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| crest =
| crest =
| caption =
| caption =
| ethnicity = [[Greeks|Greek]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Glas, Volume 338|year=1983|publisher=Serbian Academy of Science and Arts|url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=Uq0rAQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&redir_esc=y|accessdate=20 January 2012|page=72|language=Serbian|quote= Петар Спан, господар краја између Скадра и Дриваста, чији су се преци, пореклом Грци,}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Šufflay |first=Milan |author=Milan Šufflay |authorlink=Milan Šufflay |title= Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku) |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&id=qpMaAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&q=%22Toj+skup%C5%A1tini+pribiva+i+katoli%C4%8Dki+Arbanas+Petar+Span%2C+mo%C4%87an+pro*+nijar+oko+Skadra+i+Drivosta.+Obitelj+ova+Span%2C+de+Span%2C+Hi*+spanus%2C+Spanovi%C4%87+podrijetlom+je+gr%C4%8Dka+%28%3Efxav6g+zna%C4%8Di+%C4%87osat%2C+bezbrad%2C+pogrdna+rije%C4%8D+kod+sredovje%C4%8Dnih+Grka%29.%22#search_anchor |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= 20 January 2012 |year=1925 |location= Belgrade |language= Serbian |oclc=440847167 |quote= Obitelj ova Span, de Span, Hi* spanus, Spanović podrijetlom je grčka"}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens |author= Oliver Jens Schmitt|authorlink= Oliver Jens Schmitt |title=Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479) |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%22&hl=en&ei=F_RFTd2ZMse08QOh5fSuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2001 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München |location= München|language= |isbn=3-486-56569--9 |page=128 |quote=Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) }}</ref>
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| region =
| region =
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| heirlooms =
| heirlooms =
| estate = [[Drivast]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens |author= Oliver Jens Schmitt |title=Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479) |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%22&hl=en&ei=F_RFTd2ZMse08QOh5fSuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2001 |month= |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München |location= München|language= |isbn=3-486-56569--9 |page=128 |quote=Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) }}</ref>
| estate = [[Drivast]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens |author= Oliver Jens Schmitt |title=Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479) |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%22&hl=en&ei=F_RFTd2ZMse08QOh5fSuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2001 |month= |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München |location= München|language= |isbn=3-486-56569--9 |page=128 |quote=Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) }}</ref>
Derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''spanos'' ({{lang-el|σπανός}}) which means beardless.
| meaning = Derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''spanos'' ({{lang-el|σπανός}}) which means beardless.<ref>{{Citation |last=Šufflay |first=Milan |author=Milan Šufflay |authorlink=Milan Šufflay |title= Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku) |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&id=qpMaAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&q=%22Toj+skup%C5%A1tini+pribiva+i+katoli%C4%8Dki+Arbanas+Petar+Span%2C+mo%C4%87an+pro*+nijar+oko+Skadra+i+Drivosta.+Obitelj+ova+Span%2C+de+Span%2C+Hi*+spanus%2C+Spanovi%C4%87+podrijetlom+je+gr%C4%8Dka+%28%3Efxav6g+zna%C4%8Di+%C4%87osat%2C+bezbrad%2C+pogrdna+rije%C4%8D+kod+sredovje%C4%8Dnih+Grka%29.%22#search_anchor |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= 20 January 2012 |year=1925 |location= Belgrade |language= Serbian |oclc=440847167 |quote= (σπανός znači ćosat, bezbrad, pogrdna riječ kod sredovječnih Grka)." }}</ref>
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
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== History ==
== History ==
As a family with a nobility status the Spanis first appear in 1304-5 as part of the nobility of the [[Kingdom of Albania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=www.etd.ceu.hu/2009/mphlae01.pdf|title= Regnum Albaniae, the Papal Curia, and the Western Visions of a Borderline Nobility |last=Lala|first=Etleva|year=2008|publisher=Central European University|page=147|accessdate=21 January 2012}}</ref> The territories the family ruled varied from time to time, but Drivast seems to have been their center.<ref name="DemirajCamaj2010"/> In the 1380s, the [[Balsha]] family had taken over Spani territory, along with much of the rest of northern Albania, all the way to [[Mirdita]] and [[Lezhë|Alessio]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Frashëri|first=Kristo|title=Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra (1405-1468)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vwR3PQAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|year=2002|publisher=Botimet Toena|page=33}}</ref> The surname ''Span'' or ''Spani'' probably derives from the Greek word ''spanos'' (beardless).<ref name="DemirajCamaj2010">{{cite book|last1=Demiraj|first1=Bardhyl|last2=Camaj|first2=Martin|title=Wir sind die Deinen: Studien zur albanischen Sprache, Literatur und Kulturgeschichte, dem Gedenken an Martin Camaj (1925-1992) gewidmet|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bmIVOGu0WWEC&pg=PA544|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=2010|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-06221-3|page=544}}</ref> In Croatia and Serbia the surname is transliterated as Spanic and Spanovic. Serbian historians including J. Erdeljanovic and Petar Sobajic linked the surname with the descendants of the romanized [[Illyrians|Illyrian]] population of Montenegro, although that is considered unlikely as the name is neither related to a particular population nor are all its bearers related.<ref name="Hercegovine1971">{{cite book|title=Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesmuseums: Volkskunde|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NRokAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 January 2012|series=42-3|year=1971|publisher=Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine}}</ref> In the folk traditions of the clans of Montenegro the Spanis appear as the oldest population in their tribal districts of Montenegro. Placenames related to the Spani are mostly found in northwestern Albania and southern Montenegro, but some can also be found in areas of [[Kosovo]]. In the early subdivisions of Albania during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman era]] the region ruled by Pjetër Spani was known in Ottoman Turkish as ''Petrishpani'' or ''Ishpani''.<ref name="Pulaha1968">{{cite book|last=Pulaha|first=Selami|title=Burime Osmane|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xVwQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=1968|publisher=University of Tirana|page=338}}</ref><ref name="Shqipërisë1985">{{cite book|title=The Albanians and their territories|accessdate=21 January 2012|series=Academy of Sciences of Albania|year=1985|publisher="8 Nëntori" Pub. House|page=354}}</ref> Of the branches that migrated in the Venetian territories, the Venice one became extinct in the late 16th century, while the Dalmatia mainly found in [[Korcula]] was elevated in the ranks of the local nobility.
As a family with a nobility status the Spanis first appear in 1304-5 as part of the nobility of the [[Kingdom of Albania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=www.etd.ceu.hu/2009/mphlae01.pdf|title= Regnum Albaniae, the Papal Curia, and the Western Visions of a Borderline Nobility |last=Lala|first=Etleva|year=2008|publisher=Central European University|page=147|accessdate=21 January 2012}}</ref> The territories the family ruled varied from time to time, but Drivast seems to have been their center.<ref name="DemirajCamaj2010"/> In the 1380s, the [[Balsha]] family had taken over Spani territory, along with much of the rest of northern Albania, all the way to [[Mirdita]] and [[Lezhë|Alessio]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Frashëri|first=Kristo|title=Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra (1405-1468)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vwR3PQAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|year=2002|publisher=Botimet Toena|page=33}}</ref> The surname ''Span'' or ''Spani'' probably derives from the Greek word ''spanos'' (beardless).<ref>{{Citation |last=Šufflay |first=Milan |author=Milan Šufflay |authorlink=Milan Šufflay |title= Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku)|url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&id=qpMaAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&q=%22Toj+skup%C5%A1tini+pribiva+i+katoli%C4%8Dki+Arbanas+Petar+Span%2C+mo%C4%87an+pro*+nijar+oko+Skadra+i+Drivosta.+Obitelj+ova+Span%2C+de+Span%2C+Hi*+spanus%2C+Spanovi%C4%87+podrijetlom+je+gr%C4%8Dka+%28%3Efxav6g+zna%C4%8Di+%C4%87osat%2C+bezbrad%2C+pogrdna+rije%C4%8D+kod+sredovje%C4%8Dnih+Grka%29.%22#search_anchor|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= 20 January 2012 |year=1925 |location= Belgrade|language= Serbian |oclc=440847167 |quote= (σπανός znači ćosat, bezbrad, pogrdna riječ kod sredovječnih Grka)." }}</ref> <ref name="DemirajCamaj2010">{{cite book|last1=Demiraj|first1=Bardhyl|last2=Camaj|first2=Martin|title=Wir sind die Deinen: Studien zur albanischen Sprache, Literatur und Kulturgeschichte, dem Gedenken an Martin Camaj (1925-1992) gewidmet|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bmIVOGu0WWEC&pg=PA544|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=2010|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-06221-3|page=544}}</ref> In Croatia and Serbia the surname is transliterated as Spanic and Spanovic. Serbian historians including J. Erdeljanovic and Petar Sobajic linked the surname with the descendants of the romanized [[Illyrians|Illyrian]] population of Montenegro, although that is considered unlikely as the name is neither related to a particular population nor are all its bearers related.<ref name="Hercegovine1971">{{cite book|title=Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesmuseums: Volkskunde|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NRokAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 January 2012|series=42-3|year=1971|publisher=Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine}}</ref> In the folk traditions of the clans of Montenegro the Spanis appear as the oldest population in their tribal districts of Montenegro. Placenames related to the Spani are mostly found in northwestern Albania and southern Montenegro, but some can also be found in areas of [[Kosovo]]. In the early subdivisions of Albania during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman era]] the region ruled by Pjetër Spani was known in Ottoman Turkish as ''Petrishpani'' or ''Ishpani''.<ref name="Pulaha1968">{{cite book|last=Pulaha|first=Selami|title=Burime Osmane|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xVwQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=1968|publisher=University of Tirana|page=338}}</ref><ref name="Shqipërisë1985">{{cite book|title=The Albanians and their territories|accessdate=21 January 2012|series=Academy of Sciences of Albania|year=1985|publisher="8 Nëntori" Pub. House|page=354}}</ref> Of the branches that migrated in the Venetian territories, the Venice one became extinct in the late 16th century, while the Dalmatia mainly found in [[Korcula]] was elevated in the ranks of the local nobility.


== Members ==
== Members ==
A branch of the family claimed descent from several imperial [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] families. In [[Gjon Muzaka]]'s 1510 work ''Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi'' [[Alessio Span]] is mentioned as a descendant of Emperor Theodosius, although it is unclear to whom it refers as there were three Byzantine emperors named ''Theodosius''. The Byzantine author Andreas Angelos Komnenos mentions [[Alexios III Angelos]] as his great-great-great grandfather in his work ''Constitutio Ordinis Constantiniani Equestris''. According to that account his father was Michael, Duke of Drivast and his mother Helena Span.<ref name="Stavrides2001">{{cite book|last=Stavrides|first=Théoharis|title=The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic̕ (1453-1474)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC&pg=PA230|accessdate=20 January 2012|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-12106-5|page=230}}</ref>
A branch of the family claimed descent from several imperial [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] families. In [[Gjon Muzaka]]'s 1510 work ''Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi'' [[Alessio Span]] is mentioned as a descendant of Emperor Theodosius, although it is unclear to whom it refers as there were three Byzantine emperors named ''Theodosius''. The Byzantine author Andreas Angelos Komnenos mentions [[Alexios III Angelos]] as his great-great-great grandfather in his work ''Constitutio Ordinis Constantiniani Equestris''. According to that account his father was Michael, Duke of Drivast and his mother Helena Span.<ref name="Stavrides2001">{{cite book|last=Stavrides|first=Théoharis|title=The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic̕ (1453-1474)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC&pg=PA230|accessdate=20 January 2012|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-12106-5|page=230}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|title=Glas, Volume 338|year=1983|publisher=Serbian Academy of Science and Arts|url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=Uq0rAQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&redir_esc=y|accessdate=20 January 2012|page=72|language=Serbian|quote= Петар Спан, господар краја између Скадра и Дриваста, чији су се преци, пореклом Грци,}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Šufflay |first=Milan |author=Milan Šufflay |authorlink=Milan Šufflay |title= Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku) |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=fJ4ZT6raNqOM4gSKm9nUDQ&id=qpMaAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%22&q=%22Toj+skup%C5%A1tini+pribiva+i+katoli%C4%8Dki+Arbanas+Petar+Span%2C+mo%C4%87an+pro*+nijar+oko+Skadra+i+Drivosta.+Obitelj+ova+Span%2C+de+Span%2C+Hi*+spanus%2C+Spanovi%C4%87+podrijetlom+je+gr%C4%8Dka+%28%3Efxav6g+zna%C4%8Di+%C4%87osat%2C+bezbrad%2C+pogrdna+rije%C4%8D+kod+sredovje%C4%8Dnih+Grka%29.%22#search_anchor|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= 20 January 2012 |year=1925 |location= Belgrade|language= Serbian |oclc=440847167 |quote= Obitelj ova Span, de Span, Hi* spanus, Spanović podrijetlom je grčka"}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens |author= Oliver Jens Schmitt|authorlink= Oliver Jens Schmitt |title=Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%22&hl=en&ei=F_RFTd2ZMse08QOh5fSuCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2001 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München |location= München|language=|isbn=3-486-56569--9 |page=128 |quote=Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) }}</ref>


*[[Alessio Span]] (1442-1495), diplomat of Venice.
*[[Alessio Span]] (1442-1495), diplomat of Venice.

Revision as of 21:59, 20 March 2012

Spani family
MembersAlessio Span
Estate(s)Drivast[1] Derived from the Greek word spanos (Greek: σπανός) which means beardless.

The Spani or Span family was a northern Albanian noble family and clan.[2] The center of the family was Drivast, which it ruled holding the titles of Douke (dux) and Count (comes). In the late 15th century large part of it settled in Venetian territories, primarily Venice and Dalmatia. The clan was spread in a wider region ranging from northern Albania and Montenegro to western Kosovo.

History

As a family with a nobility status the Spanis first appear in 1304-5 as part of the nobility of the Kingdom of Albania.[3] The territories the family ruled varied from time to time, but Drivast seems to have been their center.[4] In the 1380s, the Balsha family had taken over Spani territory, along with much of the rest of northern Albania, all the way to Mirdita and Alessio.[5] The surname Span or Spani probably derives from the Greek word spanos (beardless).[6] [4] In Croatia and Serbia the surname is transliterated as Spanic and Spanovic. Serbian historians including J. Erdeljanovic and Petar Sobajic linked the surname with the descendants of the romanized Illyrian population of Montenegro, although that is considered unlikely as the name is neither related to a particular population nor are all its bearers related.[2] In the folk traditions of the clans of Montenegro the Spanis appear as the oldest population in their tribal districts of Montenegro. Placenames related to the Spani are mostly found in northwestern Albania and southern Montenegro, but some can also be found in areas of Kosovo. In the early subdivisions of Albania during the Ottoman era the region ruled by Pjetër Spani was known in Ottoman Turkish as Petrishpani or Ishpani.[7][8] Of the branches that migrated in the Venetian territories, the Venice one became extinct in the late 16th century, while the Dalmatia mainly found in Korcula was elevated in the ranks of the local nobility.

Members

A branch of the family claimed descent from several imperial Byzantine families. In Gjon Muzaka's 1510 work Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi Alessio Span is mentioned as a descendant of Emperor Theodosius, although it is unclear to whom it refers as there were three Byzantine emperors named Theodosius. The Byzantine author Andreas Angelos Komnenos mentions Alexios III Angelos as his great-great-great grandfather in his work Constitutio Ordinis Constantiniani Equestris. According to that account his father was Michael, Duke of Drivast and his mother Helena Span.[9] [10][11][12]

Sources

  1. ^ Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001), Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479), München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, p. 128, ISBN 3-486-56569--9, Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  2. ^ a b c Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesmuseums: Volkskunde. 42-3. Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine. 1971. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  3. ^ Lala, Etleva (2008). [www.etd.ceu.hu/2009/mphlae01.pdf "Regnum Albaniae, the Papal Curia, and the Western Visions of a Borderline Nobility"] (PDF). Central European University. p. 147. Retrieved 21 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ a b Demiraj, Bardhyl; Camaj, Martin (2010). Wir sind die Deinen: Studien zur albanischen Sprache, Literatur und Kulturgeschichte, dem Gedenken an Martin Camaj (1925-1992) gewidmet. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 544. ISBN 978-3-447-06221-3. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  5. ^ Frashëri, Kristo (2002). Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra (1405-1468). Botimet Toena. p. 33.
  6. ^ Šufflay, Milan (1925), Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku) (in Serbian), Belgrade, OCLC 440847167, retrieved 20 January 2012, (σπανός znači ćosat, bezbrad, pogrdna riječ kod sredovječnih Grka)." {{citation}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Pulaha, Selami (1968). Burime Osmane. University of Tirana. p. 338. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  8. ^ The Albanians and their territories. Academy of Sciences of Albania. "8 Nëntori" Pub. House. 1985. p. 354. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  9. ^ Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic̕ (1453-1474). BRILL. p. 230. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  10. ^ Glas, Volume 338 (in Serbian). Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. 1983. p. 72. Retrieved 20 January 2012. Петар Спан, господар краја између Скадра и Дриваста, чији су се преци, пореклом Грци,
  11. ^ Šufflay, Milan (1925), Srbi i Arbanasi : (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku) (in Serbian), Belgrade, OCLC 440847167, retrieved 20 January 2012, Obitelj ova Span, de Span, Hi* spanus, Spanović podrijetlom je grčka" {{citation}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001), Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479), München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, p. 128, ISBN 3-486-56569--9, Stefano Span (griechischer Herkunft; im 15 Jahrhundert Drivastiner patrizier) {{citation}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
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