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Several accounts indicate that during the [[Cherry Valley massacre]] or thereafter, Colonel Stacy was stripped naked and tied to a stake, and was about to be tortured and killed, but was spared by Joseph Brant.<ref name = "Barker 35">Barker, Joseph: ''Recollections of the First Settlement of Ohio'', Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio (1958) p. 35; original manuscript written late in Joseph Barker's life, prior to his death in 1843.</ref><ref name = "Edes 70-1">Edes, Richard S. and Darlington, William M.: ''Journal and Letters of Col. John May'', Robert Clarke and Co, Cincinnati, Ohio (1873), pp. 70–1.</ref><ref name = "Drake 465-7">Drake, Francis S.: ''Memorials of the Society of Cincinnati of Massachusetts'', Boston (1873) pp. 465–67.</ref><ref name = "Beardsley 463">Beardsley, Levi: ''Reminiscences; Personal and Other Incidents; Early Settlement of Otsego County'', Charles Vinten, New York (1852) p. 463.</ref><ref>Zimmer, Louise: “Colonel Stacy defies odds of survival”, ''Marietta Times'' newspaper, Marietta, Ohio (March 21, 1994) p. B5.</ref> William Stacy was a [[Freemason]]; [[Joseph Brant]] was an educated American Indian, and had also become a Freemason. It is reported that Stacy made an appeal as one Freemason to another, thus saving his life. Colonel Stacy was subsequently taken to [[Fort Niagara]], the Loyalist base in New York and held prisoner under Colonel Butler during the summer of 1779.<ref name = "Campbell 110-1 82">Campbell, William W.: ''Annals of Tyron County; or, the Border Warfare of New-York during the Revolution'', J. & J. Harper, New York (1831) pp. 110–11, 182.</ref> At Fort Niagara, Molly Brant ([[Mary Brant]]), the sister of Joseph Brant, was hostile toward Stacy, and wanted Colonel Butler to return custody of the Stacy to the Indians. She proclaimed dreams of her and the Indians using Stacy's head in an Indian football game. Colonel Butler placated Molly Brant with rum and protected his prisoner.<ref name = "Campbell 110-1 82" /> Subsequently, from late-1779 through mid-1782, Colonel Stacy was held prisoner at [[Fort Chambly]] near [[Montreal]].<ref name = "McHenry">McHenry, Chris: ''Rebel Prisoners at Quebec 1778-1783, Being a List of American Prisoners Held by the British during the Revolutionary War'', Lawrenceburg, Indiana (1981).</ref>
Several accounts indicate that during the [[Cherry Valley massacre]] or thereafter, Colonel Stacy was stripped naked and tied to a stake, and was about to be tortured and killed, but was spared by Joseph Brant.<ref name = "Barker 35">Barker, Joseph: ''Recollections of the First Settlement of Ohio'', Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio (1958) p. 35; original manuscript written late in Joseph Barker's life, prior to his death in 1843.</ref><ref name = "Edes 70-1">Edes, Richard S. and Darlington, William M.: ''Journal and Letters of Col. John May'', Robert Clarke and Co, Cincinnati, Ohio (1873), pp. 70–1.</ref><ref name = "Drake 465-7">Drake, Francis S.: ''Memorials of the Society of Cincinnati of Massachusetts'', Boston (1873) pp. 465–67.</ref><ref name = "Beardsley 463">Beardsley, Levi: ''Reminiscences; Personal and Other Incidents; Early Settlement of Otsego County'', Charles Vinten, New York (1852) p. 463.</ref><ref>Zimmer, Louise: “Colonel Stacy defies odds of survival”, ''Marietta Times'' newspaper, Marietta, Ohio (March 21, 1994) p. B5.</ref> William Stacy was a [[Freemason]]; [[Joseph Brant]] was an educated American Indian, and had also become a Freemason. It is reported that Stacy made an appeal as one Freemason to another, thus saving his life. Colonel Stacy was subsequently taken to [[Fort Niagara]], the Loyalist base in New York and held prisoner under Colonel Butler during the summer of 1779.<ref name = "Campbell 110-1 82">Campbell, William W.: ''Annals of Tyron County; or, the Border Warfare of New-York during the Revolution'', J. & J. Harper, New York (1831) pp. 110–11, 182.</ref> At Fort Niagara, Molly Brant ([[Mary Brant]]), the sister of Joseph Brant, was hostile toward Stacy, and wanted Colonel Butler to return custody of the Stacy to the Indians. She proclaimed dreams of her and the Indians using Stacy's head in an Indian football game. Colonel Butler placated Molly Brant with rum and protected his prisoner.<ref name = "Campbell 110-1 82" /> Subsequently, from late-1779 through mid-1782, Colonel Stacy was held prisoner at [[Fort Chambly]] near [[Montreal]].<ref name = "McHenry">McHenry, Chris: ''Rebel Prisoners at Quebec 1778-1783, Being a List of American Prisoners Held by the British during the Revolutionary War'', Lawrenceburg, Indiana (1981).</ref>


As a prisoner-of-war, Colonel Stacy was the subject of high level correspondence and actions of General [[George Washington]] and other leaders of the Continental Army. General Lafayette ([[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette]]), who fought with the Americans during the Revolution, hand-carried a letter from Continental Army General [[William Heath]] to General Washington, describing a reported Loyalist and British strategy concerning Stacy. The Loyalist strategy was to continue holding Colonel Stacy as a prisoner-of-war, and to use Stacy in a prisoner exchange, should Butler or another ranking Loyalist officer be captured by the Continental Army.<ref>''Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series, Vol. V.'', Boston (1905) pp. 60, 324.</ref> General Washington attempted to orchestrate a prisoner exchange for Colonel Stacy,<ref name = "Sparks 211">Sparks, Jared: ''The Writings of George Washington, Vol VII'', Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 211.</ref> but was unsuccessful.
As a [[Prisoners in the American Revolutionary War|prisoner-of-war]], Colonel Stacy was the subject of high level correspondence and actions of General [[George Washington]] and other leaders of the Continental Army. General Lafayette ([[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette]]), who fought with the Americans during the Revolution, hand-carried a letter from Continental Army General [[William Heath]] to General Washington, describing a reported Loyalist and British strategy concerning Stacy. The Loyalist strategy was to continue holding Colonel Stacy as a prisoner-of-war, and to use Stacy in a prisoner exchange, should Butler or another ranking Loyalist officer be captured by the Continental Army.<ref>''Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series, Vol. V.'', Boston (1905) pp. 60, 324.</ref> General Washington attempted to orchestrate a prisoner exchange for Colonel Stacy,<ref name = "Sparks 211">Sparks, Jared: ''The Writings of George Washington, Vol VII'', Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 211.</ref> but was unsuccessful.


General Washington gave Stacy a gold snuff box as a personal memento after the war.<ref name = "Connecticut Valley 668">''History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Vol. II'', Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia (1879) chapter on New Salem, section on Revolutionary Reminiscences, p. 668. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)</ref> Colonel Stacy was released at the end of the war, during August 1782.<ref name = "McHenry" /><ref>Lemonds, Leo L.: ''Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero'', Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 27.</ref> William Stacy's nephew, Nathaniel Stacy, writes that his first memory of childhood was the return of Col. William Stacy to New Salem after the war.<ref>Stacy, Nathaniel: ''Memoirs of the Life of Nathaniel Stacy'', Abner Vedder, Columbus, Pennsylvania (1850) pp. 24, 34.</ref>
General Washington gave Stacy a gold snuff box as a personal memento after the war.<ref name = "Connecticut Valley 668">''History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Vol. II'', Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia (1879) chapter on New Salem, section on Revolutionary Reminiscences, p. 668. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)</ref> Colonel Stacy was released at the end of the war, during August 1782.<ref name = "McHenry" /><ref>Lemonds, Leo L.: ''Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero'', Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 27.</ref> William Stacy's nephew, Nathaniel Stacy, writes that his first memory of childhood was the return of Col. William Stacy to New Salem after the war.<ref>Stacy, Nathaniel: ''Memoirs of the Life of Nathaniel Stacy'', Abner Vedder, Columbus, Pennsylvania (1850) pp. 24, 34.</ref>

Revision as of 21:08, 7 September 2007

William Stacy
Born1734
Gloucester, Massachusetts
Died1802
Marietta, Ohio
Occupation(s)shoemaker, farmer, banker, minuteman, Continental Army officer, pioneer
Spouse(s)Sarah Day, 1754-1790
Hannah Sheffield, 1790-1802
ChildrenWilliam Jr.

Joseph
Sarah
Benjamin
Nymphas
Elizabeth
John
Philemon

Gideon
Parent(s)Nymphas Stacy
Hannah Littlehale Stacy

William Stacy (1734–1802) was an officer of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and a pioneer to the Ohio Country. Published histories describe his participation in colorful events such as: rallying the militia on a village common in Massachusetts; participating in the Battle of Bunker Hill; being captured by Loyalists and American Indians at the Cherry Valley massacre; narrowly escaping a death by burning at the stake; General George Washington's efforts to obtain Stacy's release from captivity and Washington's gift of a gold snuff box to Stacy at the end of the war; Stacy's post-war life as a pioneer helping to establish the first organized settlement in the Northwest Territory; and finally, his ice skating thirty miles up a frozen river at age 56, warning two of his sons of a possible Indian attack, which occurred several days later as the Big Bottom massacre. William Stacy's surname has also been spelled as Stacey, Stacia, and Stacie; the correct spelling is Stacy. He is often referred to as Colonel Stacy, an abbreviation of his last rank of lieutenant colonel.

Early life

William Stacy was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts in 1734 and died in Marietta, Ohio in 1802.[1] Slightly different years of birth and death have been incorrectly reported. Stacy grew up in Gloucester on the coast of Massachusetts and worked as a shoemaker, a trade learned from his father; he may also have worked in the seafaring business. William Stacy married Sarah Day in 1754. Subsequently, during 1757, they moved away from the coast to New Salem in western Massachusetts, and raised a large family. Stacy took up farming and continued his work as a shoemaker. He also became a commercial banker, loaning money at interest before there were any banks in the area. His customers were from New Salem and other towns in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. By the time of his early middle age, William Stacy was living a comfortable life; he was successful and widely known.[2] During 1775, at the age of 41, William Stacy’s life entered a new chapter with the onset of friction between the Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire.

Opening days of the Revolutionary War

New Salem Town Common
File:WmStacyNewSalemMA02.jpg
William Stacy plaque

William Stacy was an active revolutionary at the very beginning of the American War of Independence. By one account, he entered service at on April 19, 1775,[3] the day of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and the opening day of the war. This would likely place Stacy near the action as patriots routed the British troops from Concord back to Boston.

Another account has William Stacy rallying the militia at his home village of New Salem, in the western portion of the colony, on April 20 1775 upon receiving the news of Lexington and Concord.[4] A memorial plaque was dedicated to Colonel Stacy in 1956 on the village common (village green) of New Salem.[5][6][7] The story reflected on the plaque has been handed down for generations beginning with an early history in 1841,[4] and was included in the publication of the New Salem sesquicentennial commission in 1904.[8] The inscription on the plaque reads:[7]

Alarm bells called the citizens to this green April 20, 1775 to learn of the battle at Lexington. There was indecision until 1st Lt. Stacy stepped forward and said “Fellow soldiers, I don't know how it is with you, but for me I will no longer serve a king that murders my own countrymen.” Pulling out his commission from the crown he tore it to bits and trod it underfoot. Amid wild cheers a militia company of patriots was formed and under the gallant Stacy as Captain marched off to Cambridge. May such patriotism ever be with us.

The New Salem bicentennial commission and town historian later speculated that this event might have occurred earlier, at the time of the Powder Alarm during 1774, a precursor to the events at Lexington and Concord.[9]

The Battle of Bunker Hill

As the war began, William Stacy served as major in Colonel Benjamin Woodbridge's regiment of Minutemen, which was organized into Woodbridge's 25th Massachusetts Regiment.[3] Woodbridge's regiment was based at Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Boston, and participated in the Siege of Boston and the Battle of Bunker Hill, the first large-scale battle of the war.[10][11] An orderly book shows that on June 13 1775, several days before the battle, Major Stacy was officer of the night guard, while Colonel William Prescott, who would be the primary leader of patriot forces during the battle, was officer of the day.[12] Stacy was recommended for commission on June 16, the day before the battle.[3] On June 17, 1775, Woodbridge's regiment of 300 soldiers arrived at Bunker Hill and took up positions immediately prior to the battle.[10][11] The men of Woodbridge's regiment joined Colonel Prescott's regiment at the redoubt (fortifications) and breastwork on the hill, and were also positioned on the right flank.[13]

The Battle of Bunker Hill, Howard Pyle, 1897

The defenders on the right flank fought valiantly from behind what cover they could find.[14] The men at the redoubt and breastwork fought until they had no more bullets, finally fighting with the butts of their guns, rocks, and their bare hands.[15] Woodbridge's regiment “was not commissioned, and there are few details of it, or of its officers, in the accounts of the battle.”[11] A known detail related to the regiment was an affidavit signed by William Stacy with regard to a fellow patriot who was killed in action at Bunker Hill.[16] Sergeant Benjamin Haskell (Haskall), also of New Salem and also a co-signer of that same affidavit, was reportedly in the center of the action near General Joseph Warren when Warren was killed during the battle.[8] The New Salem sesquicentennial commission paid homage to Stacy, Haskell, and others of that village, proclaiming:[17]

And in those days of darkness and disaster, which, as they come to all nations, will surely again come to us, he will tell us of another Jeremiah Meacham, of more Jeremiah Ballards, of another Benjamin Haskell, of another William Stacy…

Cherry Valley massacre, and prisoner of war

Subsequently during the American Revolution, William Stacy served as lieutenant colonel in Colonel Ichabod Alden's 7th Massachusetts Regiment.[18] The regiment was sent to Cherry Valley, New York to protect the local population from Loyalists and American Indians. The Loyalists were organized as Butler's Rangers, a Loyalist militia in the British Army, led by Colonel John Butler and his son, Captain Walter Butler. The Loyalists operated together with American Indians, under the leadership of Joseph Brant, a Mohawk leader also know as Thayendanegea.[19]

Incident in Cherry Valley — Fate of Jane Wells from the original picture by Alonzo Chappel, engraved by Thomas Phillibrown

Lieutenant William McKendry, a quartermaster in Colonel Alden's regiment, kept a journal with firsthand accounts of the actions at Cherry Valley.[20] One of his lighter notes concerning Colonel Stacy was a journal entry for October 6 1778: “Col. Stacy and Capt. Ballard had a horse race. Col. Stacy won the bet.” However, one month later, Cherry Valley experienced the ravages of war. McKendry's journal entry for November 11, 1778 described the attack: “Immediately came on 442 Indians from the Five Nations, 200 Tories under the command of one Col. Butler and Capt. Brant; attacked headquarters; killed Col. Alden; took Col. Stacy prisoner; attacked Fort Alden; after three hours retreated without success of taking the fort.” (It was actually Captain Butler, not Colonel Butler, commanding the attack.[21]) McKendry identified the killed as Colonel Alden and thirteen other soldiers, and thirty inhabitants during this Cherry Valley massacre. Three months later, in his journal entry for February 12 1779, McKendry describes receiving a report from an Indian of William Stacy in captivity; Stacy was apparently concerned to reassure his fellow soldiers: “the last he knew of Col. Stacy he was well and in good spirits, and told him not to mind it for it was only the fortune of war.”

Several accounts indicate that during the Cherry Valley massacre or thereafter, Colonel Stacy was stripped naked and tied to a stake, and was about to be tortured and killed, but was spared by Joseph Brant.[22][23][24][25][26] William Stacy was a Freemason; Joseph Brant was an educated American Indian, and had also become a Freemason. It is reported that Stacy made an appeal as one Freemason to another, thus saving his life. Colonel Stacy was subsequently taken to Fort Niagara, the Loyalist base in New York and held prisoner under Colonel Butler during the summer of 1779.[27] At Fort Niagara, Molly Brant (Mary Brant), the sister of Joseph Brant, was hostile toward Stacy, and wanted Colonel Butler to return custody of the Stacy to the Indians. She proclaimed dreams of her and the Indians using Stacy's head in an Indian football game. Colonel Butler placated Molly Brant with rum and protected his prisoner.[27] Subsequently, from late-1779 through mid-1782, Colonel Stacy was held prisoner at Fort Chambly near Montreal.[28]

As a prisoner-of-war, Colonel Stacy was the subject of high level correspondence and actions of General George Washington and other leaders of the Continental Army. General Lafayette (Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette), who fought with the Americans during the Revolution, hand-carried a letter from Continental Army General William Heath to General Washington, describing a reported Loyalist and British strategy concerning Stacy. The Loyalist strategy was to continue holding Colonel Stacy as a prisoner-of-war, and to use Stacy in a prisoner exchange, should Butler or another ranking Loyalist officer be captured by the Continental Army.[29] General Washington attempted to orchestrate a prisoner exchange for Colonel Stacy,[30] but was unsuccessful.

General Washington gave Stacy a gold snuff box as a personal memento after the war.[31] Colonel Stacy was released at the end of the war, during August 1782.[28][32] William Stacy's nephew, Nathaniel Stacy, writes that his first memory of childhood was the return of Col. William Stacy to New Salem after the war.[33]

Marietta and the Ohio Country

File:WmStacyMariettaOH01.jpg
William Stacy marker in Marietta
File:WmStacyMariettaOH02.jpg
William Stacy marker, facing prehistoric Indian burial mound

During early 1788, at about 54 years of age, William Stacy joined with other Revolutionary War officers as a pioneer to the Ohio Country, and was involved in establishing Marietta, Ohio at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers as the first permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory. Colonel Stacy joined this venture as a shareholder in the Ohio Company of Associates,[34][35] which was formed and led by General Rufus Putnam. General Lafayette visited Marietta years later and described these pioneers and former officers: “They were the bravest of brave. Better men never lived.”[36] George Washington commented “I know most of the settlers personally, and there never were men better calculated to promote the welfare of such a community.”[37] Marietta is located in the county of Ohio bearing Washington's name.

During the settlement of the Ohio Country, two of Colonel Stacy's sons were with a small group of pioneers attempting to establish a settlement on some good potential farmland known as Big Bottom, upriver from Marietta on the Muskingum River. Colonel Stacy ice skated thirty miles up the frozen river in late December 1790 and warned his sons about the danger of a possible Indian attack. His concerns were realized several days later on January 2 1791 with the occurrence of the Big Bottom massacre, and the beginning of the Northwest Indian War. Twelve people were killed in the attack, including Stacy's son John. His son Philemon was taken captive and died later.[38][39][40][41][42]

William Stacy was a prominent and active member of the pioneer settlement of Marietta. He organized the construction of a stockade to protect the settlers from Indians,[43][44] he was an officer in the militia, and he was an officer on the first board of police.[45] Additionally, he served as an officer of the township of Marietta, and he owned one of two flour mills in the settlement.[46][47] William Stacy was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati and an original member of the American Union Lodge No. 1 (Freemasons) at Marietta.[48][47] Stacy was honored with the position of Foreman of the first Grand Jury in the Northwest Territory. This was an important event, as this court was the first establishment of civil and criminal law in the pioneer country.[46]

William Stacy lost his wife Sarah to smallpox during March of 1790 after 36 years of marriage. He subsequently married Hannah Sheffield during July of that year. William Stacy died in Marietta during 1802 at about 68 years of age. He was buried in Marietta at Mound Cemetery, the site of an ancient American Indian burial ground. Colonel Stacy has good company in his final resting place; twenty-four Revolutionary War officers were buried in Mound Cemetery, the largest number of Revolutionary War officers buried in one location.[49] A new memorial marker was erected in 1928 in Mound Cemetery by descendants and dedicated to Stacy, an American patriot and pioneer.

References

  1. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) pp. 13, 15-16, 61.
  2. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) pp. 15-16.
  3. ^ a b c Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol 14, online database, The Generations Network Inc., Provo, Utah (1998); original data from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol. 14, Wright and Potter Printing Co., Boston (1896), pp. 796, 805.
  4. ^ a b Barber, John Warner: Historical Collections, being a General Collection of Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, etc., relating to the History and Antiquities of Every Town in Massachusetts, with Geographical Descriptions, Dorr, Howland, & Co., Worcester, Massachusetts (1841) chapter on Franklin County, section on New Salem, pp. 264–65.
  5. ^ Hunting, Beatrice Fay: “Plaque Honoring William Stacy to be Uncovered Tomorrow at New Salem”, Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 4, 1956).
  6. ^ Hunting, Beatrice Fay: “Donor Attends Unveiling of Stacy Plaque at New Salem”, and Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 11, 1956).
  7. ^ a b Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 2.
  8. ^ a b New Salem Sesqui-Centennial and History of the Town 1903, Athol, Massachusetts (1904) p. 21. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)
  9. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) pp. 99-100.
  10. ^ a b Swett, S.: History of Bunker Hill Battle, With a Plan, Second Edition, Munroe and Francis, Boston (1826) ‘Preliminary Chapter’ p. 5 (re/Stacy), and chapter ‘The Battle’ p. 30 (re/Woodbridge's regiment).
  11. ^ a b c Frothingham, Jr., Richard: History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill, Second Edition, published by Charles C. Little and James Brown, Boston (1851) Chapters V and VII, regarding the Bunker Hill Battle, p. 136 (re/Woodbridge's regiment) and p. 183 (re/Stacy).
  12. ^ Frothingham, Jr., Richard: The Battle-Field of Bunker Hill, a paper communicated to the Massachusetts Historical Society, June 10, 1875, Boston (1876) in a section regarding ‘Extracts from an Orderly Book,’ pp. 38–9.
  13. ^ Ketchum, Richard M.: Decisive Day, the Battle for Bunker Hill, Henry Holt and Company, Owl Books Edition, New York (1999) p. 146.
  14. ^ Ketchum, Richard M.: Decisive Day, the Battle for Bunker Hill, Henry Holt and Company, Owl Books Edition, New York (1999) p. 163.
  15. ^ Ketchum, Richard M.: Decisive Day, the Battle for Bunker Hill, Henry Holt and Company, Owl Books Edition, New York (1999) pp. 172–74.
  16. ^ Dean, John Ward (Editor): The New England Historical & Genealogical Register, 1895,Vol XLIX, Boston (1895) in the section entitled ‘Captain William Meacham at Bunker Hill,’ p. 203.
  17. ^ New Salem Sesqui-Centennial and History of the Town 1903, Athol, Massachusetts (1904) p. 49.
  18. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 17.
  19. ^ Stone, William L.: Life of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea) including the Border Wars of the American Revolution, J. Munsell, Albany, New York (1865) pp. 372, 374, 386–87.
  20. ^ Young, Edward J.: Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. II – Second Series, 1855–1886, University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1886) section entitled Journal of William McKendry, pp. 436–78.
  21. ^ Ketchum, William: An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with some account of Its Early Inhabitants both Savage and Civilized, Rockwell, Baker, and Hill, Buffalo, New York (1864) p. 322.
  22. ^ Barker, Joseph: Recollections of the First Settlement of Ohio, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio (1958) p. 35; original manuscript written late in Joseph Barker's life, prior to his death in 1843.
  23. ^ Edes, Richard S. and Darlington, William M.: Journal and Letters of Col. John May, Robert Clarke and Co, Cincinnati, Ohio (1873), pp. 70–1.
  24. ^ Drake, Francis S.: Memorials of the Society of Cincinnati of Massachusetts, Boston (1873) pp. 465–67.
  25. ^ Beardsley, Levi: Reminiscences; Personal and Other Incidents; Early Settlement of Otsego County, Charles Vinten, New York (1852) p. 463.
  26. ^ Zimmer, Louise: “Colonel Stacy defies odds of survival”, Marietta Times newspaper, Marietta, Ohio (March 21, 1994) p. B5.
  27. ^ a b Campbell, William W.: Annals of Tyron County; or, the Border Warfare of New-York during the Revolution, J. & J. Harper, New York (1831) pp. 110–11, 182.
  28. ^ a b McHenry, Chris: Rebel Prisoners at Quebec 1778-1783, Being a List of American Prisoners Held by the British during the Revolutionary War, Lawrenceburg, Indiana (1981).
  29. ^ Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series, Vol. V., Boston (1905) pp. 60, 324.
  30. ^ Sparks, Jared: The Writings of George Washington, Vol VII, Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 211.
  31. ^ History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Vol. II, Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia (1879) chapter on New Salem, section on Revolutionary Reminiscences, p. 668. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)
  32. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 27.
  33. ^ Stacy, Nathaniel: Memoirs of the Life of Nathaniel Stacy, Abner Vedder, Columbus, Pennsylvania (1850) pp. 24, 34.
  34. ^ Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume I, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pp. xliv, cxxxi, 117, 131.
  35. ^ Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume II, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pp. 2, 50, 56, 147, 202, 241.
  36. ^ Cutler, Julia Perkins: Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, Robert Clarke and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1890) pp. 202–03.
  37. ^ Cutler, Julia Perkins: Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, Robert Clarke and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1890) pp. 23–4.
  38. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 47.
  39. ^ Pritchard, Joan: “Area man discovers long roots”, Marietta A.M. newspaper, Parkersburg, West Virginia (July 24, 1994) p. 1., including article text, photo, and photo caption.
  40. ^ Zimmer, Louise: More True Stories from Pioneer Valley, published by Sugden Book Store, Marietta, Ohio (1993) chapter 10 entitled Massacre at Big Bottom, pp. 92–101.
  41. ^ Lane, Eula Rogers: Ode to the Big Bottom Massacre, Richardson Printing, Marietta, Ohio (1975).
  42. ^ Hildreth, S. P.: Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848) p. 434.
  43. ^ Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume I, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pg xliv, cxxxi, 117, 131.
  44. ^ Hildreth, S. P.: Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848) p. 326.
  45. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 37.
  46. ^ a b Hildreth, S. P.: Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848) pp. 226, 233, 273, 326–27, 333–34, 432–34, 439.
  47. ^ a b Summers, Thomas J.: History of Marietta, The Leader Publishing Co., Marietta, Ohio (1903) pp. 81, 100–02, 294–95.
  48. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) pp. 57–8.
  49. ^ Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993) p. 62.

Bibliography

File:WmStacyNewSalemMA03.jpg
William Stacy plaque in New Salem, Massachusetts
File:WmStacyMariettaOH03.jpg
Revolutionary War soldiers at Mound Cemetery, Marietta, Ohio
  • Barber, John Warner: Historical Collections, being a General Collection of Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, etc., relating to the History and Antiquities of Every Town in Massachusetts, with Geographical Descriptions, Dorr, Howland, & Co., Worcester, Massachusetts (1841) chapter on Franklin County, section on New Salem, pp. 264–65. The 1844 edition of this historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Historical Collections of Massachusetts.
  • Barber, John Warner: Historical Collections of the State of New York, containing a General Collection of the Most Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, etc., relating to its History and Antiquities, with Geographical Descriptions of Every Township in the State, S. Tuttle, New York (1842) pp. 442–43. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Historical Collections of New York.
  • Barker, Joseph: Recollections of the First Settlement of Ohio, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio (1958) p. 35; original manuscript written late in Joseph Barker's life, prior to his death in 1843.
  • Beardsley, Levi: Reminiscences; Personal and Other Incidents; Early Settlement of Otsego County, Charles Vinten, New York (1852) p. 463. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Early Settlement of Otsego County.
  • Bradford, Alden: History of Massachusetts, From 1764, to July, 1775: When General Washington took Command of the American Army, Richardson and Lord, Boston (1822) Chapter XVI (including the Bunker Hill Battle), pp. 382–83. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Massachusetts.
  • Campbell, William W.: Annals of Tyron County; or, the Border Warfare of New-York during the Revolution, J. & J. Harper, New York (1831) pp. 110–11, 182. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Annals of Tyron County.
  • Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series, Vol. V., Boston (1905) pp. 60, 324. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
  • Cutler, Julia Perkins: Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, Robert Clarke and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1890) pp. 23–4, 202–03. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler.
  • Dean, John Ward (Editor): The New England Historical & Genealogical Register, 1895,Vol XLIX, Boston (1895) in the section entitled ‘Captain William Meacham at Bunker Hill,’ p. 203.
  • Drake, Francis S.: Memorials of the Society of Cincinnati of Massachusetts, Boston (1873) pp. 465–67. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Memorials of the Society of Cincinnati.
  • Edes, Richard S. and Darlington, William M.: Journal and Letters of Col. John May, Robert Clarke and Co, Cincinnati, Ohio (1873), pp. 70–1. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Journal and Letters of Col. John May.
  • Frothingham, Jr., Richard: History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill, Second Edition, published by Charles C. Little and James Brown, Boston (1851) Chapters V and VII, regarding the Bunker Hill Battle, p. 136 (re/Woodbridge’s regiment) and p. 183 (re/Stacy). This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Siege of Boston.
  • Frothingham, Jr., Richard: The Battle-Field of Bunker Hill, a paper communicated to the Massachusetts Historical Society, June 10, 1875, Boston (1876) in a section regarding ‘Extracts from an Orderly Book,’ pp. 38–9. This historical paper is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Battle Field of Bunker Hill.
  • Harvey, Arthur: Transactions of the Canadian Institute, Vol. IV 1892–93, Copp, Clark Company, Toronto (1895) pp. 288, 291. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Transactions of the Canadian Institute.
  • Hildreth, S. P.: Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848) pp. 226, 233, 273, 326–27, 333–34, 432–34, 439. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory.
  • History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Vol. II, Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia (1879) chapter on New Salem, section on Revolutionary Reminiscences, p. 668. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)
  • Holland, Josiah Gilbert: History of Western Massachusetts, the Counties of Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire, Vol. I-Parts I and II, Samuel Bowles and Company, Springfield, Massachusetts (1855) Chapter XV, p. 214. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Western Massachusetts.
  • Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume I, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pp. xliv, cxxxi, 117, 131. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Ohio Company, Volume I.
  • Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume II, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pp. 2, 50, 56, 147, 202, 241. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Ohio Company, Volume II.
  • Hunting, Beatrice Fay: “Plaque Honoring William Stacy to be Uncovered Tomorrow at New Salem”, Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 4, 1956).
  • Hunting, Beatrice Fay: “Donor Attends Unveiling of Stacy Plaque at New Salem”, Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 11, 1956).
  • Ketchum, Richard M.: Decisive Day, the Battle for Bunker Hill, Henry Holt and Company, Owl Books Edition, New York (1999). ISBN 0-8050-6099-5
  • Ketchum, William: An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with some account of Its Early Inhabitants both Savage and Civilized, Rockwell, Baker, and Hill, Buffalo, New York (1864) p. 322. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Buffalo.
  • Lane, Eula Rogers: Ode to the Big Bottom Massacre, Richardson Printing, Marietta, Ohio (1975).
  • Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993). ISBN 0-933909-09-8
  • Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol 14, online database, The Generations Network Inc., Provo, Utah (1998); original data from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol. 14, Wright and Potter Printing Co., Boston (1896), pp. 796, 805.
  • McHenry, Chris: Rebel Prisoners at Quebec 1778-1783, Being a List of American Prisoners Held by the British during the Revolutionary War, Lawrenceburg, Indiana (1981).
  • Moore, Frank: Diary of the American Revolution from Newspapers and Original Documents, Charles Scribner, New York (1860), pp. 104-05. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at American Revolution from Original Documents.
  • New Salem Sesqui-Centennial and History of the Town 1903, Athol, Massachusetts (1904) pp. 21, 49. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy’s son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.) This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at New Salem Sesquicentennial.
  • Pritchard, Joan: “Area man discovers long roots”, Marietta A.M. newspaper, Parkersburg, West Virginia (July 24, 1994) p. 1., including article text, photo, and photo caption.
  • Public Papers of George Clinton, First Governor of New York, Vol. IV, James B. Lyon, Albany, New York (1900) pp. 286, 292–93. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Public Papers of George Clinton.
  • Sparks, Jared: The Writings of George Washington, Vol VII, Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 211. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Writings of George Washington.
  • Stacy, Nathaniel: Memoirs of the Life of Nathaniel Stacy, Abner Vedder, Columbus, Pennsylvania (1850) pp. 24, 34.
  • Stone, William L.: Life of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea) including the Border Wars of the American Revolution, J. Munsell, Albany, New York (1865) pp. 372, 374, 386–87. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Life of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea).
  • Summers, Thomas J.: History of Marietta, The Leader Publishing Co., Marietta, Ohio (1903) pp. 81, 100–02, 294–95. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Marietta.
  • Swett, S.: History of Bunker Hill Battle, With a Plan, Second Edition, Munroe and Francis, Boston (1826) ‘Preliminary Chapter’ p. 5 (re/Stacy), and chapter ‘The Battle’ p. 30 (re/Woodbridge’s regiment). This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Bunker Hill Battle.
  • Young, Edward J.: Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. II – Second Series, 1855–1886, University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1886) section entitled Journal of William McKendry, pp. 436–78. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
  • Zimmer, Louise: “Colonel Stacy defies odds of survival”, Marietta Times newspaper, Marietta, Ohio (March 21, 1994) p. B5.
  • Zimmer, Louise: More True Stories from Pioneer Valley, published by Sugden Book Store, Marietta, Ohio (1993) chapter 10 entitled Massacre at Big Bottom, pp. 92–101.
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