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HMS Superb was a 64 gun, third rate, British warship. Prior to her capture off Lizard Point by [[HMS Kent (1679)|HMS Kent]], she was a French fourth rate of 56 guns. Commissioned into the [[Royal Navy]] in September 1710, HMS Superb served throughout [[Queen Anne's War]] and the [[War of the Quadruple Alliance]] where she participated in the destruction of the Spanish fleet off [[Battle of Cape Passaro|Passero in 1718]]. She was broken up in 1732.
'''HMS ''Superb''''' was a 64 gun, [[third-rate]], British warship. Prior to her capture off Lizard Point by {{HMS|Kent|1679|6}}, she was a French fourth rate of 56 guns. Commissioned into the [[Royal Navy]] in September 1710, HMS ''Superb'' served throughout [[Queen Anne's War]] and the [[War of the Quadruple Alliance]] where she participated in the destruction of the Spanish fleet off [[Battle of Cape Passaro|Passaro in 1718]]. She was broken up in 1732.


==Construction==
==Construction==
Le Superbe was designed by Pierre Blaise Coulomb and constructed between August 1708 and March 1709 at [[L'Orient]], a French naval base on the coast of [[Brittany]] in the north-west France. She was launched in December 1708 and measured {{convert|143|ft|6|in|m|abbr =on}} along her gundeck, had a beam of {{convert|40|ft|2|in|m|abbr =on}} and [[Draft (hull)|drew]] from {{convert|17|ft|0|in|m|abbr =on}} at the [[bow (ship)|bow]], to {{convert|18|ft|6|in|m|abbr =on}} at the [[stern]]. With a depth in the hold of {{convert|15|ft|6.5|in|m|abbr =on}}, she had a capacity of 1,020 <small>{{Fraction|23|94}}</small> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]]).<ref name=Win>{{cite book |first1=Rif |last1=Winfield |titlelink1= |others= |title=[[British Warships in the Age of Sail]] 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates |origyear= |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location= |year=2009 |language= |isbn=978-1-84832-040-6 |page= |pages= |at=}}</ref>
''Le Superbe'' was designed by Pierre Blaise Coulomb and constructed between August 1708 and March 1709 at [[L'Orient]], a French naval base on the coast of [[Brittany]] in the north-west France. She was launched in December 1708 and measured {{convert|143|ft|6|in|m|abbr =on}} along her gundeck, had a beam of {{convert|40|ft|2|in|m|abbr =on}} and [[Draft (hull)|drew]] from {{convert|17|ft|0|in|m|abbr =on}} at the [[bow (ship)|bow]], to {{convert|18|ft|6|in|m|abbr =on}} at the [[stern]]. With a depth in the hold of {{convert|15|ft|6.5|in|m|abbr =on}}, she had a capacity of 1,020 <small>{{Fraction|23|94}}</small> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]]).<ref name=Win>{{cite book |first1=Rif |last1=Winfield |titlelink1= |others= |title=[[British Warships in the Age of Sail]] 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates |origyear= |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location= |year=2009 |language= |isbn=978-1-84832-040-6 |page= |pages= |at=}}</ref>


==Career (Royal Navy)==
==Career (Royal Navy)==
On 29 July 1710 ''Le Superbe'' was captured off [[The Lizard]] by ''HMS Kent''. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy as ''HMS Superb'' on 23 September 1710 and sailed under Commander, later Captain, [[William Elford (Royal Navy officer)|William Elford]].<ref name=Bon>{{cite book |first1=Patrick |last1=Boniface |titlelink1= |others= |title=HMS Superb – The Life and Times of a Unique British Cruiser |origyear= |publisher=Periscope Publishing |location= |year=2006 |language= |isbn=9781904381341|page=5 |pages= |at=}}</ref> In 1711 she passed to Captain [[James Moneypenny (Royal Navy officer)|James Moneypenny]] and was ordered to the Mediterranean.<ref name=Win/> In September 1712, ''HMS Superb'' together with ''[[HMS Cornwall (1692)|HMS Cornwall]], [[HMS Mary (1704)|Mary]]'' and ''[[HMS Lion (1709)|Lion]]'', assisted Admiral Jennings with the landing of troops at [[Barcelona]] before being sent to [[Genoa]] with dispatches.<ref name =Gaz1>{{Citation | title = Florence, September 6th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5053 | page = 1| date = 20–23 September 1712| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5053/pages/1}}</ref> In May 1713 she sailed with ''[[HMS Ormonde (1711)|Ormonde]]'' from [[Sicily]] to [[Livorno|Leghorn]] via [[Naples]]<ref name =Gaz2>{{Citation | title = Venice, May 7th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5120 | page = 3| date = 12–16 May 1713| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5120/pages/3}}</ref><ref name =Gaz3>{{Citation | title = Naples, May 10th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5124 | page = 4| date = 26–30 May 1713| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5124/pages/4}}</ref> before being ordered home later that year.<ref name=Win/>
On 29 July 1710 ''Le Superbe'' was captured off [[The Lizard]] by HMS ''Kent''. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS ''Superb'' on 23 September 1710 and sailed under Commander, later Captain, [[William Elford (Royal Navy officer)|William Elford]].<ref name=Bon>{{cite book |first1=Patrick |last1=Boniface |titlelink1= |others= |title=HMS Superb – The Life and Times of a Unique British Cruiser |origyear= |publisher=Periscope Publishing |location= |year=2006 |language= |isbn=9781904381341|page=5 |pages= |at=}}</ref> In 1711 she passed to Captain [[James Moneypenny (Royal Navy officer)|James Moneypenny]] and was ordered to the Mediterranean.<ref name=Win/> In September 1712, HMS ''Superb'' together with {{HMS|Cornwall|1692|6}}, ((HMS|Mary|1704|2}} and {{HMS|Lion|1709|2}}, assisted Admiral Jennings with the landing of troops at [[Barcelona]] before being sent to [[Genoa]] with dispatches.<ref name =Gaz1>{{Citation | title = Florence, September 6th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5053 | page = 1| date = 20–23 September 1712| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5053/pages/1}}</ref> In May 1713 she sailed with {{HMS|Ormonde|1711|6}} from [[Sicily]] to [[Livorno|Leghorn]] via [[Naples]]<ref name =Gaz2>{{Citation | title = Venice, May 7th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5120 | page = 3| date = 12–16 May 1713| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5120/pages/3}}</ref><ref name =Gaz3>{{Citation | title = Naples, May 10th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5124 | page = 4| date = 26–30 May 1713| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5124/pages/4}}</ref> before being ordered home later that year.<ref name=Win/>


On 24 September 1716, while anchored in [[The Downs]] off [[Deal, Kent|Deal]], ''Superb'' was blown off station in a violent storm. She returned without serious damage however on 3 October.<ref name =Gaz6>{{Citation | title = Deal, September 16th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5469 | page = 2| date = 22–25 September 1716| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5469/pages/2}}</ref><ref name =Gaz7>{{Citation | title = Deal, September 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5471 | page = 2| date = 15–18 September 1716| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5471/pages/2}}</ref>
On 24 September 1716, while anchored in [[The Downs]] off [[Deal, Kent|Deal]], ''Superb'' was blown off station in a violent storm. She returned without serious damage however on 3 October.<ref name =Gaz6>{{Citation | title = Deal, September 16th | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5469 | page = 2| date = 22–25 September 1716| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5469/pages/2}}</ref><ref name =Gaz7>{{Citation | title = Deal, September 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5471 | page = 2| date = 15–18 September 1716| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5471/pages/2}}</ref>


In 1717 ''HMS Superb'' was in the Baltic commanded by Captain [[George Sanders (Royal Navy officer)|George Sanders]] but by the middle of the following year she was back in the Mediterranean after a refit Chatham.<ref name=Win/> Under Captain Strensham Master, and attached to [[George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington|George Byng's]] fleet, ''Superb'' spent the next few months cruising and delivering dispatches before playing an active role in the [[Battle of Cape Passaro]].
In 1717 HMS ''Superb'' was in the Baltic commanded by Captain [[George Sanders (Royal Navy officer)|George Sanders]] but by the middle of the following year she was back in the Mediterranean after a refit Chatham.<ref name=Win/> Under Captain Strensham Master, and attached to [[George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington|George Byng's]] fleet, ''Superb'' spent the next few months cruising and delivering dispatches before playing an active role in the [[Battle of Cape Passaro]].


===Battle of Cape Passaro===
===Battle of Cape Passaro===
{{main|Battle of Cape Passaro}}
{{main|Battle of Cape Passaro}}
[[Image:The Battle of Cape Passaro.jpg|thumb|The Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718]]
[[Image:The Battle of Cape Passaro.jpg|thumb|The Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718]]
On 10 August 1718 the British were off the [[Calabria]]n coast when they spotted two vessels, which they presumed to be Spanish scouts. Hoping they would lead to the main fleet, Byng ordered his ships to follow and indeed, located the enemy at around noon. On seeing the British, the Spanish fleet turned away. To prevent losing contact with the enemy during the night, Byng sent his four fastest ships on ahead. ''HMS Superb, [[HMS Kent (1679)|Kent]], [[HMS Grafton (1709)|Grafton]]'' and ''[[HMS Orford (1698)|Orford]]'' kept up with the Spanish fleet, who were rowing their heaviest ships in the light wind.<ref name =GazPas>{{Citation | title = Engagement off Cape Passaro | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5673| pages= 1–2| date = 30 August – 2 September 1718| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5673/pages/1}}</ref> When dawn broke the following morning, the Spanish discovered the proximity of the British and split their fleet; sending the smaller vessels, store ships, bomb ketches and fire ships towards the shore. In response, Byng sent eight ships in pursuit, including ''[[HMS Canterbury (1693)|HMS Canterbury]]'' and ''[[HMS Bonaventure (1650)|HMS Argyll]].'' Meanwhile ''Superb, Kent, Grafton'' and ''Orford'', were ordered to overtake the remaining, larger, Spanish ships which included ''Real San Felipe (St Philip the Royal)'' with Vice-Admiral Castagneta aboard.<ref name=GazPas/> At around 1300hrs, ''Superb'' engaged the enemy [[Flagship#Naval_use|flagship]] and two others, and a running battle ensued. After two hours ''Kent'' joined the fight and ''Superb'' was able to force the Spanish Admiral to [[Striking the colors|surrender]].<ref name=GazPas/><ref>{{cite web | year =2013| url =http://weaponsandwarfare.com/?p=1262#chitika_close_button | title =Battle of Cape Passaro 1718 | work= | date= | publisher = Weapons and Warfare| accessdate =9 August 2013 }}</ref> In total, 17 Spanish ships were either taken or destroyed by the British Fleet.<ref name=GazPas/>
On 10 August 1718 the British were off the [[Calabria]]n coast when they spotted two vessels, which they presumed to be Spanish scouts. Hoping they would lead to the main fleet, Byng ordered his ships to follow and indeed, located the enemy at around noon. On seeing the British, the Spanish fleet turned away. To prevent losing contact with the enemy during the night, Byng sent his four fastest ships on ahead. HMS ''Superb'', {{HMS|Kent|1679|2}}, {{HMS|Grafton|1709|2}} and {{HMS|Orford|1698|2}} kept up with the Spanish fleet, who were rowing their heaviest ships in the light wind.<ref name =GazPas>{{Citation | title = Engagement off Cape Passaro | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5673| pages= 1–2| date = 30 August – 2 September 1718| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5673/pages/1}}</ref> When dawn broke the following morning, the Spanish discovered the proximity of the British and split their fleet; sending the smaller vessels, store ships, bomb ketches and fire ships towards the shore. In response, Byng sent eight ships in pursuit, including {{HMS|Canterbury|1693|6}} and [[HMS Bonaventure (1650)|HMS ''Argyll'']]. Meanwhile ''Superb'', ''Kent'', ''Grafton'' and ''Orford'', were ordered to overtake the remaining, larger, Spanish ships which included ''Real San Felipe (St Philip the Royal)'' with Vice-Admiral Castagneta aboard.<ref name=GazPas/> At around 1300hrs, ''Superb'' engaged the enemy [[Flagship#Naval_use|flagship]] and two others, and a running battle ensued. After two hours ''Kent'' joined the fight and ''Superb'' was able to force the Spanish Admiral to [[Striking the colors|surrender]].<ref name=GazPas/><ref>{{cite web | year =2013| url =http://weaponsandwarfare.com/?p=1262#chitika_close_button | title =Battle of Cape Passaro 1718 | work= | date= | publisher = Weapons and Warfare| accessdate =9 August 2013 }}</ref> In total, 17 Spanish ships were either taken or destroyed by the British Fleet.<ref name=GazPas/>


===Later career===
===Later career===
On 3 April 1719, ''HMS Superb'' and ''[[HMS Ormonde (1711)|HMS Dragon]]'' (previously HMS Ormonde), then in [[Minorca]], were sent by Admiral Byng to join Captain Cavendish, who was charged with making peace with the Moors.<ref name =Gaz8>{{Citation | title = Port Mahon, March 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5734 | page = 1| date = 31 March–4 April 1719| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5734/pages/1}}</ref> While en route to rejoin Byng at Naples in August 1719 ''HMS Superb'' captured an 8 gun, Spanish privateer.<ref name =Gaz10>{{Citation | title = Naples, August 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5779 | page = 1| date = 5–8 September 1719| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5779/pages/1}}</ref>
On 3 April 1719, HMS ''Superb'' and [[HMS Ormonde (1711)|HMS ''Dragon'']] (previously HMS ''Ormonde''), then in [[Minorca]], were sent by Admiral Byng to join Captain Cavendish, who was charged with making peace with the Moors.<ref name =Gaz8>{{Citation | title = Port Mahon, March 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5734 | page = 1| date = 31 March–4 April 1719| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5734/pages/1}}</ref> While en route to rejoin Byng at Naples in August 1719 HMS ''Superb'' captured an 8 gun, Spanish privateer.<ref name =Gaz10>{{Citation | title = Naples, August 23 | journal = The London Gazette | issue = 5779 | page = 1| date = 5–8 September 1719| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/5779/pages/1}}</ref>


In April 1720, ''Superb'' was sent back to [[Woolwich Dockyard|Woolwich]] for substantial repairs and after served under Captain [[Arthur Field (Royal Navy officer|Arthur Field]] as a guard ship at [[Sheerness]] and [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]] respectively .<ref name=Win/> She was fitted out at [[Portsmouth]] before being sent to the [[West Indies]] in 1725, where she later joined Admiral [[Francis Hosier]]'s fleet and during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29)]], took part in the unsuccessful [[blockade of Porto Bello]]. ''Superb'' returned to home waters at the end of hostilities where she remained for the rest of her career.<ref name=Win/>
In April 1720, ''Superb'' was sent back to [[Woolwich Dockyard|Woolwich]] for substantial repairs and after served under Captain [[Arthur Field (Royal Navy officer|Arthur Field]] as a guard ship at [[Sheerness]] and [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]] respectively .<ref name=Win/> She was fitted out at [[Portsmouth]] before being sent to the [[West Indies]] in 1725, where she later joined Admiral [[Francis Hosier]]'s fleet and during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29)]], took part in the unsuccessful [[blockade of Porto Bello]]. ''Superb'' returned to home waters at the end of hostilities where she remained for the rest of her career.<ref name=Win/>


==Fate==
==Fate==
{{see also| HMS Superb (1736)}}
{{see also|HMS Superb (1736)}}
In 1732 HMS Superb was decommissioned, broken up and rebuilt as a larger but lower rated, 60 gun ship.<ref name=Bon/> This ship continued to serve in the Mediterranean for much of its career but also took part in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.
In 1732 HMS ''Superb'' was decommissioned, broken up and rebuilt as a larger but lower rated, 60 gun ship.<ref name=Bon/> This ship continued to serve in the Mediterranean for much of its career but also took part in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.


==Notes==
==Notes==
''Differences between dates quoted in text and the London Gazette are due to the adoption of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] in 1752.''
''Differences between dates quoted in text and the ''London Gazette'' are due to the adoption of the [[Gregorian calendar]] in 1752.''


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:04, 13 August 2013

History
Naval Ensign of the Kingdom of FranceFrance
NameLe Superbe
Launched12 December 1708
Captured29 July 1710 by the Royal Navy
History
Royal Navy Ensign (1707)Great Britain
NameHMS Superb
Commissioned23 September 1710
Decommissioned1732
Honours and
awards		Battle of Cape Passaro (1718)
FateBroken up
General characteristics
Class and type64-gun third-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen1,020 23⁄94 (bm)
Length143 ft 6 in (43.74 m)
Beam40 ft 2 in (12.24 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement365
Armament56/58/64 guns
ArmourNone

HMS Superb was a 64 gun, third-rate, British warship. Prior to her capture off Lizard Point by HMS Kent, she was a French fourth rate of 56 guns. Commissioned into the Royal Navy in September 1710, HMS Superb served throughout Queen Anne's War and the War of the Quadruple Alliance where she participated in the destruction of the Spanish fleet off Passaro in 1718. She was broken up in 1732.

Construction

Le Superbe was designed by Pierre Blaise Coulomb and constructed between August 1708 and March 1709 at L'Orient, a French naval base on the coast of Brittany in the north-west France. She was launched in December 1708 and measured 143 ft 6 in (43.74 m) along her gundeck, had a beam of 40 ft 2 in (12.24 m) and drew from 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m) at the bow, to 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) at the stern. With a depth in the hold of 15 ft 6.5 in (4.737 m), she had a capacity of 1,020 23⁄94 (bm).[1]

Career (Royal Navy)

On 29 July 1710 Le Superbe was captured off The Lizard by HMS Kent. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Superb on 23 September 1710 and sailed under Commander, later Captain, William Elford.[2] In 1711 she passed to Captain James Moneypenny and was ordered to the Mediterranean.[1] In September 1712, HMS Superb together with HMS Cornwall, ((HMS|Mary|1704|2}} and Lion, assisted Admiral Jennings with the landing of troops at Barcelona before being sent to Genoa with dispatches.[3] In May 1713 she sailed with HMS Ormonde from Sicily to Leghorn via Naples[4][5] before being ordered home later that year.[1]

On 24 September 1716, while anchored in The Downs off Deal, Superb was blown off station in a violent storm. She returned without serious damage however on 3 October.[6][7]

In 1717 HMS Superb was in the Baltic commanded by Captain George Sanders but by the middle of the following year she was back in the Mediterranean after a refit Chatham.[1] Under Captain Strensham Master, and attached to George Byng's fleet, Superb spent the next few months cruising and delivering dispatches before playing an active role in the Battle of Cape Passaro.

Battle of Cape Passaro

Main article: Battle of Cape Passaro
The Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718

On 10 August 1718 the British were off the Calabrian coast when they spotted two vessels, which they presumed to be Spanish scouts. Hoping they would lead to the main fleet, Byng ordered his ships to follow and indeed, located the enemy at around noon. On seeing the British, the Spanish fleet turned away. To prevent losing contact with the enemy during the night, Byng sent his four fastest ships on ahead. HMS Superb, Kent, Grafton and Orford kept up with the Spanish fleet, who were rowing their heaviest ships in the light wind.[8] When dawn broke the following morning, the Spanish discovered the proximity of the British and split their fleet; sending the smaller vessels, store ships, bomb ketches and fire ships towards the shore. In response, Byng sent eight ships in pursuit, including HMS Canterbury and HMS Argyll. Meanwhile Superb, Kent, Grafton and Orford, were ordered to overtake the remaining, larger, Spanish ships which included Real San Felipe (St Philip the Royal) with Vice-Admiral Castagneta aboard.[8] At around 1300hrs, Superb engaged the enemy flagship and two others, and a running battle ensued. After two hours Kent joined the fight and Superb was able to force the Spanish Admiral to surrender.[8][9] In total, 17 Spanish ships were either taken or destroyed by the British Fleet.[8]

Later career

On 3 April 1719, HMS Superb and HMS Dragon (previously HMS Ormonde), then in Minorca, were sent by Admiral Byng to join Captain Cavendish, who was charged with making peace with the Moors.[10] While en route to rejoin Byng at Naples in August 1719 HMS Superb captured an 8 gun, Spanish privateer.[11]

In April 1720, Superb was sent back to Woolwich for substantial repairs and after served under Captain Arthur Field as a guard ship at Sheerness and Chatham respectively .[1] She was fitted out at Portsmouth before being sent to the West Indies in 1725, where she later joined Admiral Francis Hosier's fleet and during the Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29), took part in the unsuccessful blockade of Porto Bello. Superb returned to home waters at the end of hostilities where she remained for the rest of her career.[1]

Fate

See also: HMS Superb (1736)

In 1732 HMS Superb was decommissioned, broken up and rebuilt as a larger but lower rated, 60 gun ship.[2] This ship continued to serve in the Mediterranean for much of its career but also took part in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.

Notes

Differences between dates quoted in text and the London Gazette are due to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1752.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Winfield, Rif (2009). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |titlelink1= (help)
  2. ^ a b Boniface, Patrick (2006). HMS Superb – The Life and Times of a Unique British Cruiser. Periscope Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 9781904381341. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |titlelink1= (help)
  3. ^ "Florence, September 6th", The London Gazette (5053): 1, 20–23 September 1712
  4. ^ "Venice, May 7th", The London Gazette (5120): 3, 12–16 May 1713
  5. ^ "Naples, May 10th", The London Gazette (5124): 4, 26–30 May 1713
  6. ^ "Deal, September 16th", The London Gazette (5469): 2, 22–25 September 1716
  7. ^ "Deal, September 23", The London Gazette (5471): 2, 15–18 September 1716
  8. ^ a b c d "Engagement off Cape Passaro", The London Gazette (5673): 1–2, 30 August – 2 September 1718
  9. ^ "Battle of Cape Passaro 1718". Weapons and Warfare. 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Port Mahon, March 23", The London Gazette (5734): 1, 31 March–4 April 1719 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Naples, August 23", The London Gazette (5779): 1, 5–8 September 1719
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