Tawny frogmouth

Tawny Frogmouth
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Caprimulgiformes
Family:	Podargidae
Genus:	Podargus
Species:	P. strigoides
Binomial name
Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1801)

The Tawny Frogmouth, Podargus strigoides, is an Australian variety of frogmouth, a type of bird found throughout the Australian mainland, Tasmania and southern New Guinea. The Tawny Frogmouth is often thought to be an owl.

Males and females look alike, and are 35–50 cm long. They have yellow eyes and a wide beak topped with a tuft of bristly feathers. They make loud clacking sounds with their beaks and emit a reverberating booming call.

Owls fly around at night hunting food, but Tawny Frogmouths generally remain sitting very still on a low perch, and wait for food to come to them. They catch prey with their beaks, and sometimes drop from their perch onto the prey on the ground.

Camouflaged Tawny Frogmouth blends in with colour and texture of tree bark. Photo taken in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Tawny Frogmouths hunt at night and spend the day roosting on a dead log or tree branch close to the tree trunk. Their camouflage is excellent — staying very still and upright, they look just like part of the branch.

The Tawny Frogmouth feeds on rats, mice, cicadas, beetles, frogs and other small prey. They catch their prey with their beaks rather than with their talons, another way in which they are different from owls.

Tawny Frogmouth pairs stay together until one of the pair dies. They breed from August to December. They usually use the same nest each year, and must make repairs to their loose, untidy platforms of sticks. After mating, the female lays two or three eggs onto a lining of green leaves in the nest.

Both male and female take turns sitting on the eggs to incubate them until they hatch about 30 days later. Both parents help feed the chicks.

The chicks move to the edge of the nest and direct their droppings over the edge. About 25 days after hatching, the chicks are ready to leave the nest and lead their own lives.

Phylogeny

The Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) is part of Podargidae, which also includes the other types of frogmouths like the Jaren and Solomon Islands Frogmouth. Tawny Frogmouths came from Aves (modern birds) then the neoaves, which has such birds like flamingos, cuckoos and the owls, that continued on to Caprimulgiformes, this is the group that includes the nightjars and oilbirds and then onto Podargidae. Podargidae have been around for about 56 million years, since the Eocene period.

Although related to owls, frogmouths are more closely related to nightjars and oilbirds.

Differences From Owls

Tawny Frogmouths and owls both have anisodactyl feet - meaning that one toe is facing backwards and the other 3 are forwards. However, owl’s feet are much stronger than the feet of the Tawny Frogmouth as owls use their feet to catch their prey. Owls are also able to swing one of their toes around to the back (with a unique flexible joint) to get a better grip on their prey. Tawny Frogmouths have fairly weak feet as they use their beaks to catch their prey. Owls eat small mammals, like mice and rats, so their bones are shorter and stronger than those of Tawny Frogmouths which usually hunt smaller prey. Tawny Frogmouths typically wait for their prey to come to them, instead of hunting on the wing like owls.

References

• Template:IUCN2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
• Discover Life
• Birds and Cats
• Owls
• Introduction to Phylogeny and Classification
• Tawny Frogmouth

Gallery

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  Perching in a tree
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  Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides
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  Tawny Frogmouth
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  Two Tawny Frogmouths in the wild in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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  Tawny Frogmouth in Denver Zoo, United States
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  Wild bird. Photo taken at night
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  Camouflaged Tawny Frogmouth in wild in Western Australia
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  A Tawny Frogmouth devouring a mouse.
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  An injured, flightless Tawny Frogmouth at the Australia Zoo, Queensland, Australia.
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  A Tawny Frogmouth perched with its young.
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  Tawny Frogmouths at the Walkabout Wildlife Centre Aviary, Brisbane Forest Park, Queensland, Australia
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  Tawny Frogmouth in defensive mode when approached, with eyes almost shut and bill pointed upwards
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  Tawny Frogmouth visiting my back yard in outer eastern Melbourne
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  Tawny Frogmouth visiting my back yard in outer eastern Melbourne
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  Miami Metrozoo

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet
• Australian museum online
• Smithsonian National Zoological Park
• National Parks and Wildlife Service
• Tawny Frogmouth videos on the Internet Bird Collection
• Tawny Frogmouth videos on Google Video
• Tawny Frogmouth videos on YouTube