, 1958; London, England
Died	September 10, 1975 (aged 16)
Cause of death	Blunt force trauma
Body discovered	Short Hedges (now School Walk), Hounslow, London, England; 51°28′40″N 0°22′02″W / 51.47784°N 0.36725°W
Occupation	Schoolgirl

Eve Stratford
Eve Stratford
	Stratford, c. early 1975
Born	December 28, 1953; Dortmund, West Germany
Died	March 18, 1975 (aged 21); 61a Lyndhurst Drive, Leyton, London, England; 51°34′20″N 0°00′09″W / 51.57232787753444°N 0.0025582707539553097°W
Cause of death	Throat cut
Other names	Eva Von Bock; Bunny Ava
Occupation	Playboy Club Bunny
Parents	Albert Stratford (father); Liza Stratford (mother);

Murders of Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon
Murders of Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon
	The location where Weedon was attacked in the "Short Hedges'/'School Walk" alleyway, pictured in May 2022.
Location	Eve Stratford: 61a Lyndhurst Drive, Leyton, London; Lynne Weedon: School Walk, Hounslow, London
Date	18 March–10 September, 1975
Attack type	Murder, Sexual assault
Deaths	2
Victims	Eve Stratford; Lynne Weedon;
Perpetrator	Unknown
Motive	Sexually motivated

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Eve Stratford (28 December 1953 – 18 March 1975) and Lynne Weedon (11 November 1958 – 10 September 1975) were two young women who were murdered in separate, sexually motivated attacks by the same unidentified individual during 1975 in London, England.^[1]^[2]

Stratford was a bunny girl and Weedon was a schoolgirl who was killed almost six months later, on the other side of London. After Weedon's cold case was re-opened in 2004, new DNA techniques revealed that she and Stratford had been murdered by the same person. Stratford's case was re-opened in 2007, but neither case has been solved.^[2] A £40,000 reward for information leading to the capture of the killer remains on offer.^[3]

Stratford's and Weedon's murders have been linked to other cases, in particular the murder of Elizabeth Parravincina (or Parravicini) in September 1977, which occurred only one mile (1.6 km) away from the site of the attack on Weedon and almost exactly two years to the day after. The murder occurred in almost identical circumstances, and police themselves linked the killings. The perpetrator is, therefore, likely to be an uncaught serial killer, a term usually used to describe repeat killers who have killed at least three victims.^[4]

Eve Stratford

Elizabeth Eve Stratford was born in Dortmund, West Germany^[5] on 28 December 1953 to Albert and Liza Stratford.^[6] Her mother was German, and met her father, an English medic in the Royal Army Medical Corps, in the 1940s. He was serving as part of the British Army of Occupation on the Rhine in the aftermath of the Second World War.^[7] As a youth Stratford won three beauty contests in Germany.^[7] The family moved around the world during Stratford's childhood, eventually settling in Aldershot, Hampshire.^[6] In 1972, she moved with her boyfriend Tony Priest, the lead singer of Onyx (later Vineyard), to Leyton, east London.^[6]^[8] Two other members of the band also shared the flat.^[9] At the time of her death, Stratford was a Playboy Club Bunny in Park Lane.^[3] She had started work at the club in 1973, recommended by a friend.^[8]^[10] She lived a glamorous lifestyle and regularly socialised with others, including famous figures such as Sid James and Eric Morecambe, and knew many other high-profile individuals.^[1]^[3] As a model she sometimes referred to herself as "Eva Von Bock" and was also known as "Bunny Ava".^[11]^[12]

In March 1975, only a few days before she was killed, Stratford appeared on the front cover of Mayfair magazine, an adult magazine for men, as "girl of the month".^[1]^[6]^[8]^[13] She was suspended for breach of contract by her club since she had posed for a rival publication.^[12] The magazine was said to be "on the top shelf of every newsagent in March that year".^[1] Police would later conclude that the magazine cover had likely enticed her killer.^[6]

Murders

Stratford

On Tuesday 18 March 1975, Stratford was found dead by her partner at their flat at 61a Lyndhurst Drive, Leyton.^[3]^[14]^[15] Her throat had been cut between eight and twelve times from ear to ear, while her neck and face were extensively mutilated, with detectives stating it was one of the most horrific murder scenes they had ever seen.^[3]^[14]^[16] She was found partially unclothed with a nylon stocking tied around one ankle and her hands were bound with a scarf.^[1]^[9]^[17] She was dressed only in a flimsy pink bra and panties and a flimsy blue nylon negligee open at the front.^[16] There was a strong suggestion she had been sexually assaulted, and semen was found on vaginal swabs which indicated that she'd had sex shortly before her death.^[2]^[18] There was no sign of forced entry to the property, nor were there any signs of a struggle.^[16]^[19] A peculiar cloying scent was left by her attacker in the room where she was found.^[20]

Police found that on the day of her death, Stratford had visited Camden to see her agent and then went to a promotions consultancy in Bayswater.^[3] As far as detectives could tell, she had made the journey home on her own and was not seen with anybody else.^[1] She began to travel home at 3:30 p.m. and walked from Leytonstone tube station to her flat, last being seen by a neighbour walking towards her residence while wearing a floppy hat and holding some dried flowers.^[3] At 4:30 p.m., the women living below her flat heard a male and female voice talking, apparently calmly, followed by a thud and then the sound of footsteps.^[8]^[19] It was 5:20 p.m. when her boyfriend returned to find her dead.^[3] Stratford's murder was featured prominently in the press, in part due to her "glamorous" occupation and public profile.^[1]^[3]

Weedon

The killer struck again later that year.^[3] Sixteen-year-old schoolgirl Lynne Weedon was hit over the head with a blunt object and raped on 3 September 1975, six months after Stratford's murder and on the other side of London.^[3]^[17] That night she had gone out to celebrate her O-level results with friends at the Elm Tree pub on New Heston Road in Hounslow, near to where she lived in Lampton Road.^[3]^[21] She began to travel home at 11:00 p.m., parting company with her friends on the Great West Road before crossing over and continuing her journey home on her own through an alleyway named Short Hedges (now 'School Walk', it is used by pupils walking to the adjacent Lampton School).^[3] Weedon had previously vowed never to use the alleyway after dark as it was frequented by prowlers, but on the night she decided to take the shortcut.^[21] In this alleyway, at approximately 11:20 p.m., she was struck over the head with a heavy object similar to a piece of lead pipe, fracturing her skull.^[3] Her attacker then lifted her over gates and into the grounds of a power substation, before dragging her out of sight and raping her.^[3] She was discovered the next morning by the caretaker of the neighbouring school, Victor Voice, and despite her injuries was still alive; she died a week later in hospital without regaining consciousness.^[1]^[3]^[19]^[21]

Around the time of the murder, a man out walking his dog had seen a white male walking down the alleyway.^[1] Other witnesses described seeing a man, believed to be the same individual, running across the Great West road into the alleyway.^[1] It is believed that this man was Weedon's attacker.^[1]

Initial investigations

Police were convinced that the magazine piece Stratford had appeared in the same month she died had lured Stratford's sexually motivated killer to her.^[22] They believed that the killer had traced her address and then attacked her.^[23] That month's magazine featured naked photoshoots of her alongside an interview in which she concluded that she liked to be submissive sexually, stating:

If a man is truly a man and not effeminate in any way, he'll know how to handle me. I like to be dominated. Not whipped and tied up, or things like that. But just kept in my place. I get very bored with straight sex. I like playing little games with my lovers to turn us both on."^[24]^[25]

She further commented that she found it "quite easy to turn men on" and "I do tend to flirt and tease rather a lot, I just get a kick out of turning men on".^[6]^[24] Her colleagues reportedly were shocked at her 'outspoken' comments about her sexual life.^[26] Police also noted that, although she had three housemates, she said in the article that she lived alone with her cat.^[26] Detectives believed she may have been spotted by her killer and followed home to her flat before being murdered.^[26] Stratford was said to have been upset about the Mayfair cover, believing it made her sound lesbian.^[26] Stratford was bisexual and stated in the article that she liked men and women.^[26]

The facts that there were no defence wounds and that no-one had heard any screams or shouts suggested Stratford knew her killer, but it was also considered that she could have been terrified enough to simply comply with the attacker's demands.^[1] The bouquet of flowers she was seen carrying home was found discarded in the hallway of the apartment ground-floor entrance and not up in her first-floor rooms, suggesting that she was confronted by her killer almost immediately after entering the house.^[16] It was also observed that the bouquet of dried flowers and grasses were similar to those Stratford had posed with in the Mayfair magazine cover.^[27]

Detectives considered the possibility that her killer was a secret lover she had invited round, but considered this unlikely, as she would have known that her boyfriend could have returned home at any time.^[1] However, there was also no sign of a forced entry.^[1] An alternative theory considered was that the attacker was a friend or acquaintance she may have let in.^[1]

Other bunny girls at Stratford's club were interviewed and it emerged that some had received obscene phone calls in the lead up to the murder.^[28] One girl, Marilyn Looms, had received death threats following her own nude centrefold in Mayfair.^[28] Detectives found that Stratford had herself received a number of intrusive phone calls in the days leading up to her death, in which the caller had either hung up without speaking or had whispered obscenities over the line.^[29] It was also discovered that she had received three mysterious phone calls on the very day she died.^[28]^[30] Each time she had answered the phone the caller said nothing and then cut the line dead.^[28]

Searches of nearby gardens, dust bins and drains following Stratford's murder failed to find the murder weapon, but did uncover a badly torn copy of the magazine which had featured Stratford days before her death (although other pornographic magazines were also found there).^[20] Two photofit pictures were released by detectives of two men seen in the vicinity of the murder site that day which officers wished to speak to.^[20] One was described as being in his late 30s or early 40s, of medium height with a peculiar limping gait and ruddy complexion.^[20] The other was about the same age but taller and with thick, black wavy hair.^[20] Nothing came of these photofit appeals.^[20]

Stratford had previously complained about a man who lurked near her house and followed her, but nothing was known of him other than her description of him as having a peculiarly strained and stiff walk.^[29]^[31] There were claims that an aggrieved Arab associate had tried to run Stratford down as she left her Park Lane club one night some months before her death, suggesting the man may have had a vendetta against her, but nothing came of this.^[11]

In October 1975 police in Liverpool found newspaper reports of Stratford's brutal killing smeared with lipstick in an empty bedsit.^[21] Also at the scene were magazine photos of the model, which appeared to have been stabbed with a dart.^[21] The landlord had discovered the items after cleaning up the flat after it was vacated by two male tenants.^[21]

By 1976 all leads had been exhausted by the original Stratford investigative team and the murder inquiry was wound down.^[1] The murder weapon was never found.^[20]

Cold case investigations

In 2004, the Weedon investigation was re-opened.^[32] In 2007, new DNA technology unexpectedly showed that the murders of Stratford and Weedon were committed by the same person.^[1]^[3] As a result of the link, Stratford's case was re-opened. Sixteen of the main suspects in the murders had their DNA taken, but none matched the killer's sample.^[12] Both cases were featured in September 2007 on the BBC Crimewatch programme, where DCI Andy Mortimer stated that "without a shadow of a doubt" both murders were sexually motivated.^[1] It was noted that the attacker had, on both occasions, taken the weapon to the scene before taking it away with him, clearly indicating that they were premeditated attacks for sexual motivation.^[1] Mortimer stated that he was sure that the man seen going in to the alleyway in which Weedon was murdered was her attacker, and investigators believed that the man had stalked her as she walked from the Great West Road to the alleyway.^[33] Mortimer said that it was very unlikely that the killer had only committed these two murders and never committed another crime ever again, stating that the attacker probably committed offences both before and after the attacks.^[1] Operation Stealth, the police operation which has been investigating unsolved murders since 2008, received funding to continue work until the end of 2011.^[34]

On 25 March 2015, police issued a fresh appeal to coincide with the 40th anniversary of the murder of Stratford.^[35] One month later, in April, the murders were again featured on Crimewatch, on which it was revealed that a new £40,000 reward was on offer for information leading to the capture of the killer.^[3] Detectives noted that it was possible that the killer could have unknowingly committed crimes or gone to prison for other matters between the time of the murders and 1995, as it was only in this year that DNA began to be taken from individuals arrested of crimes.^[3] It was also stated that the killer would have had good knowledge of the 'Short Hedges' ('School Walk') alleyway in which Weedon was attacked, and that he would have been a white male between the ages of 17 and 30 (between 63 and 77 in 2023).^[3] It was asserted that psychiatrists, probation officers, cellmates or prison guards could hold the information needed to identify the killer, as he may have made an admission or disclosure to these people over the years regarding the murders.^[3] The lead detective also told The Guardian: "It's inconceivable the killer of Eve and Lynne has kept the perfect secret for 40 years. It's a heavy burden to carry and he must have let details slip over the years—maybe to a partner, a friend, even a cellmate—and I would appeal to anyone with information to contact us."

The important thing for everyone to appreciate is that up until 1995 we weren't actually taking DNA from suspects, from people who went to prison, so it's quite possible that the suspect may have been arrested or gone to prison for other matters and we may not have his DNA. So if someone has that name or suspicion then we would encourage them to make the call and not assume that we know their name. What we do know is that the killer had a link to the Leytonstone area in March 1975 and the Hounslow area in September, and in particular to the Hounslow area he would have been familiar to the alleyway called the Short Hedges. He would have been a white male aged between 17 and 30 at the time of the murders. In both cases the murder weapons were removed from the scene. In the case of Eve it was a knife, and in Lynne's murder it was a blunt instrument similar to a lead pipe. We feel that the answer could come from professionals: from psychiatrists, from probation and even prison officers. Forty years ago someone may have made admissions to you or a disclosure that you didn't think was relevant at the time but looking at all this information now you may have a different view, we would ask you to make that call. And equally a cell mate, may have received a disclosure from a fellow criminal.^[3]

DCI Noel McHugh, Metropolitan Police, Crimewatch 23 April 2015^[3]

In September 2015, the police made a further appeal for new information on the murders.^[36]

Disproven links to other cases

Murder of Lynda Farrow

In 2005, before the DNA link between Stratford's and Weedon's murders was discovered, there was media speculation linking the murders of Stratford and Lynda Farrow, a 29-year-old mother of two who had her throat cut in her own home whilst heavily pregnant on 19 January 1979.^[58]^[59] A man who had been waiting outside Farrow's home discreetly followed her into the house after she came back from a shopping trip, before slitting her throat and quickly escaping out of the back door.^[59] Links were suggested between Stratford's and Farrow's cases because both had their throats cut and both had worked at West End nightspots.^[58] Farrow had worked at the International Sports Club in Mayfair, where boxing matches were held.^[58] It was also (inaccuratley) reported that neither of them had been sexually assaulted,^[58] but this is in fact incorrect as the evidence had actually suggested that Stratford had actually engaged in sex shortly before she died (semen was found on vaginal swabs), it was just not known for certain whether this was non-consensual.^[60]^[18] Stratford and Farrow had lived 5 miles apart.^[58]

When the DNA link between Stratford's and Weedon's murders was revealed in 2007, it was reported that detectives believed that DNA could also prove a link to Farrow's killing.^[45] Police extracted a DNA profile of Farrow's killer and uploaded it onto the National DNA Database to check whether there was a link to Stratford's murder, but the tests showed that Stratford's and Farrow's murders were not linked, and that there was no match between the DNA found in Farrow's case to any other crime.^[60] This indicated that there was no evidence to connect the murders.^[60] The lead detective on the case, Rebecca Hamilton, confirmed the existence of forensic evidence in Farrow's case on Crimewatch in January 2009.^[59]

Despite this, in 2022 former Metropolitan Police detective Colin Sutton, who led the high-profile investigations into Levi Bellfield and Delroy Grant, claimed that Farrow's murder could be linked to Stratford's and Weedon's.^[61] Sutton had previously carried out a cold case review of the evidence in Farrow's case on behalf of the Met in 2002 (before the DNA evidence was discovered in the cases which showed they were not linked) and said he was struck by the similarities he saw.^[61] He said the cases of Stratford and Farrow were similar as both had their throat cut in their own home.^[61] Sutton's claims come despite the fact that Farrow and Stratford's murders were found not to be linked by DNA.^[60] His claims were promoted in advance of a book about the case he is due to publish with John Blake Publishing, titled The West End Girls.^[62]^[63] A documentary based on this book and promoting Sutton's claims is also due to be released in 2022, titled West End Girls: The Search for a Serial Killer.^[63]

Peter Sutcliffe

In 2015, amateur crime investigators Chris Clark and Tim Tate published a book titled Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders, in which they claimed Stratford, Weedon and Lynda Farrow's murders could be linked to serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, also known as the Yorkshire Ripper.^[46] Upon Sutcliffe's death in 2020, Clark submitted a Freedom of Information request to the Home Office, asking if Sutcliffe's DNA was on the national DNA database.^[64] The Home Office confirmed that it was, indicating that Sutcliffe can be ruled out of unsolved murder cases in which there is existing DNA evidence, such as in the Farrow, Stratford and Weedon cases.^[64] The murders of Stratford and Weedon, as well as the cases of Parravincina, Farrow and Patsy Morris, did not feature in the subsequent 2022 ITV documentary based on Clark and Tate's book.^[65]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Crimewatch (26 September 2007). Crimewatch, 26/09/2007 (Television programme). BBC One. Event occurs at 29:30–43:00.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sharma, Ramaa. "Case of murdered model reopens". BBC.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Crimewatch (23 April 2015). Crimewatch, 23/04/2015 (Television programme). BBC One. Event occurs at 43:00–56:00.
^
A serial killer is most commonly defined as a person who kills three or more people for psychological gratification; reliable sources over the years agree. See, for example:
- "Serial killer". Segen's Medical Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016 – via TheFreeDictionary.com. A person who murders 3+ people over a period of > 30 days, with an inactive period between each murder, and whose motivation for killing is largely based on psychological gratification.
- Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (1998). Serial Murder (Second ed.). Sage. ISBN 978-0-7619-1367-2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2018. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.
- Petherick, Wayne (2005). Serial Crime: Theoretical and Practical Issues in Behavioral Profiling. Elsevier. p. 190. ISBN 9780080468549. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Three killings seem to be required in the most popular operational definition of serial killing since they are enough to provide a pattern within the killings without being overly restrictive.
- Flowers, R. Barri (2012). The Dynamics of Murder: Kill or Be Killed. CRC Press. p. 195. ISBN 9781439879740. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. In general, most experts on serial murder require that a minimum of three murders be committed at different times and usually different places for a person to qualify as a serial killer.
- Schechter, Harold (2012). The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Simon and Schuster. p. 73. ISBN 9781439138854. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Most experts seem to agree, however, that to qualify as a serial killer, an individual has to slay a minimum of three unrelated victims.
^ Walton 1992, p. 107.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Welch 2012, p. 74.
^ ^a ^b ^c Walton 1992, p. 109.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Smith, David James (24 May 2009). "Eve Stratford: the bunny girl who was murdered". The Times. London. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b Welch 2012, p. 75.
^ Davenport, Justin (25 September 2007). "Police find DNA link in murders of school pupil and Bunny girl". Evening Standard. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Walton 1992, p. 119.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Police receive more than 50 calls after appeal for help with 1975 murders". The Guardian. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
^ Walton 1992, p. 110.
^ ^a ^b "The brutal unsolved murder where mystery killer cut Leyton Playboy bunny's throat 'almost a dozen times'". MyLondon. 31 August 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
^ "Eve Stratford Bunny Girl who was murdered at this house 61a Lynhurst Drive London..." Alarmy.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Walton 1992, p. 112.
^ ^a ^b Menhinnitt, Dan (25 September 2007). "DNA evidence links murders after 32 years".
^ ^a ^b Walton 1992, p. 116.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Police renew appeal over two 1975 London murders". The Guardian. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Walton 1992, p. 113.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Welch 2012, p. 78.
^ Welch 2012, pp. 74–76.
^ Sandrock, T. A. (20 March 1975). "Nude Picture Bunny Girl Murdered". The Telegraph.
^ ^a ^b Walton 1992, p. 111.
^ "Bunny girl's killer sought". The Guardian. 20 March 1975. p. 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Welch 2012, p. 76.
^ Sandrock, T. A. (22 March 1975). "Flowers clue to killer of Bunny girl". The Telegraph.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Welch 2012, p. 77.
^ ^a ^b Walton 1992, p. 115.
^ Walton 1992, pp. 107–108.
^ "Bunny Girl murder detectives search for 'Miss Marple'". The Telegraph. 27 September 1975.
^ Campbell, Duncan (26 September 2007). "DNA link in 1975 murders". The Guardian. London.
^ "Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon murders: Fresh appeal 40 years after linked killings of teenager and bunny girl". Evening Standard. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
^ "New funding for unsolved murder cases". BBC. 28 March 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
^ "Playboy girl and teen murder appeal". BBC News. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ "Bunny Girl And Teen Murders: Appeal 40 Years On". Sky News. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Young Mother Killed". Daily Mirror. 10 September 1977. p. 2.
^ "1977: Goodbye to all that!". Acton Gazette. 5 January 1978. p. 16.
^ "1977: Goodbye to all that". Hammersmith & Shepherds Bush Gazette. 5 January 1978. p. 14.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h McEachran, Jack (12 May 1983). "Sex case PC faces murderer quiz". Daily Mirror. p. 1 (front cover).
^ ^a ^b ^c "Public help in murder hunt". Acton Gazette. 26 January 1978. p. 15.
^ ^a ^b ^c Clark & Tate 2015, p. 224.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Clark & Tate 2015, p. 225.
^ Clark & Tate 2015, pp. 223–224.
^ ^a ^b ^c Edwards, Jeff (26 September 2007). "BUNNY 'LINK' TO 3 DEATHS". The Mirror. p. 19. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b Clark & Tate 2015.
^ "Murder Squad Warns Parents". Reading Evening Post. 19 June 1980. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b Clark & Tate 2015, p. 289.
^ Clark & Tate 2015, pp. 289–290.
^ ^a ^b Clark & Tate 2015, p. 290.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Edwards, Richard (28 February 2008). "Bouncer 'Confessed to Murder of Schoolgirl'". The Telegraph.
^ ^a ^b Wansell, Geoffrey (2011). The Bus Stop Killer: Milly Dowler, Her Murder and the Full Story of the Sadistic Serial Killer Levi Bellfield. UK: Penguin. ISBN 978-0241952818.
^ ^a ^b Evans, Holly (19 December 2021). "Mysterious death of Patsy Morris, 14, on Hounslow Heath remains unsolved after four decades". My London. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ "Milly calls uncover 97 new leads". BBC News. 28 February 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Davies, Caroline (24 June 2011). "Levi Bellfield: obsessed with schoolgirls and sexual violence". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Levi Bellfield: Getting Away with Murder?" (Television documentary). My5. Channel 5. 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Mansoor, Sarfraz (30 January 2009). "The murderer in our midst". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Wright, Naomi (30 May 2005). "Mayfair Playboy murder re-opened". This is London. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Crimewatch (27 January 2009). 27/01/2009 (TV appeal). BBC One.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Smith, David James (24 May 2009). "HER KILLER THINKS HE GOT AWAY WITH IT 30 YEARS AGO; This bunny girl's brutal murder was one of the most sensational unsolved crimes of the 1970s. Now, three decades on, is the net finally closing in on her killer? David James Smith investigates". Sunday Times. p. 24.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Manhunt detective thinks Playboy Bunny killer's third victim was pregnant mum-of-two". The Mirror. 9 January 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ Chandler, Mark (5 July 2019). "John Blake lands two more true-crime tales from Sutton". The Bookseller. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b Whittock, Jesse (11 May 2022). "Signature Signs Global Rights To British True Crime Docs 'Bellfield' & 'West End Girls: The Search For A Serial Killer' From 'The Real Manhunter' Producer Revelation Films". Deadline. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b "DNA of Peter Sutcliffe Deceased" (Freedom of Information request). WhatDoTheyKnow. 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
^ "Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders". ITV Hub. ITV. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.

Bibliography

Clark, Chris; Tate, Tim (2015). Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders. The True Story of how Peter Sutcliffe's Terrible Reign Claimed at Least 22 More Lives. London: John Blake. ISBN 978-1-78418-418-6.
Walton, Richard (1992). ""Golden Girls' Horrible Mutations" by Richard Walton". Unsolved Mysteries. Kensington Publishing Corporation. pp. 107–120. ISBN 9781558176546.
Welch, Claire (2012). "Eve Stratford". Unsolved Crimes: From the Case Files of The People and Daily Mirror. Yeovil: Haynes. pp. 74–80. ISBN 978-0-857331-75-5.

External links

[Crimewatch1-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Crimewatch (26 September 2007). Crimewatch, 26/09/2007 (Television programme). BBC One. Event occurs at 29:30–43:00.

[bbc1-2] Sharma, Ramaa. "Case of murdered model reopens". BBC.

[Cold_case-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Crimewatch (23 April 2015). Crimewatch, 23/04/2015 (Television programme). BBC One. Event occurs at 43:00–56:00.

[Most_common-4] A serial killer is most commonly defined as a person who kills three or more people for psychological gratification; reliable sources over the years agree. See, for example:
"Serial killer". Segen's Medical Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016 – via TheFreeDictionary.com. A person who murders 3+ people over a period of > 30 days, with an inactive period between each murder, and whose motivation for killing is largely based on psychological gratification.

Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (1998). Serial Murder (Second ed.). Sage. ISBN 978-0-7619-1367-2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2018. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.

Petherick, Wayne (2005). Serial Crime: Theoretical and Practical Issues in Behavioral Profiling. Elsevier. p. 190. ISBN 9780080468549. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Three killings seem to be required in the most popular operational definition of serial killing since they are enough to provide a pattern within the killings without being overly restrictive.

Flowers, R. Barri (2012). The Dynamics of Murder: Kill or Be Killed. CRC Press. p. 195. ISBN 9781439879740. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. In general, most experts on serial murder require that a minimum of three murders be committed at different times and usually different places for a person to qualify as a serial killer.

Schechter, Harold (2012). The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Simon and Schuster. p. 73. ISBN 9781439138854. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Most experts seem to agree, however, that to qualify as a serial killer, an individual has to slay a minimum of three unrelated victims.

[5] "Serial killer". Segen's Medical Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016 – via TheFreeDictionary.com. A person who murders 3+ people over a period of > 30 days, with an inactive period between each murder, and whose motivation for killing is largely based on psychological gratification.

[6] Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (1998). Serial Murder (Second ed.). Sage. ISBN 978-0-7619-1367-2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2018. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.

[7] Petherick, Wayne (2005). Serial Crime: Theoretical and Practical Issues in Behavioral Profiling. Elsevier. p. 190. ISBN 9780080468549. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Three killings seem to be required in the most popular operational definition of serial killing since they are enough to provide a pattern within the killings without being overly restrictive.

[8] Flowers, R. Barri (2012). The Dynamics of Murder: Kill or Be Killed. CRC Press. p. 195. ISBN 9781439879740. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. In general, most experts on serial murder require that a minimum of three murders be committed at different times and usually different places for a person to qualify as a serial killer.

[9] Schechter, Harold (2012). The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Simon and Schuster. p. 73. ISBN 9781439138854. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Most experts seem to agree, however, that to qualify as a serial killer, an individual has to slay a minimum of three unrelated victims.

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