Stock footage

Stock footage, and similarly, archive footage, library pictures and file footage are film or video footage that is not custom shot for use in a specific film or television program. Stock footage is of great use to filmmakers as it is far cheaper than shooting a needed scene. Stock footage can also be used to integrate news footage or notable figures into a film. For instance, the Academy Award-winning film Forrest Gump used stock footage extensively, modified with computer generated imagery to portray the lead character meeting historic figures such as John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, and John Lennon.

One of the largest producers of public domain stock footage is the United States government. All videos produced by the United States military, NASA, and other agencies are available for use as stock footage. There are a number of companies that own the copyrights to large libraries of stock footage and charge film makers a fee for using it, but they rarely demand royalties. Stock footage comes from a myriad of sources; including the public domain, other movies and television programs, news outlets and purpose-shot stock footage.

Television and movies series also often use stock footage taken from previous installments. For instance, all the Star Trek series kept a collection of shots of starships that would appear on a regular basis, being used most of the time a ship was seen.

News programs use film footage from their archives often when more recent images are not available. Such usage is often labeled on-screen as "Library pictures".

Use of stock footage is a cost-effective way to add production values to television and film projects and when artfully done is indistinguishable from the body of the work.

Some series, particularly those made for children, reuse footage that is repeated in many episodes. Using such footage means that they do not have to continually repeating the filming of the scene, cutting costs and time and, for a young audience, increasing familiarity. This introduces problems such as the requirement to, for example, wear the same clothing and inconsistency can sometimes become a problem. When cleverly filmed it is possible to avoid many of these problems.

Examples of stock footage

• Moving images of cities and landmarks
• Moving images of natural environment
• Historical footage

Stock footage is most often used to establish the location of a production or is used to compile composite moving images which create the illusion of having on-camera performers appear to be on location.

Suppliers of stock footage fall into two categories; rights-managed and royalty-free. Many websites offer direct downloads of QuickTime clips, the standard now in use for NLE applications.

Examples in popular culture

• The Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Trials and Tribble-ations" used stock footage from the Star Trek: The Original Series episodes "The Trouble with Tribbles" and "Mirror, Mirror".
• Jaws: The Revenge used stock footage from the first Jaws film.
• Most of the Godzilla films have stock footage.
• The movie Airplane II: The Sequel uses stock footage of failed flying machines in a parody of a flashback scene. The same footage has appeared in several other productions, notably Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines.
• Various American television shows, including The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Late Show with David Letterman, have made use of the "Monkey washing a cat" footage for comic effect.
• Through the use of stock footage from Superman: The Movie and Superman 2, Marlon Brando was able to reprise his role as Jor-El in the 2006 film Superman Returns after his death.
• Television interviews and press conferences of Robert F. Kennedy were incorporated into Emilio Estevez's Bobby.
• Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends constantly add scenes shot in one episode into another, commonly done in Seasons 1 and 2.

Examples of popular stock footage providers

• Artbeats [1]
• Creatas [2]
• CNN Image Source [3]
• Footage Firm [4]
• Getty Images [5]