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{{Redirect2|Dragon Slayer|Dragon slayer|the 1981 movie|Dragonslayer|other uses|Dragon slayer (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect2|Dragon Slayer|Dragon slayer|the 1981 movie|Dragonslayer|other uses|Dragon slayer (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox VG series
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{{nihongo|'''''Dragon Slayer'''''|ドラゴンスレイヤー|Doragon Sureiyā}} is an early [[action role-playing game]] developed and published by [[Nihon Falcom]] in 1984 for the [[NEC PC-8801|NEC PC-88]] and [[Fujitsu FM-7]] computer systems, and ported by [[Square (company)|Square]] for the [[MSX]].<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> Designed by Yoshio Kiya,<ref name="retro_3">{{cite web|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/JPNcomputers/Japanesecomputers3.htm|title=Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier Retro Japanese Computers|page=3|author=John Szczepaniak|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=2011-03-29}} Reprinted from {{citation|title=[[Retro Gamer]]''|issue=67|year=2009}}</ref> the game gave rise to a series of sequels, most of them created by Falcom and a few by other companies. Many of the early titles in this series were released for the PC-88, [[NEC PC-9801|PC-98]], MSX and [[MSX2]] computers as well as other early Japanese PC platforms, while some were later ported to [[video game console]]s. A number of early games in the series also featured [[video game music]] soundtracks composed by [[chiptune]] musician [[Yuzo Koshiro]].
| width =
| title = Dragon Slayer <br> <small><small>ドラゴンスレイヤー</small></small>
| creator = Yoshio Kiya
| collapsible =
| state =
| show image =
| image =
| developer = [[Nihon Falcom]] <br> [[Hudson Soft]] (''Faxanadu'')
| publisher = Nihon Falcom <br> [[Square (company)|Square]] (MSX) <br> [[Hudson Soft]] (Famicom) <br> [[Nintendo]] (NES) <br> [[Sierra Entertainment|Sierra On-Line]] (MS-DOS)
| composer = [[:ja:Falcom Sound Team jdk|Falcom Sound Team JDK]] <br> [[Yuzo Koshiro]] <br> Toshiya Takahashi <br> [http://vgmdb.net/artist/700 Mieko Ishikawa] <br> [[Jun Chikuma]]
| genre = [[Role-playing video game|Role-playing game]] <br> [[Action role-playing game]] <br> [[Action-adventure game]] <br> [[Metroidvania|Platform-adventure]] <br> [[Open world]] <br> [[Real-time strategy]]
| platform of origin = [[NEC PC-8801|NEC PC-88]]
| platforms = [[NEC PC-8801|NEC PC-88]], [[NEC PC-9801|NEC PC-98]], [[MSX]], [[MSX2]], [[FM-7]], [[Sharp X1]], [[Sharp X68000]], [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[TurboGrafx-16]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Super Cassette Vision]], [[Game Boy]], [[Mega Drive]], [[Satellaview]], [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Sega Saturn]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Dreamcast]], [[Virtual Console]]
| spinoffs = [[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|''Xanadu'' series]] <br> [[The Legend of Heroes|''The Legend of Heroes'' series]]
| website = [http://www.falcom.com Company Website]
| first release version = ''[[Dragon Slayer (video game)|Dragon Slayer]]''
| first release date = 1984
| latest release version = ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|The Legend of Xanadu II]]''
| latest release date = 1995
}}


⚫
{{nihongo|'''''Dragon Slayer'''''|ドラゴンスレイヤー|Doragon Sureiyā}} is an early [[action role-playing game]] developed and published by [[Nihon Falcom]] in 1984 for the [[NEC PC-8801|NEC PC-88]] computer system and ported by [[Square (company)|Square]] for the [[MSX]].<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> Designed by Yoshio Kiya,<ref name="retro_3">{{cite web|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/JPNcomputers/Japanesecomputers3.htm|title=Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier Retro Japanese Computers|page=3|author=John Szczepaniak|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=2011-03-29}} Reprinted from {{citation|title=[[Retro Gamer]]''|issue=67|year=2009}}</ref> the game gave rise to a series of sequels, nearly all of them created by Falcom, with the exception of ''[[Faxanadu]]'' by [[Hudson Soft]]. The ''Dragon Slayer'' series was historically significant, both as a founder of the [[History of Eastern role-playing video games|Japanese role-playing game]] industry,<ref name="gtm_falcom">{{cite journal|last=Szczepaniak|first=John|title=Falcom: Legacy of Ys|journal=[[GamesTM{{!}}Games<sup>TM</sup>]]|date=7 July 2011|year=2011|month=July|issue=111|pages=152-159 [153]|url=http://imageshack.us/f/32/yshistory02.jpg/|accessdate=2011-09-07}} ([[cf.]] {{cite web|last=Szczepaniak|first=John|title=History of Ys interviews|url=http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2011/07/history-of-ys-interviews-by-john.html|work=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=6 September 2011|date=July 8, 2011}})</ref> and as the progenitor of the action role-playing game genre.<ref name=4Gamer-Retro/><ref name=GameSetWatch/>
==Overview==

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Although commonly referred to as a series, the ''Dragon Slayer'' name is used to designate the body of work from producer Yoshio Kiya. There is no continuity in plot or even genre, but most of the games use [[Role-playing video game|role-playing game]] (RPG) elements and experiment with [[Real-time game|real-time]] [[action game]]play.<ref name=Gamasutra/> The original ''Dragon Slayer'' and its sequel ''Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu'' are credited for being the progenitors of the action RPG genre,<ref name=4Gamer-Retro>Kamada Shigeaki, [http://www.4gamer.net/specials/retro/retro01.html レトロゲーム配信サイトと配信タイトルのピックアップ紹介記事「懐かし (Retro)] ([http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.4gamer.net/specials/retro/retro01.html Translation]), 4Gamer.net</ref> abandoning the command-oriented [[turn-based]] battles of previous RPGs in favour of real-time [[hack and slash]] combat that requires direct input from the player, alongside [[Puzzle game|puzzle-solving]] elements.<ref name=1UP-Kat>{{cite web|title=Hack and Slash: What Makes a Good Action RPG?|author=Kat Bailey|publisher=[[1UP.com]]|date=May 18, 2010|url=http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9030743|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> These games went on to influence later series such as ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'',<ref name=4Gamer-Retro/><ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> ''[[Hydlide]]'', and ''[[Ys (series)|Ys]]''.<ref name=Dragon-Slayer>{{cite web|author=Kurt Kalata|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/dragonslayer/dragonslayer.htm|title=Dragon Slayer|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> The way the ''Dragon Slayer'' series reworked the entire game system of each installment is also considered an influence on Square's ''[[Final Fantasy]]'', which would do the same for each of its installments.<ref name=Gamasutra>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4066/game_design_essentials_20_rpgs.php?page=13|author=John Harris|title=Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs - Dragon Slayer|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|page=13|date=July 2, 2009|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref>
The series encompasses several different genres, which include action role-playing, [[Action-adventure game|action-adventure]], [[Metroidvania|platform-adventure]], [[open world]], [[Turn-based game|turn-based]] [[Role-playing video game|role-playing]], and [[real-time strategy]]. Many of the early titles in this series were released for the PC-88, [[NEC PC-9801|PC-98]], MSX and [[MSX2]] computers as well as other early Japanese [[Personal computer|PC]] platforms, while some were later ported to [[video game console]]s. The series also features [[video game music]] soundtracks composed by [[chiptune]] musician [[Yuzo Koshiro]] and the [[:ja:Falcom Sound Team jdk|Falcom Sound Team JDK]].

==History==
Although commonly referred to as a series, the ''Dragon Slayer'' name is used to designate the body of work from producer Yoshio Kiya. There is no continuity in plot or even genre, but most of the games use [[Role-playing video game|role-playing game]] (RPG) elements and experiment with [[Real-time game|real-time]] [[action game]]play.<ref name=Gamasutra/>

===''Dragon Slayer'' and ''Xanadu'' (1984-1985)===
⚫
The original ''Dragon Slayer'' and its sequel ''Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu'' are credited for being the progenitors of the action RPG genre,<ref name=4Gamer-Retro>Kamada Shigeaki, [http://www.4gamer.net/specials/retro/retro01.html レトロゲーム配信サイトと配信タイトルのピックアップ紹介記事「懐かし (Retro)] ([http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.4gamer.net/specials/retro/retro01.html Translation]), 4Gamer.net</ref> abandoning the command-oriented [[turn-based]] battles of previous RPGs in favour of real-time [[hack and slash]] combat that requires direct input from the player, alongside [[Puzzle game|puzzle-solving]] elements.<ref name=1UP-Kat>{{cite web|title=Hack and Slash: What Makes a Good Action RPG?|author=Kat Bailey|publisher=[[1UP.com]]|date=May 18, 2010|url=http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9030743|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> These games went on to influence later series such as ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'',<ref name=4Gamer-Retro/><ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> ''[[Hydlide]]'', and Falcom's own ''[[Ys (series)|Ys]]''.<ref name=Dragon-Slayer>{{cite web|author=Kurt Kalata|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/dragonslayer/dragonslayer.htm|title=Dragon Slayer|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> The way the ''Dragon Slayer'' series reworked the entire game system of each installment is also considered an influence on Square's ''[[Final Fantasy]]'', which would do the same for each of its installments.<ref name=Gamasutra>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4066/game_design_essentials_20_rpgs.php?page=13|author=John Harris|title=Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs - Dragon Slayer|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|page=13|date=July 2, 2009|accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> According to ''[[GamesTM|Games<sup>TM</sup>]]'' and John Szczepaniak (of ''[[Retro Gamer]]'' and ''[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]''), [[Enix]]'s ''[[Dragon Quest]]'' was also influenced by ''Dragon Slayer'' and in turn defined many other RPGs.<ref name="gtm_falcom"/>


The original ''[[Dragon Slayer (video game)|Dragon Slayer]]'', released for the PC-88 in 1984,<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> is considered to be the first action-RPG. In contrast to earlier turn-based [[roguelike]]s, ''Dragon Slayer'' was a [[dungeon crawl]] RPG that was entirely real-time with action-oriented combat.<ref name=GameSetWatch>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2006/07/column_compilation_catalog_fal_1.php|title=Falcom Classics|publisher=GameSetWatch|date=July 12, 2006|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> ''Dragon Slayer'' also featured an [[Mini-map|in-game map]] to help with the dungeon-crawling, required [[Item (gaming)|item]] management due to the inventory being limited to one item at a time,<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> and introduced the use of item-based puzzles which later influenced ''The Legend of Zelda''.<ref name=4Gamer-Retro/> ''Dragon Slayer'' was a major success in Japan, where its [[Overhead perspective|overhead]] action-RPG formula was used in many later games.<ref name=Xanadu/> The game's MSX port was also one of the first titles to be published by [[Square (company)|Square]].<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/>
The original ''[[Dragon Slayer (video game)|Dragon Slayer]]'', released for the PC-88 in 1984,<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> is considered to be the first action-RPG. In contrast to earlier turn-based [[roguelike]]s, ''Dragon Slayer'' was a [[dungeon crawl]] RPG that was entirely real-time with action-oriented combat.<ref name=GameSetWatch>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2006/07/column_compilation_catalog_fal_1.php|title=Falcom Classics|publisher=GameSetWatch|date=July 12, 2006|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> ''Dragon Slayer'' also featured an [[Mini-map|in-game map]] to help with the dungeon-crawling, required [[Item (gaming)|item]] management due to the inventory being limited to one item at a time,<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/> and introduced the use of item-based puzzles which later influenced ''The Legend of Zelda''.<ref name=4Gamer-Retro/> ''Dragon Slayer'' was a major success in Japan, where its [[Overhead perspective|overhead]] action-RPG formula was used in many later games.<ref name=Xanadu/> The game's MSX port was also one of the first titles to be published by [[Square (company)|Square]].<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/>


The sequel ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu]]'', released in 1985, was a full-fledged action RPG with many [[Statistic (role-playing games)|character statistics]] and a large quest.<ref name=GameSetWatch/><ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> ''Xanadu'' incorporated a [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] view during exploration and an overhead view during battle,<ref name=Xanadu>Kurt Kalata, [http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/xanadu/xanadu.htm Xanadu], Hardcore Gaming 101</ref> though some rooms were also explored using an overhead view. The game also allowed the player to visit towns, which have training facilities that can improve statistics, and shops that sell items, equipment that change the [[player character]]'s visible appearance, and food that is consumed slowly over time and is essential for keeping the player character alive. It also introduced gameplay mechanics such as [[Platform game|platform]] jumping, magic that can be used to attack enemies from a distance,<ref name=GameSetWatch/> an early [[Karma]] morality system where the character's Karma meter will rise if he commits sin which in turn affects the temple's reaction to him,<ref name=GameSetWatch/><ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> a heavier emphasis on puzzle-solving,<ref name=1UP-Kat/> and individual experience for equipped items.<ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> It is also considered a "proto-[[Metroidvania]]" game,<ref name="1up_metroidvania">{{cite web|author=Jeremy Parish|title=Metroidvania|work=Metroidvania.com|work=GameSpite.net|url=http://www.gamespite.net/toastywiki/index.php/Games/Metroidvania|accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref> due to being an "RPG turned on its side" that allowed players to run, jump, collect, and explore.<ref>{{cite web|title=8-Bit Cafe: The Shadow Complex Origin Story|author=Jeremy Parish|date=August 18, 2009|publisher=[[1UP.com]]|url=http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9001783|accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref> The game gained immense popularity in Japan, setting records for PC game sales, selling more than 400,000 copies.<ref name=Falcom-Xanadu>{{cite web |url=http://www.falcom.co.jp/xanadu_next/xanadu/xanadu.html|title=Xanadu Next home page|accessdate=2008-09-08 |format=HTML}} ([http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falcom.co.jp%2Fxanadu_next%2Fxanadu%2Fxanadu.html Translation])</ref> ''Xanadu Scenario II'', released the following year, was also an early example of an [[expansion pack]].<ref name=Xanadu/>
The sequel ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu]]'', released in 1985, was a full-fledged action RPG with many [[Statistic (role-playing games)|character statistics]] and a large quest.<ref name=GameSetWatch/><ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> ''Xanadu'' incorporated a [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] view during exploration and an overhead view during battle,<ref name=Xanadu>{{cite web|first=Kurt|last=Kalata|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/xanadu/xanadu.htm|title=Xanadu|work=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=2011-09-07}}</ref> though some rooms were also explored using an overhead view. The game also allowed the player to visit towns, which have training facilities that can improve statistics, and shops that sell items, equipment that change the [[player character]]'s visible appearance, and food that is consumed slowly over time and is essential for keeping the player character alive. It also introduced gameplay mechanics such as [[Platform game|platform]] jumping, magic that can be used to attack enemies from a distance,<ref name=GameSetWatch/> an early [[Karma]] morality system where the character's Karma meter will rise if he commits sin which in turn affects the temple's reaction to him,<ref name=GameSetWatch/><ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> a heavier emphasis on puzzle-solving,<ref name=1UP-Kat/> and individual experience for equipped items.<ref name=Falcom-Xanadu/> It is also considered a "proto-[[Metroidvania]]" game,<ref name="1up_metroidvania">{{cite web|author=Jeremy Parish|title=Metroidvania|work=Metroidvania.com|work=GameSpite.net|url=http://www.gamespite.net/toastywiki/index.php/Games/Metroidvania|accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref> due to being an "RPG turned on its side" that allowed players to run, jump, collect, and explore.<ref>{{cite web|title=8-Bit Cafe: The Shadow Complex Origin Story|author=Jeremy Parish|date=August 18, 2009|publisher=[[1UP.com]]|url=http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9001783|accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref> The game gained immense popularity in Japan, setting records for PC game sales, selling more than 400,000 copies.<ref name=Falcom-Xanadu>{{cite web |url=http://www.falcom.co.jp/xanadu_next/xanadu/xanadu.html|title=Xanadu Next home page|accessdate=2008-09-08 |format=HTML}} ([http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falcom.co.jp%2Fxanadu_next%2Fxanadu%2Fxanadu.html Translation])</ref> ''[[Xanadu Scenario II]]'', released the following year, was also an early example of an [[expansion pack]].<ref name=Xanadu/> The game was [[Nonlinear gameplay|non-linear]], allowing the eleven levels to be explored in any order. It was also composer [[Yuzo Koshiro]]'s first [[video game music]] soundtrack.<ref name=Gifford>{{cite web|author=Kevin Gifford|title=Xanadu Scenario II|work=MagWeasel.com|date=June 3, 2010|url=http://magweasel.com/2010/06/03/xanadu-scenario-ii-nihon-falcom-10186/|accessdate=2011-03-25}}</ref>

===''Romancia'' to ''Sorcerian'' (1986-1987)===
In 1986, ''[[Dragon Slayer Jr: Romancia]]'' simplified the RPG mechanics of ''Xanadu'', such as removing the character customization and simplifying the numerical statistics into icons, and emphasized faster-paced platform action, with a strict 30-minute time limit. The action took place entirely in a side-scrolling view rather than switching to a separate overhead combat screen like its predecessor. These changes made ''Romancia'' more like a side-scrolling [[action-adventure game]].<ref name=Gamasutra/><ref name=Romancia/>

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In 1987, ''[[Legacy of the Wizard|Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family]]'' returned to the deeper action-RPG mechanics of ''Xanadu'' while maintaining the fully side-scrolling view of ''Romancia''.<ref name=Romancia>Kurt Kalata, [http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/romancia/romancia.htm Romancia], Hardcore Gaming 101</ref> The game also introduced an [[open world]] and [[nonlinear gameplay]] similar to "[[Metroidvania]]" platform-adventures, making ''Drasle Family'' an early example of a non-linear, open-world action RPG.<ref name=gsutra_20games>{{cite web | last = Harris | first = John | title = Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games - Dragon Slayer | publisher = [[Gamasutra]] | date = September 26, 2007 | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1902/game_design_essentials_20_open_.php?page=11 | accessdate = 2008-07-25}}</ref> That same year also saw the release of ''Xanadu's'' spin-off ''[[Faxanadu]]'', a side-scrolling platform-action RPG.<ref name=Xanadu/> Later that year, the fifth entry ''[[Sorcerian]]'' was released. It was a party-based action RPG, with the player controlling a party of four characters at the same time in a side-scrolling view. The game also featured character creation, highly customizable characters, class-based puzzles, and a new scenario system, allowing players to choose which of 15 scenarios, or [[Quest (video gaming)|quests]], to play through in the order of their choice. It was also an [[episodic video game]], with expansion disks released soon after offering more scenarios.<ref name=Dragon-Slayer/><ref name=GameCola>[http://gamecola.net/2010/10/sorcerian-pc/ Sorcerian (PC)], ''GameCola.net'', October 30, 2010</ref>


⚫
Two of the games released for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Nintendo Famicom]], ''Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family'' and the spin-off of ''Xanadu'' known as ''Faxanadu'', were released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. The former was renamed ''[[Legacy of the Wizard]]''. The second of the three games released for the Nintendo Famicom, ''Romancia'', has never been released in North America for any platform. An English fan translation of the Famicom version of ''Romancia'' was released on April 23, 2008, by DvD Translations. An English version of ''Sorcerian'' was released in North America for [[MS-DOS]] in 1990, published by [[Sierra Entertainment|Sierra On-Line]].
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In 1986, ''[[Romancia]]'' simplified the RPG mechanics of ''Xanadu'', such as removing the character customization and simplifying the numerical statistics into icons, and emphasized faster-paced platform action, with a strict time limit and taking place entirely in a side-scrolling view rather than switching to a separate overhead combat screen like its predecessor, making ''Romancia'' more like a side-scrolling [[action-adventure game]].<ref name=Gamasutra/><ref name=Romancia/> In 1987, ''[[Legacy of the Wizard|Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family]]'' returned to the deeper action-RPG mechanics of ''Xanadu'' while maintaining the fully side-scrolling view of ''Romancia''.<ref name=Romancia>Kurt Kalata, [http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/romancia/romancia.htm Romancia], Hardcore Gaming 101</ref> The game also introduced an [[open world]] and [[nonlinear gameplay]] similar to "[[Metroidvania]]" platform-adventures, making ''Drasle Family'' an early example of a non-linear, open-world action RPG.<ref name=gsutra_20games>{{cite web | last = Harris | first = John | title = Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games - Dragon Slayer | publisher = [[Gamasutra]] | date = September 26, 2007 | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1902/game_design_essentials_20_open_.php?page=11 | accessdate = 2008-07-25}}</ref> That same year also saw the release of ''Xanadu's'' spin-off ''[[Faxanadu]]'', a side-scrolling platform-action RPG.<ref name=Xanadu/> Later that year, the fifth entry ''[[Sorcerian]]'' was released. It was a party-based action RPG, with the player controlling a party of four characters at the same time in a side-scrolling view. The game also featured character creation, highly customizable characters, class-based puzzles, and a new scenario system, allowing players to choose which of 15 scenarios to play through in the order of their choice. It was also an [[episodic video game]], with expansion disks released soon after offering more scenarios.<ref name=GameCola>[http://gamecola.net/2010/10/sorcerian-pc/ Sorcerian (PC)], ''GameCola.net'', October 30, 2010</ref>


===''Legend of Heroes'' to ''Legend of Xanadu'' (1989-1995)===
⚫
Two of the games released for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Nintendo Famicom]], ''Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family'' and the spin-off of ''Xanadu'' known as ''Faxanadu'', were released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. The former was renamed ''[[Legacy of the Wizard]]''. The second of the three games released for the Nintendo Famicom, ''Romancia'', has never been released in North America for any platform. An English fan translation of the Famicom version of ''Romancia'' was released on April 23, 2008, by DvD Translations. An English version of ''[[Sorcerian]]'' was released in North America for [[MS-DOS]]. An English version of ''[[Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes]]'' was released for the [[TurboGrafx-CD]] in 1991, and is usually known as simply ''Dragon Slayer''. Subsequent ''[[The Legend of Heroes|Legend of Heroes]]'' games dropped their association with the ''Dragon Slayer'' series. In contrast to the action-oriented gameplay of the main ''Dragon Slayer'' titles, the ''Legend of Heroes'' titles use [[turn-based]] combat.
An English version of the 1989 title ''[[Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes]]'' was released for the [[TurboGrafx-CD]] in 1991, and is usually known as simply ''Dragon Slayer''. Subsequent ''[[The Legend of Heroes|Legend of Heroes]]'' games dropped their association with the ''Dragon Slayer'' series. In contrast to the action-oriented gameplay of most other ''Dragon Slayer'' titles, the ''Legend of Heroes'' titles use [[turn-based]] combat, while the 1991 title ''[[Lord Monarch]]'' on the other hand was an early [[real-time strategy]] game.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kalata|first=Kurt|title=Vantage Master|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/vantagemaster/vantagemaster.htm|work=Hardcore Gaming 101|accessdate=6 September 2011}}</ref> The final games released as part of the ''Dragon Slayer'' series were the action role-playing games ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|The Legend of Xanadu]]'' in 1994 and ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|The Legend of Xanadu II]] in 1995.


==Games==
==List of games==
The games in the series include:
The games in the series include:
*1.1 ''[[Dragon Slayer (video game)|Dragon Slayer]]'' (1984)
*1.1 ''[[Dragon Slayer (video game)|Dragon Slayer]]'' (1984)
Line 19: Line 52:
**2.2 ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|Xanadu Scenario II]]'' (1986)
**2.2 ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|Xanadu Scenario II]]'' (1986)
**2.3 ''[[Faxanadu]]'' (November 16, 1987)
**2.3 ''[[Faxanadu]]'' (November 16, 1987)
*3.1 ''[[Romancia|Dragon Slayer Jr.: Romancia]]'' (1986, Famicom: October 30, 1987)
*3.1 ''[[Dragon Slayer Jr: Romancia]]'' (1986)
*4.1 ''[[Legacy of the Wizard|Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family]]'' (''Legacy of the Wizard'') (July 17, 1987)
*4.1 ''[[Legacy of the Wizard|Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family]]'' (''Legacy of the Wizard'') (July 17, 1987)
*5.1 ''[[Sorcerian]]'' (1987)
*5.1 ''[[Sorcerian]]'' (December 20, 1987)
**5.2 ''[[Sorcerian#Add-ons|Sorcerian Additional Scenario Vol. 1]]'' (1988)
**5.2 ''[[Sorcerian#Add-ons|Sorcerian Additional Scenario Vol. 1]]'' (1988)
**5.3 ''[[Sorcerian#Add-ons|Sorcerian Additional Scenario Vol. 2: Sengoku Sorcerian]]'' (1988)
**5.3 ''[[Sorcerian#Add-ons|Sorcerian Additional Scenario Vol. 2: Sengoku Sorcerian]]'' (1988)
Line 28: Line 61:
**6.2 ''[[Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes II]]'' (1992)
**6.2 ''[[Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes II]]'' (1992)
*7.1 ''[[Lord Monarch]]'' (1991)
*7.1 ''[[Lord Monarch]]'' (1991)
**7.2 ''[[Advanced Lord Monarch]]'' (1991)
**7.2 ''Advanced Lord Monarch'' (1991)
**7.3 ''[[Monarch Monarch]]'' (1994)
**7.3 ''Monarch Monarch'' (1994)
*8.1 ''[[The Legend of Xanadu (video game)|The Legend of Xanadu]]'' (1994)
*8.1 ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|The Legend of Xanadu]]'' (1994)
**8.2 ''[[The Legend of Xanadu II]]'' (1995)
**8.2 ''[[Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu#Sequels|The Legend of Xanadu II]]'' (1995)


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 05:43, 10 September 2011

"Dragon Slayer" and "Dragon slayer" redirect here. For the 1981 movie, see Dragonslayer. For other uses, see Dragon slayer (disambiguation).
Dragon Slayer
ドラゴンスレイヤー
Genre(s)Role-playing game
Action role-playing game
Action-adventure game
Platform-adventure
Open world
Real-time strategy
Developer(s)Nihon Falcom
Hudson Soft (Faxanadu)
Publisher(s)Nihon Falcom
Square (MSX)
Hudson Soft (Famicom)
Nintendo (NES)
Sierra On-Line (MS-DOS)
Creator(s)Yoshio Kiya
Composer(s)Falcom Sound Team JDK
Yuzo Koshiro
Toshiya Takahashi
Mieko Ishikawa
Jun Chikuma
Platform(s)NEC PC-88, NEC PC-98, MSX, MSX2, FM-7, Sharp X1, Sharp X68000, Nintendo Entertainment System, TurboGrafx-16, MS-DOS, Super Cassette Vision, Game Boy, Mega Drive, Satellaview, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Microsoft Windows, Dreamcast, Virtual Console
First releaseDragon Slayer
1984
Latest releaseThe Legend of Xanadu II
1995
Spin-offsXanadu series
The Legend of Heroes series

Dragon Slayer (ドラゴンスレイヤー, Doragon Sureiyā) is an early action role-playing game developed and published by Nihon Falcom in 1984 for the NEC PC-88 computer system and ported by Square for the MSX.[1] Designed by Yoshio Kiya,[2] the game gave rise to a series of sequels, nearly all of them created by Falcom, with the exception of Faxanadu by Hudson Soft. The Dragon Slayer series was historically significant, both as a founder of the Japanese role-playing game industry,[3] and as the progenitor of the action role-playing game genre.[4][5]

The series encompasses several different genres, which include action role-playing, action-adventure, platform-adventure, open world, turn-based role-playing, and real-time strategy. Many of the early titles in this series were released for the PC-88, PC-98, MSX and MSX2 computers as well as other early Japanese PC platforms, while some were later ported to video game consoles. The series also features video game music soundtracks composed by chiptune musician Yuzo Koshiro and the Falcom Sound Team JDK.

History

Although commonly referred to as a series, the Dragon Slayer name is used to designate the body of work from producer Yoshio Kiya. There is no continuity in plot or even genre, but most of the games use role-playing game (RPG) elements and experiment with real-time action gameplay.[6]

Dragon Slayer and Xanadu (1984-1985)

The original Dragon Slayer and its sequel Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu are credited for being the progenitors of the action RPG genre,[4] abandoning the command-oriented turn-based battles of previous RPGs in favour of real-time hack and slash combat that requires direct input from the player, alongside puzzle-solving elements.[7] These games went on to influence later series such as The Legend of Zelda,[4][1] Hydlide, and Falcom's own Ys.[1] The way the Dragon Slayer series reworked the entire game system of each installment is also considered an influence on Square's Final Fantasy, which would do the same for each of its installments.[6] According to GamesTM and John Szczepaniak (of Retro Gamer and The Escapist), Enix's Dragon Quest was also influenced by Dragon Slayer and in turn defined many other RPGs.[3]

The original Dragon Slayer, released for the PC-88 in 1984,[1] is considered to be the first action-RPG. In contrast to earlier turn-based roguelikes, Dragon Slayer was a dungeon crawl RPG that was entirely real-time with action-oriented combat.[5] Dragon Slayer also featured an in-game map to help with the dungeon-crawling, required item management due to the inventory being limited to one item at a time,[1] and introduced the use of item-based puzzles which later influenced The Legend of Zelda.[4] Dragon Slayer was a major success in Japan, where its overhead action-RPG formula was used in many later games.[8] The game's MSX port was also one of the first titles to be published by Square.[1]

The sequel Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu, released in 1985, was a full-fledged action RPG with many character statistics and a large quest.[5][9] Xanadu incorporated a side-scrolling view during exploration and an overhead view during battle,[8] though some rooms were also explored using an overhead view. The game also allowed the player to visit towns, which have training facilities that can improve statistics, and shops that sell items, equipment that change the player character's visible appearance, and food that is consumed slowly over time and is essential for keeping the player character alive. It also introduced gameplay mechanics such as platform jumping, magic that can be used to attack enemies from a distance,[5] an early Karma morality system where the character's Karma meter will rise if he commits sin which in turn affects the temple's reaction to him,[5][9] a heavier emphasis on puzzle-solving,[7] and individual experience for equipped items.[9] It is also considered a "proto-Metroidvania" game,[10] due to being an "RPG turned on its side" that allowed players to run, jump, collect, and explore.[11] The game gained immense popularity in Japan, setting records for PC game sales, selling more than 400,000 copies.[9] Xanadu Scenario II, released the following year, was also an early example of an expansion pack.[8] The game was non-linear, allowing the eleven levels to be explored in any order. It was also composer Yuzo Koshiro's first video game music soundtrack.[12]

Romancia to Sorcerian (1986-1987)

In 1986, Dragon Slayer Jr: Romancia simplified the RPG mechanics of Xanadu, such as removing the character customization and simplifying the numerical statistics into icons, and emphasized faster-paced platform action, with a strict 30-minute time limit. The action took place entirely in a side-scrolling view rather than switching to a separate overhead combat screen like its predecessor. These changes made Romancia more like a side-scrolling action-adventure game.[6][13]

In 1987, Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family returned to the deeper action-RPG mechanics of Xanadu while maintaining the fully side-scrolling view of Romancia.[13] The game also introduced an open world and nonlinear gameplay similar to "Metroidvania" platform-adventures, making Drasle Family an early example of a non-linear, open-world action RPG.[14] That same year also saw the release of Xanadu's spin-off Faxanadu, a side-scrolling platform-action RPG.[8] Later that year, the fifth entry Sorcerian was released. It was a party-based action RPG, with the player controlling a party of four characters at the same time in a side-scrolling view. The game also featured character creation, highly customizable characters, class-based puzzles, and a new scenario system, allowing players to choose which of 15 scenarios, or quests, to play through in the order of their choice. It was also an episodic video game, with expansion disks released soon after offering more scenarios.[1][15]

Two of the games released for the Nintendo Famicom, Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family and the spin-off of Xanadu known as Faxanadu, were released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. The former was renamed Legacy of the Wizard. The second of the three games released for the Nintendo Famicom, Romancia, has never been released in North America for any platform. An English fan translation of the Famicom version of Romancia was released on April 23, 2008, by DvD Translations. An English version of Sorcerian was released in North America for MS-DOS in 1990, published by Sierra On-Line.

Legend of Heroes to Legend of Xanadu (1989-1995)

An English version of the 1989 title Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes was released for the TurboGrafx-CD in 1991, and is usually known as simply Dragon Slayer. Subsequent Legend of Heroes games dropped their association with the Dragon Slayer series. In contrast to the action-oriented gameplay of most other Dragon Slayer titles, the Legend of Heroes titles use turn-based combat, while the 1991 title Lord Monarch on the other hand was an early real-time strategy game.[16] The final games released as part of the Dragon Slayer series were the action role-playing games The Legend of Xanadu in 1994 and The Legend of Xanadu II in 1995.

List of games

The games in the series include:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Kurt Kalata. "Dragon Slayer". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  2. ^ John Szczepaniak. "Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier Retro Japanese Computers". Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 3. Retrieved 2011-03-29. Reprinted from Retro Gamer, 2009
  3. ^ a b Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152-159 [153]. Retrieved 2011-09-07. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) (cf. Szczepaniak, John (July 8, 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 6 September 2011.)
  4. ^ a b c d Kamada Shigeaki, レトロゲーム配信サイトと配信タイトルのピックアップ紹介記事「懐かし (Retro) (Translation), 4Gamer.net
  5. ^ a b c d e "Falcom Classics". GameSetWatch. July 12, 2006. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  6. ^ a b c John Harris (July 2, 2009). "Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs - Dragon Slayer". Gamasutra. p. 13. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  7. ^ a b Kat Bailey (May 18, 2010). "Hack and Slash: What Makes a Good Action RPG?". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  8. ^ a b c d Kalata, Kurt. "Xanadu". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
  9. ^ a b c d "Xanadu Next home page" (HTML). Retrieved 2008-09-08. (Translation)
  10. ^ Jeremy Parish. "Metroidvania". GameSpite.net. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  11. ^ Jeremy Parish (August 18, 2009). "8-Bit Cafe: The Shadow Complex Origin Story". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  12. ^ Kevin Gifford (June 3, 2010). "Xanadu Scenario II". MagWeasel.com. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  13. ^ a b Kurt Kalata, Romancia, Hardcore Gaming 101
  14. ^ Harris, John (September 26, 2007). "Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games - Dragon Slayer". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  15. ^ Sorcerian (PC), GameCola.net, October 30, 2010
  16. ^ Kalata, Kurt. "Vantage Master". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
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