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==History==
The term Greater India refers to the historical spread of the Culture of India beyond the Indian subcontinent proper. This concerns the spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia in particular, introduced by the Indianized kingdoms of the 5th to 15th centuries, but may also extend to the earlier spread of Buddhism from India to Central Asia and China by way of the Silk Road during the early centuries CE. To the west, Greater India overlaps with Greater Persia in the Hindu Kush and Pamir mountains. Historically, the term is also tied to the geographic uncertainties surrounding the "Indies" during the Age of Exploration.


==The status quo, with today’s States and Union Territories==
{{Main|States and territories of India}}

There are 28 states and 6 Union territories and 1 National Capital Territory in the country. Union Territories are administered by the President through an Administrator appointed by him. From the largest to the smallest, each State/UT of India has a unique demography, history and culture, dress, festivals, language etc.[http://www.haryana-online.com/states_of_india.htm]

[[Image:India-states-numbered.svg|thumb|Indian States]]


==Basic idea==
This new map of subcontinent shows that if these separatist movements somehow got success then there may emerge 10 new countries namely '''[[Khalistan]], [[Assam]] <ref> http://www.assamtimes.org/blog/3283.html </ref>, Tripura, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, [[Dravidistan]], East Bengal and Orissa (the [[Naxalite]] state)''' <ref> http://naxalwatch.blogspot.com/2007_12_16_archive.html </ref> which is communist in nature).

==Radcliff Award, unjust and unfair to Pakistan==
===Background===
On June 3, 1947,[[Mountbatten]], the viceroy announced plans for partition of the [[British Indian]] Empire into the nations of India and Pakistan, which itself was divided into east and west wings on either side of India. The June 3, 1947 Partition Plan was prepared by Mountbatten in consultation with the British Government. It was based on a fundamental principle that transfer of power should take place according to the wishes of the people. The principle of partition was specified in the plan : The all Muslim majority areas were to constitute part of Pakistan and similarly the Hindu majority areas were to go to India. <ref> http://www.shaykhabdalqadir.com/content/articles/Art004_19022004.html </ref> Besides, the 565 [[princely States]] at that time including the State of [[Jammu and Kashmir]] were given the option either to join Pakistan or India. Such joining to either State was to be determined by the geographical contiguity and communal composition of the population. The State of Jammu and Kashmir with a 77 % Muslims majority (according to 1941 Census) would have acceded to Pakistan.<ref name="b1">http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak-partition1.htm </ref>

Radcliff Award Handed over Some of the Muslim Majority Areas that were Contiguous to the Boundary of Pakistan to India: These areas included.<ref name="b2"> http://www.scribd.com/doc/16445129/Initial-problems-of-Pak </ref><br />
1. Sub-district of [[Ajnala]] in Amritsar district<br />
2. Sub-district of Nakadar and [[Jullundur]] in Jullundur district<br />
3. Sub-district of [[Ferozepur]] and [[Zira]] in Ferozepur district<br />
4. Sub-district of [[Batala]] and [[Gurdaspur]] in Gurdaspur district

Radcliff award, allotted sixty-two percent of the area of undivided [[Punjab]] to India, with
fifty-five percent of the population.<ref name="b2"/>

===Jammu & Kashmir===
The most important state of [[British India]] was Kashmir naturally connected with Pakistan. Its ruler was Hindu while population was Muslim. The population inclined towards Pakistan but the Hindu ruler declared to join India. The Kashmiri people revolt against the ruler in [[Poonch]] area and soon it became widespread. The ruler sought Indian support. India demanded accession. <ref name="b1"/> On October 27, 1947 Indian army entered in Kashmir through Gurdaspur the only Exit for India to Kashmir. It was a Muslim majority district situated at the border of India it but unjustly assigned to India by the Radcliff Award. It proved the fact that accession of Kashmir to India a pre planed conspiracy between Congress and British government.<ref name="b2"/>

===Junagadh and Manavadar===
[[Junagadh]] was a small Hindu majority state of British India covering 3337 sq miles of the area. It situated 300 miles down to the coast of Karachi Indian coast of Kathiawar. The Muslim rulers ruled the state.<ref name="b2"/> After independence the request for the accession with Pakistan by its rulers was accepted by the Quaid-e-Azam. Indian government reacted sharply and an economic blockade of the state of Junagardh was imposed that resulted in food shortage. By the end of October 1947 the rulers of the state of Junagadh were forced to leave the state. On 9 November 1947 the Indian army occupied the state. Pakistan took that matter in UNO where it is still pending. <ref name="b2"/> Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was the last Pakistani head of state to mention Junagarh and [[Manavadar]]<ref> http://rupeenews.com/most-popular-articles/polls-on-kashmir-tehrik-e-ilhaq-e-pakistan </ref>

[[Image:India Naxal affected districts map.svg‎|right|thumb|300px|Map of the world.A tan band stretches from northern Africa through central China; most of Australia and parts of south Africa and the western Americas are also tan. Dark greens dominte the northern hemisphere. Lighter greens cover much land near the equator. Polar areas are white, the north fringed with light blue.|Map showing the districts in India affected by Naxalites.]]

==India affected by Naxalites==
{{main|Naxalite}}

Naxals hold sway in about 180 districts across ten states of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=50833|title=Naxal Problem needs a holistic approach |last=Handoo|first=Ashook|publisher=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=2009-08-08}}</ref> accounting for about 40&nbsp;percent of India's geographical area,<ref name=globalpolitician>{{cite web|url=http://globalpolitician.com/22790-india |title=Rising Maoists Insurgency in India |publisher=Global Politician |date=2007-01-15 |accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref> They are are especially concentrated in an area known as the "[[Red corridor]]", where they control 92,000 square kilometers.<ref name=globalpolitician /> According to India's intelligence agency, the [[Research and Analysis Wing]], 20,000 Naxalites were in April 2006 in operation,<ref name="edbowring2006">{{cite web|author=Philip Bowring Published: TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2006 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/17/opinion/edbowring.php |title=Maoists who menace India |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=2006-04-18 |accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref> and their growing influence prompted Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] to declare them as the most serious threat to India's national security.<ref name="south1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7151552.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Senior Maoist 'arrested' in India |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-12-19 |accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref>

The [[BBC]] maintains that upwards of 6,000 people have died in the Naxal uprising in 2009 only. <ref name="south1"/>

===In media===
* [[Channel 4]]'s [[Unreported World#Season_12_episodes|Unreported World]] telecasted a programme titled "India's Hidden War" in October 2006, based on the uprising <ref>[http://www.channel4.com/news/microsites/U/unreportedworld/india.html India's Hidden War] ''[[Channel 4]]'', Friday 27 October 2006.</ref>


==Greater Assam and Nagaland==

Since the mid-20th century, people from present [[Bangladesh]] have been migrating to [[Assam]]. In 1961, the [[Government of Assam]] passed a legislation making use of [[Assamese language]] compulsory; It had to be withdrawn later under pressure from [[Bengali]] speaking people in [[Cachar]]. In the 1980s the [[Brahmaputra valley]] saw a six-year [[Assam Agitation]] <ref name="HazarikaSmist"> Hazarika 2003</ref> triggered by the discovery of a sudden rise in registered voters on electoral rolls.

The post 1970s experienced the growth of armed separatist groups like [[United Liberation Front of Asom]] (ULFA) <ref name="HazarikaSmist"> Hazarika 2003</ref> and [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] (NDFB). Regional autonomy has been ensured for Bodos in Bodoland Territorial Council Areas (BTCA) and for the Karbis in Karbi Anglong after agitation of the communities due to sluggish rate of development and aspirations for self-government. As the situation in Assam has turned very serious as communal clashes continue in two central districts of the state, namely [[Udalguri]] and [[Darrang]].

[[Image:Assam Valley.JPG|thumb|right|230px|Assam and its Environs: As per the [[Plate tectonics|plate techtonics]], Assam is in the eastern-most projection of the [[Indian Plate]], where the plate is thrusting underneath the [[Eurasian Plate]] creating a [[subduction zone]] and the [[Himalayas]].<ref>Wandrey 2004 p3–8</ref> Therefore, Assam possesses a unique [[geomorphology|geomorphic]] environment, with plains, dissected hills of the South Indian Plateau system and with the Himalayas all around its north, north-east and east.]]

The [[Narga]] tribes also feal the same way towards Assam as Assam dose to India.



==Khalistan==
{{main|Khalistan movement}}

[[Khalistan]] Khālistān (Punjabi: ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ) is on actually proposed [[Sikh]] homeland. The '''[[Khalistan]] movement''' is a movement in [[Indian Punjab]] to create "The Land of the Pure" as an independent [[Sikh]] state in all [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-speaking areas, which include [[Indian Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and some other Punjabi speaking parts of states like [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]]..<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/file_on_4/7263211.stm
|title=Sikh separatists 'funded from UK'
|publisher=[[BBC]]
|accessdate=2008-08-28
|date=[[2008-03-04]]}}</ref>
[[Image:Khalistanollars.jpg|thumb|238px|left|Defunct 'Khalistani' Currency]]
[[Image:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|thumb|A proposed flag for Khalistan]]
'''Geography of Khalistan'''<br />
According to the [[Khalistan]] web-site:

<blockquote>The geographical boundaries of Khalistan will include current India Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pardesh and River Ravi on the west and river Jamuna on the east will be some of the boundary lines between Khalistan & Pakistan, Khalistan & India respectively. In the north, part of Himalayan range and in south, part of Thar Desert will make the geographical boundaries of Khalistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khalistan.net |title=Khalistan.net - Khalistan the New Global Reality |publisher=Khalistan.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref> </blockquote>




==Pashtunistan==
During the period of British intervention in [[Afghanistan]], the ethnicly [[Pashtun]] territories were divided by the [[Durand Line]]. This would lead to strained relations between Afghanistan and [[British India]] – and later the new state of [[Pakistan]] – over what came to be known as the [[Pashtunistan]] debate.


The '''Durand Line''' is named after Sir [[Mortimer Durand]], the foreign secretary of the British Indian government, who, in [[1893]] [[Mortimer Durand]] negotiated with King / [[Amir]] [[Abdur Rahman Khan]]
the [[Amir]] of [[Afghanistan]], who ruled from 1880-1901, the Boundry , between modern-day, [[Afghanistan]] , the [[FATA]], [[NWFP]] and [[Baluchistan]] Provinces of [[Pakistan]] the successor state of [[British India]], and the successor [[Iran|Iranian]] state of [[Khorasan]].
The Durand Line is officially recognized by most nations as the international boundary between modern-day [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]], but this border also is an ongoing point of contention between the two countries.


==Dravidistan==

'''[[Dravidistan]]''', '''Dravidasthan''', or '''Dravida Nadu''' (Tamil: திராவிட நாடு) was the name of a proposed sovereign state for all non-[[Brahmin]] speakers of [[Dravidian languages]] in [[South Asia]]. Initially, the demand of Dravida Nadu proponents was limited to [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking region, but later, it was expanded to include other states with Dravidian speakers in majority ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kerala]], and [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Taylor |first = Richard Warren |title = Religion and Society: The First Twenty-five Years, 1953-1978 |publisher = Christian Literature Society (for the Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore) |year = 1982 |oclc = 9007066 |page = 242}}</ref>) Some of the proponents also included parts of [[Ceylon]] ([[Sri Lanka]])<ref>{{cite book |last = Welch |first = Claude Emerson |title = Political Modernization: A Reader in Comparative Political Change |publisher = Wadsworth Pub. Co |year = 1967 |oclc = 941238 |page = 173}}</ref>, [[Orissa]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite book | editor = James H. Mills, Satadru Sen | title = Confronting the Body: The Politics of Physicality in Colonial and Post-Colonial India | publisher = Anthem Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1843310327 | page = 145}}</ref> Other names for the proposed sovereign state included "South India", "Deccan Federation" and "Dakshinapath".<ref>{{cite book | last = Afzal | first = M. Rafique | title = The Case for Pakistan | publisher = National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research | location = Islamabad | year = 1979 | oclc = 8165052 | nopp = true | page = xxv}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Tirtha | first = Ranjit | title = Society and Development in Contemporary India: Geographical Perspectives | publisher = Harlo | year = 1980 | isbn = 78-0818700408 | oclc = 6930110 | page = 161}}</ref>

==Secessionist Movements in India==
==Secessionist Movements in India==


Revision as of 20:08, 20 August 2009

Secessionist Movements in India

Below is given the list of Separatist/Secessionist Movements in India


See also: Insurgent groups in Northeast India

See also under Bodoland, Dimasaland, Kamtapur, Karbi below.

See also

Further reading

  • Inventing Boundaries: gender, politics and the Partition of India edited by Mushirul Hasan (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000)
  • The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the demand for Pakistan by Ayesha Jalal (Cambridge University Press, 1985)
  • Naxalite Politics in India, by J. C. Johari, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi, . Published by Research Publications, 1972.
  • The Naxalite Movement, by Biplab Dasgupta. Published by , 1974
  • The Naxalite Movement in India, by Prakash Singh. Published by Rupa, 1995. ISBN 8171672949.

External links

References


Template:Proposals for new Indian states and union territories

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