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{{Infobox UCR
|city_name=Detroit
|year=2006
|homicide=47.2
|forcible_rape=67.0
|robbery=819.0
|aggravated_assault=1,486.7
|violent_crime=2,420.0
|burglary=2,051.3
|larceny_theft=2,408.0
|motor_vehicle_theft=2,592.4
|arson=97.1
|property_crime=7,035.8
|source_url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_08_mi.html
|source_name=FBI 2006 UCR data
|notes= *[[United States cities by crime rate|Compare with other cities]]
}}
'''Crime in [[Detroit, Michigan]]''' has declined by 23 percent from 2000 to 2004,<ref name=crimebarometer>[http://www.cus.wayne.edu/content/publications/Detroit%20Crime%20Barometer%20October%202005.pdf Detroit Crime Barometer (October 2005)]. Center for Urban Studies, ''Wayne State University''. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.</ref> but the city's crime-ridden areas have brought it notoriety. In 2006, the city had the sixth highest number of violent crimes among the twenty-five largest cities.<ref name=UCR>[http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_06.html FBI UCR table 6]. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.</ref>


==Overview==
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Crime is unevenly distributed throughout the city. A 2006 study showed [[crime]] in downtown Detroit ([[central business district|CBD]]) is much lower than national, state and metro averages.<ref name=MIC>Booza, Jason C. (July 26, 2006).[http://www.tedconline.com/uploads/Downtown_Detroit_Crime_Study_2006.pdf Reality v. Perceptions: An Updated Analysis of Crime and Safety in Downtown Detroit]. Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, ''Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies''. Retrieved on January 21, 2008.</ref> The [[Detroit Police Department]]'s Crime Analysis Unit has reported that crimes have dropped by 24 percent since the introduction of casino gaming to the city.<ref name=Wilkes>{{Cite book|author=Wilks, Jeff, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat |title=Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors|year=2006|publisher=Elsevier |id=ISBN 0080446663}}, p. 103.</ref> Murders peaked in 1974 at 714 and again in 1991 with 615 homicides. By the end of [[2007]], the homicide count fell to 383 for the year, with an FBI estimated population of 860,971.<ref>[http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/2007prelim/table4il_mo.htm Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report 2007], published June 9, 2008</ref> According to a 2007 analysis, Detroit officials noted that about 65 to 70 percent of homicides in the city were confined to a narcotics catalyst.<ref name=analysis>Shelton, Steve Malik (2008-01-30). Top cop urges vigilance against crime. ''Michigan Chronicle''. Retrieved on 2008-03-17 from http://www.michronicleonline.com/articlelive/articles/2322/1/Top-cop-urges-vigilance-against-crime/Page1.html.</ref>

Mayor [[Kwame Kilpatrick]] had joined [[Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml| title=Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members}} Retrieved on [[June 19]], [[2007]]</ref>, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by [[New York City]] mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] and [[Boston]] mayor [[Thomas Menino]].

In November 2007, the City of Detroit was again named the most dangerous city in the country by the Morgan Quitno report published by CQ Press, a private group whose report is denounced by the American Society of Criminology as an "irresponsible misuse" of crime data.<ref name=ASOC>[http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-16-2007/0004707515&EDATE= Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings] (November 16, 2008).''PRNewswire''. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=CQ>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0921299.html Safest and Most Dangerous Cites 2007]. CQ Press Report. ''Infoplease''. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.</ref> The FBI recommends against use of its crime statistics for the direct comparison of cities as Morgan Quitno does in its "Most Dangerous Cities" rankings.<ref name=ASOC/> This is due to the many variables that influence crime in a particular study area such as population density and the degree of urbanization, modes of transportation of highway system, economic conditions, and citizens' attitudes toward crime. <ref>[http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucrquest.htm FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Summary]. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.</ref> In November 2007, the executive board of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) approved a resolution opposing the development of city crime rankings from FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs). The resolution states the rankings "represent an irresponsible misuse of the data and do groundless harm to many communities" and "work against a key goal of our society, which is a better understanding of crime-related issues by both scientists and the public".<ref name=ASOC/> The U.S. Conference of Mayors has criticized the "Most Dangerous Cities" list, saying the annual city-by-city crime rankings are "distorted and damaging to cities' reputations".<ref name=Mayorschallenge>.[http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-18-2007/0004707938&EDATE= The U.S Conference of Mayors challenges city crime rankings] (November 18, 2008). ''PRNewswire''. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.</ref> In October 2007, the American Society of Criminology, the U.S. Conference of Mayors, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation requested that the publisher reconsider the promotion of the book — specifically, "their inaccurate and inflammatory press release labeling cities as 'safest' and 'most dangerous'" — because the rankings are "baseless and damaging".<ref name=ASOC/><ref name=Stltoday> [http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/stlouiscitycounty/story/41A85C43D2B421E186257396001D38A2?OpenDocument].''St. Louis Today''.</ref>

[[Image:Copy of DSC00439.JPG|thumb|left|200px|An example of an abandoned residence in the city.<ref>Josar, David (June 27, 2005). [http://www.detnews.com/2005/metro/0506/27/A01-229273.htm Demolition of Detroit homes slows]. ''Detroit News''. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.</ref>]]
Parts of the city have abandoned and burned out shells of buildings. The city has seen increased funding to demolish abandoned properties and the homes that have been used for the production, sale, and use of illicit drugs, with drug gangs such as [[Young Boys Inc.]]<ref>Woolley, Wayne and Hunter, George (1999). [http://notes.ire.org/IREResources.nsf/11f603613fbb53b8862566f900675607/d3d9531a792552308625687900754606?OpenDocument Detroit Drug Houses: Out of Control]. ''Detroit News''.</ref>

The city had faced many [[arson]]s in abandoned homes each year on [[Devil's Night]], the evening before [[Halloween]]. The [[Angel's Night]] campaign, launched in the late 1990s, draws many volunteers to patrol the streets during Halloween week. The effort reduced arson: while there were 810 fires set in 1984, this was reduced to 442 in 1996.<ref>[http://aepo-xdv-www.epo.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0047208/m0047208.asp Urban Community Intervention to Prevent Halloween Arson - Detroit, Michigan, 1985-1996 (April 11, 1997)]. ''CDC Wonder'' at aepo-xdv-www.epo.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0047208/m0047208.asp.</ref>

Many of these problems have been blamed on the increased [[white flight]] and [[desegregation busing|court-ordered busing]] to desegregate its schools during the 1970s which contributed to [[urban decay]], poverty, increased unemployment, and de facto [[racial segregation|segregation]] of the inner city.<ref>[http://detnews.com/specialreports/2001/elmhurst/ Broken Detroit - Death of a City Block (June 17, 2001)]. ''The Detroit News''.</ref> The city was largely emptied of its remaining white population by 1980. Although "Renaissance" has been the city's phrase for development since the 1970s, many have charged Mayor [[Coleman Young]] with a polarizing style that accelerated the [[white flight]]. During the administration of [[Dennis Archer]], who succeeded Young, Detroit saw middle-class residents moving into the city, and growth in residential and commercial development. The city has improved in the early 21st century, making use of increased funding from the state to demolish condemned buildings. <ref>Cheryl Corley, (January 3, 2005).[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4254620 Detroit Struggles to Overcome Urban Blight]''NPR'' Morning Edition. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.</ref>


[[Image:DetroitPoliceHQ1300Beaubein.jpg|200px|thumb|Detroit Police Headquarters at 1300 Beaubien.]]
In 2000, the city requested an investigation by the [[United States Justice Department]] into the [[Detroit Police Department]] which was concluded in 2003, following allegations regarding its use of force and civil rights violations. <ref>[http://www.detroitmi.gov/police/dept/crib/crib.htm Quarterly Status Report to the Independent Federal Monitor]. ''Detroit Police Department''. Retrieved on April 05, 2007.</ref> From 2005 to 2006, the city proceeded with a large scale reorganization of the Detroit Police Department, reducing the number of precincts from twelve to six "districts." The stated purpose of this reorganization was to improve services. The reorganization and the city's search for a new police headquarters raised concerns within the Detroit Police Department which included overcrowding issues and increased response times.<ref>[http://www.detnews.com/2005/metro/0508/30/A01-297330.htm Detroit to trim 150 cops, precincts ([[30 August]] [[2005]])]. ''Detroit News''.</ref> Michigan and Detroit economic squeezes sustained re-organizational impetus. Police Chief [[Ella Bully-Cummings]] reassigned sworn officers from desks to squad cars, consolidating and reducing the number of precincts.

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
Ella-Bully Cummings is now a retired Detroit Police Chief

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|author=Greenberg, Michael R. |title=Restoring America's Neighborhoods: How local people make a difference |year=1999|publisher= Rutgers University Press|id=ISBN 0813527120}}
*{{Cite book|author=Wilks, Jeff, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat |title=Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors|year=2006|publisher=Elsevier |id=ISBN 0080446663}}

==External links==
* [http://www.blightbusters.org/about.html Blight Busters]
* [http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/default.htm Detroit Police Department official site]

[[Category:Detroit, Michigan]]

Revision as of 23:23, 17 November 2008

Detroit
Crime rates* (2006)
Violent crimes
Homicide47.2
Rape67.0
Robbery819.0
Aggravated assault1,486.7
Total violent crime2,420.0
Property crimes
Burglary2,051.3
Larceny-theft2,408.0
Motor vehicle theft2,592.4
Arson97.1
Total property crime7,035.8
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.


Source: FBI 2006 UCR data

Crime in Detroit, Michigan has declined by 23 percent from 2000 to 2004,[1] but the city's crime-ridden areas have brought it notoriety. In 2006, the city had the sixth highest number of violent crimes among the twenty-five largest cities.[2]

Overview

Crime is unevenly distributed throughout the city. A 2006 study showed crime in downtown Detroit (CBD) is much lower than national, state and metro averages.[3] The Detroit Police Department's Crime Analysis Unit has reported that crimes have dropped by 24 percent since the introduction of casino gaming to the city.[4] Murders peaked in 1974 at 714 and again in 1991 with 615 homicides. By the end of 2007, the homicide count fell to 383 for the year, with an FBI estimated population of 860,971.[5] According to a 2007 analysis, Detroit officials noted that about 65 to 70 percent of homicides in the city were confined to a narcotics catalyst.[6]

Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick had joined Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition[7], an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.

In November 2007, the City of Detroit was again named the most dangerous city in the country by the Morgan Quitno report published by CQ Press, a private group whose report is denounced by the American Society of Criminology as an "irresponsible misuse" of crime data.[8][9] The FBI recommends against use of its crime statistics for the direct comparison of cities as Morgan Quitno does in its "Most Dangerous Cities" rankings.[8] This is due to the many variables that influence crime in a particular study area such as population density and the degree of urbanization, modes of transportation of highway system, economic conditions, and citizens' attitudes toward crime. [10] In November 2007, the executive board of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) approved a resolution opposing the development of city crime rankings from FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs). The resolution states the rankings "represent an irresponsible misuse of the data and do groundless harm to many communities" and "work against a key goal of our society, which is a better understanding of crime-related issues by both scientists and the public".[8] The U.S. Conference of Mayors has criticized the "Most Dangerous Cities" list, saying the annual city-by-city crime rankings are "distorted and damaging to cities' reputations".[11] In October 2007, the American Society of Criminology, the U.S. Conference of Mayors, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation requested that the publisher reconsider the promotion of the book — specifically, "their inaccurate and inflammatory press release labeling cities as 'safest' and 'most dangerous'" — because the rankings are "baseless and damaging".[8][12]

File:Copy of DSC00439.JPG
An example of an abandoned residence in the city.[13]

Parts of the city have abandoned and burned out shells of buildings. The city has seen increased funding to demolish abandoned properties and the homes that have been used for the production, sale, and use of illicit drugs, with drug gangs such as Young Boys Inc.[14]

The city had faced many arsons in abandoned homes each year on Devil's Night, the evening before Halloween. The Angel's Night campaign, launched in the late 1990s, draws many volunteers to patrol the streets during Halloween week. The effort reduced arson: while there were 810 fires set in 1984, this was reduced to 442 in 1996.[15]

Many of these problems have been blamed on the increased white flight and court-ordered busing to desegregate its schools during the 1970s which contributed to urban decay, poverty, increased unemployment, and de facto segregation of the inner city.[16] The city was largely emptied of its remaining white population by 1980. Although "Renaissance" has been the city's phrase for development since the 1970s, many have charged Mayor Coleman Young with a polarizing style that accelerated the white flight. During the administration of Dennis Archer, who succeeded Young, Detroit saw middle-class residents moving into the city, and growth in residential and commercial development. The city has improved in the early 21st century, making use of increased funding from the state to demolish condemned buildings. [17]


Detroit Police Headquarters at 1300 Beaubien.

In 2000, the city requested an investigation by the United States Justice Department into the Detroit Police Department which was concluded in 2003, following allegations regarding its use of force and civil rights violations. [18] From 2005 to 2006, the city proceeded with a large scale reorganization of the Detroit Police Department, reducing the number of precincts from twelve to six "districts." The stated purpose of this reorganization was to improve services. The reorganization and the city's search for a new police headquarters raised concerns within the Detroit Police Department which included overcrowding issues and increased response times.[19] Michigan and Detroit economic squeezes sustained re-organizational impetus. Police Chief Ella Bully-Cummings reassigned sworn officers from desks to squad cars, consolidating and reducing the number of precincts.

Notes

  1. ^ Detroit Crime Barometer (October 2005). Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State University. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.
  2. ^ FBI UCR table 6. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.
  3. ^ Booza, Jason C. (July 26, 2006).Reality v. Perceptions: An Updated Analysis of Crime and Safety in Downtown Detroit. Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies. Retrieved on January 21, 2008.
  4. ^ Wilks, Jeff, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat (2006). Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors. Elsevier. ISBN 0080446663.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link), p. 103.
  5. ^ Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report 2007, published June 9, 2008
  6. ^ Shelton, Steve Malik (2008-01-30). Top cop urges vigilance against crime. Michigan Chronicle. Retrieved on 2008-03-17 from http://www.michronicleonline.com/articlelive/articles/2322/1/Top-cop-urges-vigilance-against-crime/Page1.html.
  7. ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". Retrieved on June 19, 2007
  8. ^ a b c d Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings (November 16, 2008).PRNewswire. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  9. ^ Safest and Most Dangerous Cites 2007. CQ Press Report. Infoplease. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  10. ^ FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Summary. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  11. ^ .The U.S Conference of Mayors challenges city crime rankings (November 18, 2008). PRNewswire. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  12. ^ [1].St. Louis Today.
  13. ^ Josar, David (June 27, 2005). Demolition of Detroit homes slows. Detroit News. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.
  14. ^ Woolley, Wayne and Hunter, George (1999). Detroit Drug Houses: Out of Control. Detroit News.
  15. ^ Urban Community Intervention to Prevent Halloween Arson - Detroit, Michigan, 1985-1996 (April 11, 1997). CDC Wonder at aepo-xdv-www.epo.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0047208/m0047208.asp.
  16. ^ Broken Detroit - Death of a City Block (June 17, 2001). The Detroit News.
  17. ^ Cheryl Corley, (January 3, 2005).Detroit Struggles to Overcome Urban BlightNPR Morning Edition. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.
  18. ^ Quarterly Status Report to the Independent Federal Monitor. Detroit Police Department. Retrieved on April 05, 2007.
  19. ^ Detroit to trim 150 cops, precincts (30 August 2005). Detroit News.

Ella-Bully Cummings is now a retired Detroit Police Chief

Further reading

  • Greenberg, Michael R. (1999). Restoring America's Neighborhoods: How local people make a difference. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813527120.
  • Wilks, Jeff, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat (2006). Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors. Elsevier. ISBN 0080446663.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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