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Caffeine, is well-known as a stimulant of the central nervous system, heart, and respiration. It is also a diuretic. It occurs naturally in coffee beans, tea, cacao beans (ingredients of chocolate), kola nuts, yerba mate, and guarana. It is sometimes added to soft drinks such as cola.

Caffeine, C₈H₁₀N₄O₂,

or 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione,

is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compunds theophylline and theobromine. In its pure state it is an intensely bitter white powder.

A typical cup of drip-brewed coffee contains 100 to 200 mg of caffeine. A single shot (1 - 1.5 oz.) of espresso contains about 100mg. Stimulant pills may contain as much as 200 mg each. The LD₅₀ is estimated to be about 10 grams, the equivalent of about 50 cups of coffee.

Continued consumption of caffeine can lead to tolerance. Upon withdrawal, the body becomes oversensitive to adenosine, causing blood pressure to drop dramatically, leading to headache and other symptoms.

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+'''Caffeine,''' is well-known as a stimulant of the central nervous system, heart, and respiration.  It is also a [[diuretic]].  It occurs naturally in [[coffee]] [[bean]]s, [[tea]], [[cacao]] beans (ingredients of [[chocolate]]), [[kola]] nuts, [[yerba mate]], and [[guarana]]. It is sometimes added to [[soft drink]]s such as [[cola]].
-'''Caffeine''' (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>,
-or 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione)
-is an [[alkaloid]] of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compunds [[theophylline]] and [[theobromine]]. These occur naturally in [[coffee]] [[bean]]s, [[cacao]] beans, [[kola]] nuts, [[tea]], [[yerba mate]], and [[guarana]]. It is sometimes added to [[soft drink]]s such as [[cola]]. In its pure state it is an intensely bitter white powder.
+Caffeine, C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>,
+or 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione,
+is an [[alkaloid]] of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compunds [[theophylline]] and [[theobromine]]. In its pure state it is an intensely bitter white powder.
-Caffeine acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system, heart, and respiration.  It is also a [[diuretic]].