Supercar

For other uses, see Supercar (disambiguation).

Supercar is a term used for a sports car, typically an exotic or rare one, whose performance is highly superior to that of its contemporaries. The proper application of the term is subjective and disputed, especially among enthusiasts. The use of the term is dependent on the era: a vehicle that is considered to be a supercar at one time may not retain its superiority in the future. The automotive press frequently calls new exotic cars "supercars".

Supercar gallery

• The McLaren F1, arguably the greatest supercar ever.
  The McLaren F1, arguably the greatest supercar ever.
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  A Bugatti Veyron, the world's fastest supercar.
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  The Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren
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  The Enzo Ferrari, Ferrari's flagship.
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  The Porsche Carrera GT, Porsche's flagship.
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  The Koenigsegg CCX, a Swedish supercar.
• The Jaguar XJ220, a legendary Supercar.
  The Jaguar XJ220, a legendary Supercar.

Performance criteria

The term supercar usually refers to factory-built, street-legal sports cars, rather than modified production cars that may have similar performance. Supercars are usually designed for road and amateur track use rather than racing alone, and because of this their standard equipment often does not include roll cages and other features required for race cars.

Some common criteria for measuring whether a car should be considered a supercar include the following:

Design

Many supercars have a rear mid-engine (RMR), rear-wheel drive layout, which allows for better distribution of weight. This potentially increases overall traction, or grip, by moving weight away from the front and back ends of the car. The result is often handling, acceleration and braking capabilities that may have otherwise have been impossible to attain. Some supercar makers have started building four-drive supercars as new engines are producing more power than two wheels can take advantage of. For an example, see Bugatti Veyron.

Power-to-weight ratio

Most supercars have high engine power and low vehicle weight (or more technically, mass), for the sake of high acceleration (see Newton's Second Law) and good handling dynamics. For example, the 2004 Porsche Carrera GT masses just 3 kilogram per kilowatt (5 lb/hp)—compare this to the Porsche Boxster with nearly 7.1 kg/kW (11.7 lb/hp). The McLaren F1, introduced in 1991 and one of the fastest supercars of the 20th century, produced 467.6 kW (627.1 hp) against a mass of 1140 kg (2513 lb), translating to 2.44 kg/kW (4.01 lb/hp). Certain vehicles have a high power-to-weight ratio despite their heavy weight, due to a very powerful engine. For example, the Bugatti Veyron carries 2.61 kg/kW (4.30 lb/hp) despite weighing 1950 kg (4299 lb), including fuel , due to its 746 kW (1001 hp) engine. The Koenigsegg CCR and Koenigsegg CCX have the highest power-to-weight ratio among production supercars: with 601 kW (806 hp) (on California grade 91 octane gasoline) and a weight of just 1180 kg (2601 lb) the Koenigsegg carries only 1.96 kg/kW (3.23 lb/hp). According to the Shelby Super Cars website, the Ultimate Aero TT holds the new production record, carrying a mere 1.42 kg/kW (2.33 lb/hp).

Acceleration

Supercars, by the usual definition, offere extremely high acceleration compared to most vehicles, including ordinary sports cars. Some current expectations are as follows:

• 0 to 100 km/h (60 mph): Under 3.5 seconds for virtually all supercars today. The Ultima GTR can go from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.6 seconds and the Bugatti Veyron can do this in 2.5 seconds.
• Standing quarter-mile (400 meter): Under 12 seconds is arguably a requirement, as is a trap or terminal speed of at least 175 km/h (110 mph).
  • The Koenigsegg CCR, introduced in 2004, is officially claimed to run the quarter mile in "9 seconds, end speed 235 km/h (146 mph)"

Top speed

Undisputed supercars can generally exceed way beyond 320 km/h (200 mph). The fastest models today have speeds exceeding 400 km/h (250 mph).

• The McLaren F1, the world's fastest supercar for over a decade, has a topspeed of 387 km/h (245 mph), beating is predecessor, the Jaguar XJ220, which was capable of 350 km/h.

• The Swedish supercar, Koenigsegg CCR, has a topspeed of 390 km/h, officially, while claims of 400 km/h+ (250 mph), has been made.

• The Bugatti Veyron is the world's fastest supercar and roadcar, with a topspeed of 407 km/h (253 mph).

• The 1005 bhp Barabus TKR has a claimed topspeed of 270 mph (432 km/h), though this has not yet been verified. 1

Stopping ability

An increasingly common measure of overall performance, demanding both good acceleration and good brakes, is the 0–160–0 km/h test in which the vehicle is accelerated from a standing start to 160 km/h (100 mph) and then brought back to a dead stop. Several modern supercars can achieve this acceleration and subsequent deceleration in under 10 seconds.

Handling

A supercar is usually built for maximum cornering and road gripping ability in order to achieve superior cornering speeds. Lateral g-forces during the tightest turns can generally exceed 1 g.

A popular benchmark is a lap time around the Nürburgring of under 8 minutes. There are also other tracks where supercars are being tested. Lap time tables from different racetracks are posted at fastestlaps.com.

Other criteria

Gumpert Apollo

In addition to performance, the following criteria are also cited in determining if a particular sports car or exotic car deserves the supercar moniker:

• Brand: Supercars are often very brand-centric (e.g. Ferrari) and a new brand wanting to join the list has to prove itself before its acceptance.
• Styling: Supercars often feature groundbreaking styling elements. The Formula One-inspired Enzo Ferrari, for example, set a new styling direction for that company.
• Rarity: Virtually all cars classified as supercars undergo a very limited production run, typically no more than a few thousand in total. For example, the Corvette Z06, though an extremely fast car, is mass produced and is very common, and thus is not sufficiemtly rare to be considered a supercar.
• Focused design: Supercars are not designed to be practical transportation devices, with functionality varying widely between different examples. Many car body styles (including 2+2 coupe, station wagon, and pickup truck) make inherent tradeoffs of performance potential for utility. By this measure, extreme vehicles like the Dodge Ram SRT 10 are not normally called supercars (in the case of Dodge Ram SRT-10, it is classified as a truck, not car, so the car-based description would not fit anyway). While one undisputed supercar, the McLaren F1, featured seating for three (and had a number of useful storage spaces), performance was not sacrificed, but instead improved by the seating design: the driver's central position lowered the vehicle's polar moment of inertia and increased its turning ability.

Origin of the term Supercar

The designation supercar was first applied to the Lamborghini Miura in a review by legendary british motor journalist L. J. K. Setright.

Historic supercars

Examples of cars that are generally agreed to have been supercars in their time.

• Ferrari 250 GTO
• Ferrari 288 GTO
• Lamborghini Miura
• Lamborghini Countach
• Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing
• Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato
• Porsche 959
• Jaguar XKSS

External links

• SSIP Exotic & supercar guide.