Chen Yun: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 11:31, 7 June 2007

Template:Chinese-name Chen Yun (simplified Chinese: 陈云; traditional Chinese: 陳雲; pinyin: Chén Yún)(also known as Liao Chengyun (廖程雲); it's unclear whether this was his original name or a pseudonym he used during his underground work in Shanghai)(June 13, 1905 – April 10, 1995) was one of the most influential leaders of the People's Republic of China and one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party for almost its entire history. He was one of the Big Five in Communist China along with Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De and considered to be one of the Eight Immortals of Communist Party of China.

A native of Qingpu (now part of Shanghai), Chen was one of the few Communist Party organizers from a working class background; he worked underground as a union organizer in the late 1920s, participated in the Long March, and served on the Central Committee from 1931 to 1987. He was also active in the field of economics, despite receiving no formal education after elementary school.

As a typesetter for the Commercial Press of Shanghai, Chen played a prominent role as a younger organizer in the labor movement during the early and mid 1920s, joining the CCP in 1924. Following the May 30 Movement of 1925, Chen was an important organizer under Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi. After Chiang Kai-shek turned against the CCP in 1927 he fled to his home town, but soon thereafter returned to Shanghai, working underground. He served on the Central Committee in the Third Plenary Session of Sixth Central Committee of CPC in 1930 and became a member of the Politburo in 1934. In 1933 he evacuated to Ruijin,in Jiangxi province,the headquarters of the CCP's main "soviet" area. He was in overall charge of the Party's "white areas" work, that is, underground activities in places not under Party control. On the Long March was one of the four Standing Committee members of the Political Bureau who attended the January 1935 Zunyi Conference. He left the Long March sometime in the spring of 1935, returning to Shanghai, and in September of that year he went to Moscow,serving as one of the CCP's representatives to the Comintern. In 1937 returned to China as an adviser to the Xinjiang leader Sheng Shicai. Chen joined Mao in Yan'an, probably before the end of 1937. In November 1937 he became director of the Party's Organization Department, serving in that capacity until 1944, and by the early 1940s was in the inner circle of Mao's advisers. His writings on organization, ideology, and cadre training were included in the important study materials for the key Zheng Feng, or rectification, campaigns of 1942 which consolidated Mao's power.

In 1944 Chen became responsible for financial affairs in the communist-controlled "Shan-Gan-Ning" border region government,apparently his first experience with what was to become his forte, economic management. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chen accompanied the armies of Lin Biaointo Manchuria, where he and Peng Zhenestablished the Party's Northeastern Bureau.

After the CCP came to power, Chen was known as the "economic czar" in the 1949-1952 period of "reconstruction and rehabilitation." He helped bring under control the debilitating inflation of the final years of the Nationalist era. Chen Yun served as Minister of Heavy Industry and head of the new government's Finance and Economic Commission. He was the main designer of China's first Five Year Plan, initiated in 1954.

In 1956, when the 8th National Congress of Communist Party of China was held, Chen was elected Vice-chairman of Central Committee, but he lost influence in 1957 after leftist elements pushed the ultimately disastrous Great Leap Forward.

As an advocate of gradualism and the use of material incentives rather than social mobilization, Chen’s career was marked by ups and downs over the next decade, and interrupted entirely during the first half of the Cultural Revolution. After the adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up following the death of Mao in 1976, Chen became Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for the next twelve years. A Politburo Standing Committee member for decades, he was one of the Vice-Chairs to the Central Committee until this position was abolished. From 1987 to 1992 he headed the party's Central Advisory Committee, until it was abolished. He is noted for the concept of a "bird-cage economy".

Chen Yun was known for his conservatism, but the general populace in China held mixed feeling about him. He was admired despite his political stands because he was known as the extremely few top ranking officials who were not corrupt. He is known as the founder of Chinese contemporary economy and market reform, and was the first to propose market economy in China.

His son, Chen Yuan, is Governor of the China Development Bank.

References

Nicholas R. Lardy Kenneth Lieberthal, eds., Chen Yün's Strategy for China's Development: A Non-Maoist Alternative (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1983).

Donald W. Klein & Anne B. Clark, Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism (Cambridge, MASS: Harvard University Press, 1971) Vol 1, pp. 149-153.

Chen Yun zhuan [Biography of Chen Yun], Jin Chongji and Chen Qun [Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2005, two volumes,

External Links

Chen Yun, Stephan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Page[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{chinese-name|[[Chen (surname)|Chen]]}}
-'''Chen Yun''' ({{zh-stp |t=陳雲 |s=陈云 |p=Chén Yún}}), born Liao Chenyun ([[June 13]], [[1905]] &ndash; [[April 10]], [[1995]]) was one of the most influential leaders of the [[People's Republic of China]] and one of the top leaders of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] for almost its entire history. He was one of the Big Five in Communist China along with [[Mao Zedong]], [[Liu Shaoqi]], [[Zhou Enlai]], and [[Zhu De]] and considered to be one of the [[Eight Immortals of Communist Party of China]].
+'''Chen Yun''' ({{zh-stp |t=陳雲 |s=陈云 |p=Chén Yún}})(also known as Liao Chengyun (廖程雲); it's unclear whether this was his original name or a pseudonym he used during his underground work in Shanghai)([[June 13]], [[1905]] &ndash; [[April 10]], [[1995]]) was one of the most influential leaders of the [[People's Republic of China]] and one of the top leaders of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] for almost its entire history. He was one of the Big Five in Communist China along with [[Mao Zedong]], [[Liu Shaoqi]], [[Zhou Enlai]], and [[Zhu De]] and considered to be one of the [[Eight Immortals of Communist Party of China]].
 A native of [[Qingpu District|Qingpu]] (now part of [[Shanghai]]), Chen was one of the few Communist Party organizers from a working class background; he worked underground as a union organizer in the late 1920s, participated in the [[Long March]], and served on the Central Committee from 1931 to 1987. He was also active in the field of economics, despite receiving no formal education after elementary school.
-As a typesetter for the [[Commercial Press]] of Shanghai, Chen played a prominent role as a younger organizer in the labor movement during the early and mid 1920s, joining the CCP in 1924. Following the [[May 30 Movement]] of 1925, Chen was an important organizer under [[Zhou Enlai]] and [[Liu Shaoqi]] until the suppression of the CCP in 1927 forced him to flee. He served on the Central Committee in the Third Plenary Session of Sixth Central Committee of CPC in 1930 and on the [[Long March]] was also one of the four Standing Committee members of the Political Bureau who attended the 1935 [[Zunyi Conference]]. He spent the years 1935-1937 in Moscow, returning to become an adviser to the Xinjiang leader [[Sheng Shicai]]. Chen joined Mao in Yan'an, probably before the end of 1937, and by the early 1940s was in the inner circle of Mao's advisers. His writings were included in the important study materials for the key [[Zheng Feng]], or rectification, campaigns of 1942 which consolidated Mao's power. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chen was part of the team dispatched to organize in Manchuria, where he specialized in economic policy.
+As a typesetter for the [[Commercial Press]] of Shanghai, Chen played a prominent role as a younger organizer in the labor movement during the early and mid 1920s, joining the CCP in 1924. Following the [[May 30 Movement]] of 1925, Chen was an important organizer under [[Zhou Enlai]] and [[Liu Shaoqi]]. After [[Chiang Kai-shek]] turned against the CCP in 1927 he fled to his home town, but soon thereafter returned to Shanghai, working underground.  He served on the Central Committee in the Third Plenary Session of Sixth Central Committee of CPC in 1930 and became a member of the Politburo in 1934. In 1933 he evacuated to [[Ruijin]],in [[Jiangxi]] province,the headquarters of the CCP's main "soviet" area. He was in overall charge of the Party's "white areas" work, that is, underground activities in places not under Party control. On the [[Long March]] was one of the four Standing Committee members of the Political Bureau who attended the January 1935 [[Zunyi Conference]]. He left the Long March sometime in the spring of 1935, returning to Shanghai, and in September of that year he went to Moscow,serving as one of the CCP's representatives to the [[Comintern]]. In 1937 returned to China as an adviser to the Xinjiang leader [[Sheng Shicai]]. Chen joined Mao in Yan'an, probably before the end of 1937. In November 1937 he became director of the Party's Organization Department, serving in that capacity until 1944, and by the early 1940s was in the inner circle of Mao's advisers. His writings on organization, ideology, and cadre training were included in the important study materials for the key [[Zheng Feng]], or rectification, campaigns of 1942 which consolidated Mao's power.
+In 1944 Chen became responsible for financial affairs in the communist-controlled "[[Shan-Gan-Ning]]" border region government,apparently his first experience with what was to become his forte, economic management. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chen accompanied the armies of [[Lin Biao]]into Manchuria, where he and [[Peng Zhen]]established the Party's Northeastern Bureau.
-After the CCP came to power, Chen was known as the "economic czar" in the 1949-1952 period of "reconstruction and rehabilitation." Serious inflation broke out. Chen Yun coped with the disorder by means of market rules and regulations instead of political punishment. In 1956, when the 8th National Congress of Communist Party of China was held, Chen was elected Vice-chairman of Central Committee, but he lost influence in 1957 after leftist elements pushed the ultimately disastrous [[Great Leap Forward]].
+After the CCP came to power, Chen was known as the "economic czar" in the 1949-1952 period of "reconstruction and rehabilitation." He helped bring under control the debilitating inflation of the final years of the Nationalist era. Chen Yun served as Minister of Heavy Industry and head of the new government's Finance and Economic Commission. He was the main designer of
+China's first Five Year Plan, initiated in 1954.
+In 1956, when the 8th National Congress of Communist Party of China was held, Chen was elected Vice-chairman of Central Committee, but he lost influence in 1957 after leftist elements pushed the ultimately disastrous [[Great Leap Forward]].
 As an advocate of gradualism and the use of material incentives rather than social mobilization, Chen’s career was marked by ups and downs over the next decade, and interrupted entirely during the first half of the [[Cultural Revolution]]. After the adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up following the death of Mao in 1976, Chen became Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for the next twelve years.  A [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Politburo Standing Committee]] member for decades, he was one of the Vice-Chairs to the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|Central Committee]] until this position was abolished. From 1987 to 1992 he headed the party's Central Advisory Committee, until it was abolished. He is noted for the concept of a "bird-cage economy".