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==[[April 18]], 1912 (Thursday)==
==[[April 18]], 1912 (Thursday)==
*Boston's [[Fenway Park]] and Detroit's [[Tiger Stadium]] (at that time known as [[Navin Field]]) both opened on the same day. At Fenway, which would still the Red Sox home a century later, the Sox beat the New York Highlanders (now the Yankees) 7-6. <ref>Robert Redmount, ''The Red Sox Encyclopedia'' (Sports Publishing LLC, 2002) p237</ref>. The same afternoon, the Tigers beat the Cleveland Indians, 6-5, at the park that they would remain in for 87 seasons; after which Tiger Stadium would be replaced by Commercial Park on April 11, 2000, the only other occasion when two major league stadiums would open on the same day (the San Francisco Giants' Pacific Bell Park would being the other field). Bob Mackin, ''The Unofficial Guide to Baseball's Most Unusual Records'' (Greystone Books, 2004) p83
*Boston's [[Fenway Park]] and Detroit's [[Tiger Stadium]] (at that time known as [[Navin Field]]) both opened on the same day. At Fenway, which would still the Red Sox home a century later, the Sox beat the New York Highlanders (now the Yankees) 7-6. <ref>Robert Redmount, ''The Red Sox Encyclopedia'' (Sports Publishing LLC, 2002) p237</ref>. The same afternoon, the Tigers beat the Cleveland Indians, 6-5, at the park that they would remain in for 87 seasons; after which Tiger Stadium would be replaced by Commercial Park on April 11, 2000, the only other occasion when two major league stadiums would open on the same day (the San Francisco Giants' Pacific Bell Park would being the other field). <ref> Bob Mackin, ''The Unofficial Guide to Baseball's Most Unusual Records'' (Greystone Books, 2004) p83 </ref>
*The ''Carpathia'' arrived in New York City with 210 survivors from the ''Titanic''. <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*The ''Carpathia'' arrived in New York City with 210 survivors from the ''Titanic''. <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*More than 100 Siberian coal miners were killed in a fight with Russian troops. <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*More than 100 Siberian coal miners were killed in a fight with Russian troops. <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*Italy attacked Turkey directly, as 27 warships sailed into the Dardanelles and began bombardment of Fort Kilid-ul-Bahr and Fort Sedd-ul-Bahr for two and a half hours. "Italian Warships Shell Dardanelles", ''New York Times'', April 19, 1912 A Turkish gunboat was sunk after its crew escaped, and one of the yachts of the Ottoman Sultan was captured by Italian forces. "Italian Shells Sunk Warship of Sultan", ''New York Times'', April 20, 1912 There were 300 Turkish soldiers killed and more wounded in the destruction of the Kunkaleh Fort. "Shelling KIlled 300 Turks", ''New York Times'', April 26, 1912
*Italy attacked Turkey directly, as 27 warships sailed into the Dardanelles and began bombardment of Fort Kilid-ul-Bahr and Fort Sedd-ul-Bahr for two and a half hours. <ref> "Italian Warships Shell Dardanelles", ''New York Times'', April 19, 1912 </ref> A Turkish gunboat was sunk after its crew escaped, and one of the yachts of the Ottoman Sultan was captured by Italian forces. <ref> "Italian Shells Sunk Warship of Sultan", ''New York Times'', April 20, 1912 </ref> There were 300 Turkish soldiers killed and more wounded in the destruction of the Kunkaleh Fort. <ref> "Shelling KIlled 300 Turks", ''New York Times'', April 26, 1912 </ref>
*Mulsim soldiers in the Moroccan city of Fez mutinied, killing fifty French officers and soldiers and almost 100 Jewish residents, before being suppressed <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*Muslim soldiers in the Moroccan city of Fez mutinied, killing fifty French officers and soldiers and almost 100 Jewish residents, before being suppressed <ref name="AROR May 1912"/>
*'''Died:''' [[Frederick Seddon]], 41, was hanged at Britain's [[Pentonville Prison]] for the poisoning and murder of Eliza Barrow in 1911. <ref> [http://www.murderuk.com/one_off_Frederick_Seddon.html MurderUK.com] </ref>
*'''Died:''' [[Walter C. Wingfield]], 78, English pioneer in the development of [[lawn tennis]]


==[[April 19]], 1912 (Friday)==
==[[April 19]], 1912 (Friday)==

Revision as of 20:08, 16 March 2012

January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December

[1]

[2] [2]

[3] [3]

American Review of Reviews Nov-Dec 87, Dec-Jan 160, Jan-Feb 289, Feb-Mar 414, Mar-Apr 540, Apr-May 675

The following events occurred in April 1912:

April 1, 1912 (Monday)

  • British hopes, that Robert Falcon Scott had reached the South Pole before Roald Amundsen of Norway, were ended when the Terra Nova arrived in New Zealand without Captain Scott on board, and the news that the Scott team had still been 150 miles from the Pole as of January 3. Amundsen's party had reached the Pole on December 14. Scott's party had arrived on January 17, then died in March while on the way back. [4]
  • The largest province in British India, the Bengal Province, was broken up as the new province of Bihar and Orissa, now part of India was separated from the region,

April 2, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The number of U.S. Senators increased from 92 to 96 with the swearing in of the legislators from Arizona and New Mexico. [5]
  • In the Wisconsin presidential primary, Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey finished ahead of former House Speaker Champ Clark among Democraats, and Senator La Follette bested President Taft in Republican voting. [6]
  • Born: Herbert Mills, a tenor in the four-man "Mills Brothers" band (d. 1989)
  • Died: Ishimoto Shinroku, 59, Japanese Minister of War

April 3, 1912 (Wednesday)

  • Calbraith P. Rodgers, the 33 year old American aviator who had flown, with multiple stops, from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Coast in the autumn of 1911, was killed while flying his plane in an airshow. One author would later write that "the first person to fly across the continental USA, was also the first to die as a result of a bird strike. Rodgers' Wright Pusher airplane collided with a seagull, the engine failed, and he crashed into the ocean near Long Beach, California. [7] [8]

April 4, 1912 (Thursday)

  • Died: Charles B. Aycock, 50, former Governor of North Carolina who advanced education and the opening of schools in that state, while making a speech to the Alabama Education Association. [9]

April 5, 1912 (Friday)

  • After more than 200 members of the International Workers of the World had been put in the city's jail, the police chief in San Diego, California had the prisoners released into the hands of vigilantes. The mob escorted the "Wobblies" to the county line, beat them, and warned them never to return. An investigator sent by Governor Hiram Johnson described the city's police as so brutal that he thought he was "sojourning in Russia". [10]
  • István Örkény, Hungarian playwright and novelist, in Budapest (d. 1979); and John Le Mesurier, English actor, in Bedford (d. 1983)

April 6, 1912 (Saturday)

  • The Miners' Federation of Great Britain ordered its striking members to return to work after passage of the Minmimum Wage bill [3]
  • The First Symphony of Franco Alfano premiered, at the Casino Municipal at Sanremo. [11]
  • Died: Giovanni Pascoli, 56, Italian poet and scholar

..April 7, 1912 (Sunday)

..April 8, 1912 (Monday)

  • (U.S. Children's Bureau?) Joseph M. Hawes, ed., The family in America: an encyclopedia A - G, (ABC-CLIO, 2001) p208
  • Born: Sonja Henie, Norwegian champion figure skater, in Christiana (now Oslo) (d. 1969); and Alois Brunner, Austrian-German Nazi war criminal (whereabouts unknown)
  • Died: Andrew Saks, 65, New York clothing magnate and founder of Saks & Company, now Saks Fifth Avenue

April 9, 1912 (Tuesday)

April 10, 1912 (Wednesday)

  • RMS Titanic, the largest ship ever constructed up to that time, began its maiden voyage from Southampton, England at noon, with a final destination of [[New York City. [14] On its exit, the ship caused the American liner New York to break free of its moorings. [15] It arrived in Cherbourg, France, that evening at 7:00 pm, took on more passengers, then departed two hours later. [16]
  • Prime Minister Capp of Romania resigned. [3]
  • The French liner Niagara, sailing from Le Havre to New York, struck ice while sailing near Newfoundland. The ship's bow plates were dented, the ship began to leak, and an S.O.S. was sent. The steamer Carmonia rushed to the rescue, but the crew of the Niagara was able to make repairs. [17]

April 11, 1912 (Thursday)

  • `Abdu'l-Bahá, leader of the Baha'i Faith, arrived in New York City to continue his journey to spread the new religion to the Western world. The spiritual leader had been brought over by the steamer S.S. Cedric, which had left Naples on March 24. Reportedly, American and Canadian Baha'iists had offered to pay extra for him to sail to New York on a much faster ship, the R.M.S. Titanic, but Abdul-Baha had declined. [18] The religious leader would spend the rest of the year in the U.S., giving 200 speeches on "The Oneness of Religion", and visiting 32 cities. [19]
  • Crosley Field, which would be the home of baseball's Cincinnati Reds for the next 58 seasons, opened to a record crowd of 26,336. The Reds beat the Chicago Cubs 10-6 in the opener, and would beat the San Francisco Giants, 5-4 in their final game there on June 24, 1970, before moving to Riverfront Park. [20]
  • In a minor league American Association baseball game between the Kansas City Blues and the Columbus Senators, there were no home runs nor foul balls that went into the stands. Hence, only one baseball was used for the entire nine innings, a feat that has never happened since in American professional baseball. [21]
  • The Titanic arrived at Queenstown (now Cobh) in Ireland at 12:30pm, picked up the last of its passengers, then departed for New York City with 2,227 people on board. [16]
  • Born: Gusti Wolf, Austrian actress (d. 2007)
  • Died: Major General Frederick Dent Grant, 61, eldest son of former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant

April 12, 1912 (Friday)

  • The legendary combination of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers and first baseman Frank Chance appeared together in a baseball game for the last time, as their Chicago Cubs team lost at Cincinnati, 3-2. The next day, Chance, now manager of the Chicago Cubs, replaced himself at first base with Vic Saier. The trio had begun working together on September 13, 1902, and was memorialized in the poem "Baseball's Sad Lexicon". [22]
  • The French liner SS La Touraine sent radio message to Captain Smith of the Titanic, giving the ship the first warnings of an ice field as far south as 42°S (roughly the latitude of Chicago). [16][23]
  • Born: Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)
  • Died: Clara Barton, 90 American nurse who founded the American Red Cross

April 13, 1912 (Saturday)

April 14, 1912 (Sunday)

  • Sinking of the RMS Titanic: At 11:40 pm ship time, RMS Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. Only one minute earlier, crewman Frederick Fleet spotted the iceberg straight ahead, but the ship was running at almost top speed, 25 mph, and tore the side after attempting to steer around. The collision occurred roughly 400 miles east of Newfoundland., The ship would stay afloat for two hours and forty minutes. The ship closest to the Titanic, SS Californian was only a few miles away, and had transmitted warnings about the ice field, but its radio operator had turned off his equipment at 11:30 pm, ten minutes before the collision. [25] During the day, Titanic received warnings from the Caronia, the Noordam, the Baltic, the Amerika, the Californian, the Mesaba. [16]
  • Santos FC, winner of 8 national championships in Brazil's major soccer football league]], was founded in the São Paulo suburb of Santos. [26]. It would play its first game on June 23. [27]
  • The silent film Paul J. Rainey's African Hunt was released by Carl Laemmle, who would found Universal Pictures two years later. The film was a national hit, and would gross $500,000 in revenues. [28]
  • China's President Yuan Shih-kai issued a manifesto asking the five separate race groups in the nation to unite through intermarriage. [3]
  • Died: Henri Brisson, 77, former President of French Chamber of Deputies

April 15, 1912 (Monday)

April 16, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • Harriet Quimby became the first woman to fly across the English Channel, less than three years after Louis Bleriot had become the first man to make the crossing. Quimby departed Dover at 5:30 am in a fog, and landed at Neufchâtel-Hardelot, 25 miles south of her intended destination of Calais. She would be killed in a plane crash less than three months later. [30]
  • Born: Edmond Jabès Jewish Egyptian French-language author, in Cairo (d. 1991); David Langton, British actor, (d. 1994); John Halas, Hungarian-British filmmaker and animator (Animal Farm), as János Halász, in Budapest; Garth Williams, American book illustrator (Charlotte's Web, Stuart Little, and Little House on the Prairie series); in New York City (p. 1996) and Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (d. 1997)

April 17, 1912 (Wednesday)

April 18, 1912 (Thursday)

  • Boston's Fenway Park and Detroit's Tiger Stadium (at that time known as Navin Field) both opened on the same day. At Fenway, which would still the Red Sox home a century later, the Sox beat the New York Highlanders (now the Yankees) 7-6. [34]. The same afternoon, the Tigers beat the Cleveland Indians, 6-5, at the park that they would remain in for 87 seasons; after which Tiger Stadium would be replaced by Commercial Park on April 11, 2000, the only other occasion when two major league stadiums would open on the same day (the San Francisco Giants' Pacific Bell Park would being the other field). [35]
  • The Carpathia arrived in New York City with 210 survivors from the Titanic. [3]
  • More than 100 Siberian coal miners were killed in a fight with Russian troops. [3]
  • Italy attacked Turkey directly, as 27 warships sailed into the Dardanelles and began bombardment of Fort Kilid-ul-Bahr and Fort Sedd-ul-Bahr for two and a half hours. [36] A Turkish gunboat was sunk after its crew escaped, and one of the yachts of the Ottoman Sultan was captured by Italian forces. [37] There were 300 Turkish soldiers killed and more wounded in the destruction of the Kunkaleh Fort. [38]
  • Muslim soldiers in the Moroccan city of Fez mutinied, killing fifty French officers and soldiers and almost 100 Jewish residents, before being suppressed [3]
  • Died: Frederick Seddon, 41, was hanged at Britain's Pentonville Prison for the poisoning and murder of Eliza Barrow in 1911. [39]
  • Died: Walter C. Wingfield, 78, English pioneer in the development of lawn tennis

April 19, 1912 (Friday)

  • The Russian Empire agreed to recognize Italian sovereignty over Libya in return for Italy's support of Russian influence in the Balkans. [3]
  • Testimony at U.S. Senate subcommittee by Titanic's second officer; 2nd Officer Lightoller and First Officer Murdock testified that they loaded as few as 25 people in boats intended to hold 65, only as much as they thought the ropes would hold, "Many Needlessly Died on Titanic; Lifeboats Launched Only Half Full", New York Times, April 20, 1912
  • The U.S. Hydrogaphic Office and representatives of the steamship lines agreed that the winter time course of ships would be 270 miles south of the course taken by the Titanic, adding between 9 and 14 hours to the trip. The new route would be 3,080 miles rather than 2,858 miles "All Ships to Take New Long Course", New York Times, April 20, 1912
  • Born: Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)

April 20, 1912 (Saturday)

  • Immediate reforms were ordered by the International Mercantile Marine, requiring all steamers to carry sufficient lifeboats and rafts for all passengers and crew. [3]
  • Died: Bram Stoker, 54, Irish writer best known as the creator of (Dracula) (b. 1847) (April 21?)

April 21, 1912 (Sunday)

  • Tornadoes that swept through Illinois and Indiana killed 72, with the hardest hit regions being Bush, Marion and Kankakee, Illinois, and Morocco, Indiana. Another 35 were killed in Oklahoma and Texas, with Rogers, Oklahoma and Lugert, Oklahoma being destroyed. [40]
  • George Lukacs formed a new cabinet as Prime Minister of Hungary. "New Hungarian Cabinet", New York Times, April 22, 1912
  • The New York Yankees and the New York Giants played an exhibition game at the Polo Grounds to raise money for destitute survivors of the Titanic. The Giants won, 11-2, before a crowd of 14,083 and the game raised $9,425.25 "14,083 Fans See Game for Charity", New York Times, April 22, 1912

"Ball Game for Titanic Survivors", , New York Times, April 20, 1912

April 22, 1912 (Monday)

April 23, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The very first New Hampshire primary was held, marking the first time that voters in New England decided on the delegates for a party nomination. President Taft defeated former President Roosevelt. "Taft Wins New Hampshire", New York Times, April 24, 1912
  • Italian troops seized control of the Turkish island of Stampalia. [3]

April 24, 1912 (Wednesday)

  • The RMS Olympic, sister ship of the White Star liner Titanic, was barred from departing Southampton with its 1,400 passengers because of a strike by shipworkers, over insufficient lifeboats. The White Star Line had added 16 "collapsible" boats which could be deployed in a hurry. [3] "Firemen Strike; Olympic Held", New York Times, April 25, 1912
  • Portuguese troops killed striking textile workers at Villa Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto "Many Slain in Portugal", New York Times, April 25, 1912
  • Died: Justin McCarthy, 81, Irish historian, novelist and former MP

April 25, 1912 (Thursday)

  • Germany's Reichstag defeated the proposal to increase the Army and Navy

April 26, 1912 (Friday)

  • The bazaar, shopping quarter for Syrians in Damascus, caught on fire, causing $10,000,000 in damages and killing several persons. "Damascus Bazar Burned", New York Times, April 29, 1912
  • Born: A. E. van Vogt, Canadian-born writer (d. 2000)

April 27, 1912 (Saturday)

  • Civil war broke out again in Paraguay, with former President Jara commanding rebels at Villa Encarnacion. Four Paraguayan warships bombarded the rebels, who returned fire with cannons and forced the troops to withdraw. "Rebels Repel Warships", New York Times, April 28, 1912
  • China cancelled a $50,000,000 contract with a Belgian firm after protests by the four powers (the U.S., U.K., France and Germany) "Knox Note on China Stops Belgian Loan", New York Times, April 28, 1912
  • Born: Zohra Segal, Indian stage and film actress

April 28, 1912 (Sunday)

  • A fire in the bazaar section of Damascus caused $10,000,000 worth of damage. [3] (Friday)
  • Born: Odette Sansom, French World War II heroine (d. 1995); and Kaneto Shindō, Japanese film director

April 29, 1912 (Monday)

April 30, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The cable ship Mackey-Bennett arrived at Halifax, bringing the bodies of 190 people who had drowned or frozen to death after escaping the Titanic. Although the ship had recovered 306 bodies, 116 of those were buried at sea, including 57 that had been identified. Located were the remains of John Jacob Astor and Isidor Straus, while Mrs. Straus and former presidential adviser Archibald Butt were never located. "Funeral Ship in with 190 Dead; Waiting Relatives Stunned by News That 116 Titanic Victims Were Buried at Sea", New York Times, May 1, 1912

References

  1. ^ The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopaedia Britannica] (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1913) pp xxiii-xxv
  2. ^ a b "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (April 1912), pp414-417
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (April 1912), pp540-543
  4. ^ Edward J. Larson, An Empire of Ice: Scott, Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science (Yale University Press, 2011) p22
  5. ^ "Senate Now Numbers 96", New York Times, April 2, 1912
  6. ^ "Wisconsin for La Follette", New York Times, April 3, 1912
  7. ^ Jerry LeMieux, One Bird Strike and You're Out!: Solutions to Prevent Bird Strikes (Trafford Publishing, 2009) p278
  8. ^ "Aviator Rodgers Plunges to Death", New York Times, April 4, 1912, p1
  9. ^ Theresa Lacey, Amazing North Carolina (Thomas Nelson, 2003)
  10. ^ Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America from 1870 to 1976 (University of Illinois Press, 2001) p87
  11. ^ Konrad Dryden, Franco Alfano: Transcending Turandot (Scarecrow Press, 2010) p36
  12. ^ "Roosevelt Wins in Illinois by 2 to 1 over Taft", New York Times, April 10, 1912
  13. ^ James Alner Tobey, The National Government and Public Health (Ayer Publishing, 1926) p232
  14. ^ "The Titanic Sails To-Day", New York Times, April 10, 1912;
  15. ^ "Titanic in Peril on Leaving Port", New York Times, April 11, 1912
  16. ^ a b c d e Royal Mail Steamer Titanic Memorial Site
  17. ^ "Liner with Leaks from Blows of Ice", New York Times, April 17, 1912
  18. ^ Will C. van den Hoonaard, The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948 (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1996) p44
  19. ^ William Garlington, The Baha'i Faith in America (Greenwood Publishing, 2005) p93
  20. ^ Greg Rhodes and John Erardi, Cincinnati's Crosley Field: The Illustrated History of a Classic Ballpark (Clerisy Press, April 28, 2009) p44, p196
  21. ^ "Big Doings in the Minor Leagues", by Ed Bell, Baseball Digest (August 1976); "Never Changed Ball", Toledo (OH) News-Bee, April 12, 1912, p26
  22. ^ Art Ahrens, Chicago Cubs: Tinker to Evers to Chance (Arcadia Publishing, 2007) p95
  23. ^ "Told Titanic of Icebergs", New York Times, April 17, 1912
  24. ^ Walter J. Boyne, The Influence of Air Power upon History (Pelican Publishing, 2003) p45
  25. ^ United States Naval Institute Proceedings (Volume 41, Issue 2) (United States Naval Institute, 1915) p1214
  26. ^ [1]
  27. ^ Santos timeline
  28. ^ Pascal James Imperato and Eleanor M. Imperato, They Married Adventure: The Wandering Lives of Martin and Osa Johnson (Rutgers University Press, 1999) p97
  29. ^ "Loss of S.S. Titanic; Greatest of Marine Disasters", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac 1913, p513
  30. ^ Mark C. Carnes, ed., American National Biography: Supplement (Oxford University Press, 2005) p456
  31. ^ Don Lincoln, Understanding the Universe: From Quarks to the Cosmos (World Scientific, 2004) p82
  32. ^ F. E. Close, et al., The Particle Odyssey: a Journey to the Heart of the Matter (Oxford University Press, 2004) p6
  33. ^ "Makes Woman Bureau Chief- Miss Lathrop, Named by Taft, is First to Head Federal Department", New York Times, April 18, 1912
  34. ^ Robert Redmount, The Red Sox Encyclopedia (Sports Publishing LLC, 2002) p237
  35. ^ Bob Mackin, The Unofficial Guide to Baseball's Most Unusual Records (Greystone Books, 2004) p83
  36. ^ "Italian Warships Shell Dardanelles", New York Times, April 19, 1912
  37. ^ "Italian Shells Sunk Warship of Sultan", New York Times, April 20, 1912
  38. ^ "Shelling KIlled 300 Turks", New York Times, April 26, 1912
  39. ^ MurderUK.com
  40. ^ "97 Dead in Storms, Hundreds Homeless", New York Times, April 23, 1912

Britannica yearbook

http://books.google.com/books?id=B8MGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=%22American+review+of+reviews%22++%22July+1911%22&hl=en&ei=iJnETfHcCMrLgQf0jKHLBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22American%20review%20of%20reviews%22%20%20%22July%201911%22&f=false

"How Single Votes Have Made History

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