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{{Multiple issues|citationstyle=July 2008|cleanup=July 2008}}
{{Multiple issues|citationstyle=July 2008|cleanup=July 2008}}
⚫
The '''Barratt Impulsiveness Scale''' (BIS) is a widely used measure of [[impulsivity]]. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors ([[attention]], [[motor system|motor]], [[self-control]], [[cognitive complexity]], perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).
The '''Barratt Impulsiveness Scale''' (BIS) is one of the oldest and most widely used measures of [[impulsivity|impulsive]] [[personality trait]]s.


⚫
The BIS is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits. As of June 2008, [[Web of Knowledge]] (an academic [[citation index]]ing and search service) tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the [[United States]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Patton |last= JM |last2= Stanford |first2=MS|last3=Barratt|first3=ES |title= Factor Structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale |journal= Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=51 |pages=768–774|year=1995 |doi= 10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1}}</ref> the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Rapson |last= Gomez |first2= Andrew |last2=Cooper|first3= Andre|last3= Gomez |title= Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck’s, Gray’s and Newman’s theories|journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=29 |pages=351–365|year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00198-1}}</ref> [[Belgium]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= G |last= Dom |first2= Wouter |last2=Hulstijn|first3=B|last3=Sabbe |title= Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics |journal= Addictive behaviors |volume=31 |pages=298–308|year=2006 |doi=10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.009}}</ref> [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Silvia Saboia |last= Martins |first2= Hermano |last2=Tavares|first3=Daniela Sabbatini |last3=da Silva Lobo|first4=Ana Maria|last4=Galetti|first5=Valentim |last5=Gentil |title= Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors|journal= Addictive behaviors |volume=29 |pages=1231–1235|year=2004 |doi=10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.023}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Howard |last= Steiger |first= Naomi|last= Koerner|first2=Marla J.|last2=Engelberg|first3=Mimi|last3=Israël | first4=N | last4=Ng Ying Kin | first5=Simon N. | last5=Young |title= Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa |journal= Psychiatry research |volume=103 |pages=15–26|year=2001 | doi=10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00264-5}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= S |last= Yao |coauthors= Yang, H; Zhu, X; Auerbach, RP; Abela, JR; Pulleyblank, RW; Tong, X |title= An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents |journal= Perceptual and Motor Skills |volume=104 |pages=1169–1182|year=2007 |url =http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.104.4.1169-1182}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Marika |last= Paaver |first2= Niklas | last2=Nordquist | first3=Jüri | last3=Parik | first4=Maarike | last4=Harro | first5=Lars | last5=Oreland | first6=Jaanus | last6=Harro |title= Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing |journal= Psychopharmacology |volume=194 |pages=545–554|year=2007 |doi=10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lejoyeux |first=M |coauthors=Feuché, N; Loi, S; Solomon, J; Adè, J|year=1998)|title=Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation saking and not to impulsivity|journal=Psychiatry Research|volume=81|pages=49–155|issue=2|pmid=9858032}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Maaike |last= Cima |first2= Harald | last2=Merckelbach |first3 =Sabine|last3=Hollnack|first4=Erhard |last4=Knauer |title= Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=35|pages=373–380|year=2003 |doi=10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00199-X}}</ref> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=Orestis |last= Giotakos |first2= Manolis|last2= Markianos|first3= Nikos|last3=Vaidakis|first4= George N.|last4= Christodoulou |title= Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists |journal= Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy |volume=29|pages=215–225|year=2003 |url =http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00926230390155113#.UiisQD_s5mg}}</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= J |last= Glicksohn |coauthors= Rotem Leshem, Rotem Aharoni |title= Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=40|pages=261-271|date=2006 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886905002539}}</ref> [[Italy]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Andrea |last= Fossati |coauthors =Antonella Di Ceglie, Elena Acquarini, Ernest S. Barratt |title= Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) in nonclinical subjects |journal= Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=57|pages=815-828|date=2001 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.1051/abstract}}</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Toshiyuki |last= Someya |coauthors = Sakado, Tetsuya Seki, Maki Kojima, Chris Reist, Siu Wa Tang, Saburo Takahashi|title= The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS‐11): Its reliability and validity |journal= Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |volume=55|pages=111-114|date=2001 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00796.x/full}}</ref> [[Korea]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Sung-kwon |last= Hong |coauthors = Hochan Jang |title= Segmentation of early casino markets: an exploratory study |journal= Tourism Management |volume=25|pages=801-805|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517703001821}}</ref> [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Marrie HJ |last= Bekker |coauthors = Carola van de Meerendonk, Jessica Mollerus |title= Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self‐perceived emotional eating. |journal= International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=36|pages=461-469|date=2004 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.20041/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false}}</ref> [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= John |last= Cairns |coauthors = Marjon van der Pol |title= Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments.|journal= Social science & medicine |volume=58|pages=2211-2218|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953603004453}}</ref> [[Spain]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Enrique |last= Baca-Garcia |coauthors = Concepción Vaquero, Carmen Diaz-Sastre, Eloy Garcı́a-Resa, Jeronimo Saiz-Ruiz, José Fernández-Piqueras, Jose De Leon |title= Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers |journal= Psychiatry research |volume=126|pages=99-106|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178104000423}}</ref> [[Switzerland]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Joël |last= Billieux |coauthors = Lucien Rochat, Marie My Lien Rebetez, Martial Van der Linden |title= Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?|journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=44|pages=1432-1442|date=2008 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886907004539}}</ref>[[Taiwan]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Li |last= Ray |coauthors = Chiang-shan, Sue-Huei Chen, Wei-hao Lin, Yong-Yi Yang |title= Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity |journal= Journal of psychiatric research |volume=39|pages=197-205|date=2005 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395604000809}}</ref> [[Turkey]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Hueseyin |last= Güleç |coauthors = Lut Tamam, Medine Yazici Güleç, Musa Turhan, G. Karakuş, Meliha Zengin, Matthew S. Stanford |title= Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11.|journal= Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni |volume=18|pages=251-258|date=2008 |url =http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=3014}}</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal |first= Anthony J |last= Cleare |coauthors = Alyson J. Bond |title= Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression.|journal= Psychopharmacology |volume=148|pages=344-349|date=2000 |url =http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002130050061#page-1}}</ref>
⚫
The BIS-11 includes 30 items which may be scored to yield six first-order ([[attention]], [[motor system|motor]], [[self-control]], [[cognitive complexity]], perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).

⚫
The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits. As of June 2008, ISI Web of Knowledge<ref>[http://www.isiknowledge.com Web of Knowledge]</ref> tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the [[United States]] of America,<ref>{{cite journal |first= Patton |last= JM |coauthors= Stanford MS, and Barratt ES |title= Factor Structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale |journal= Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=51 |pages=768-774|date=1995 |url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4679%28199511%2951:6%3C768::AID-JCLP2270510607%3E3.0.CO;2-1/abstract;jsessionid=69BE37E730EC7ECC04C8ECCF727A7427.d02t01?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false}}</ref> the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including citations from [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Rapson |last= Gomez |coauthors= Andrew Cooper, Andre Gomez |title= Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck’s, Gray’s and Newman’s theories. |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=29 |pages=351-365|date=2000 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886999001981}}</ref> [[Belgium]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= G |last= Dom |coauthors= Wouter Hulstijn, B. G. C. C. Sabbe |title= Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics |journal= Addictive behaviors |volume=31 |pages=298-308|date=2006 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460305001024}}</ref> [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Silvia Saboia |last= Martins |coauthors= Hermano Tavares, Daniela Sabbatini da Silva Lobo, Ana Maria Galetti, Valentim Gentil |title= Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors.|journal= Addictive behaviors |volume=29 |pages=1231-1235|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460304001054}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Howard |last= Steiger |coauthors= Naomi Koerner, Marla J. Engelberg, Mimi Israël, N. M. K. Ng Ying Kin, Simon N. Young |title= Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa |journal= Psychiatry research |volume=103 |pages=15-26|date=2001 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178101002645}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= S |last= Yao |coauthors= Yang H, Zhu X, Auerbach RP, Abela JR, Pulleyblank RW, Tong X |title= An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents |journal= Perceptual and Motor Skills |volume=104 |pages=1169-1182|date=2007 |url =http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.104.4.1169-1182}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Marika |last= Paaver |coauthors= Niklas Nordquist, Jüri Parik, Maarike Harro, Lars Oreland, Jaanus Harro |title= Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing |journal= Psychopharmacology |volume=194 |pages=545-554|date=2007 |url =http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z#page-1}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>Lejoyeux M, Feuché N, Loi S, Solomon J, Adè J (1998). Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation saking and not to impulsivity. Psychiatry Research, 81, 149-155.</ref> [[Germany]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Maaike |last= Cima |coauthors= Harald Merckelbach, Sabine Hollnack, Erhard Knauer |title= Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=35|pages=373-380|date=2003 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019188690200199X}}</ref> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=Orestis |last= Giotakos |coauthors= Manolis Markianos, Nikos Vaidakis, George N. Christodoulou |title= Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists |journal= Journal of Sex &Marital Therapy |volume=29|pages=215-225|date=2003 |url =http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00926230390155113#.UiisQD_s5mg}}</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= J |last= Glicksohn |coauthors= Rotem Leshem, Rotem Aharoni |title= Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=40|pages=261-271|date=2006 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886905002539}}</ref> [[Italy]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Andrea |last= Fossati |coauthors =Antonella Di Ceglie, Elena Acquarini, Ernest S. Barratt |title= Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) in nonclinical subjects |journal= Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=57|pages=815-828|date=2001 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.1051/abstract}}</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Toshiyuki |last= Someya |coauthors = Sakado, Tetsuya Seki, Maki Kojima, Chris Reist, Siu Wa Tang, Saburo Takahashi|title= The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS‐11): Its reliability and validity |journal= Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |volume=55|pages=111-114|date=2001 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00796.x/full}}</ref> [[Korea]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Sung-kwon |last= Hong |coauthors = Hochan Jang |title= Segmentation of early casino markets: an exploratory study |journal= Tourism Management |volume=25|pages=801-805|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517703001821}}</ref> [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Marrie HJ |last= Bekker |coauthors = Carola van de Meerendonk, Jessica Mollerus |title= Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self‐perceived emotional eating. |journal= International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=36|pages=461-469|date=2004 |url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.20041/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false}}</ref> [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= John |last= Cairns |coauthors = Marjon van der Pol |title= Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments.|journal= Social science & medicine |volume=58|pages=2211-2218|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953603004453}}</ref> [[Spain]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Enrique |last= Baca-Garcia |coauthors = Concepción Vaquero, Carmen Diaz-Sastre, Eloy Garcı́a-Resa, Jeronimo Saiz-Ruiz, José Fernández-Piqueras, Jose De Leon |title= Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers |journal= Psychiatry research |volume=126|pages=99-106|date=2004 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178104000423}}</ref> [[Switzerland]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Joël |last= Billieux |coauthors = Lucien Rochat, Marie My Lien Rebetez, Martial Van der Linden |title= Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?|journal= Personality and Individual Differences |volume=44|pages=1432-1442|date=2008 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886907004539}}</ref>[[Taiwan]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Li |last= Ray |coauthors = Chiang-shan, Sue-Huei Chen, Wei-hao Lin, Yong-Yi Yang |title= Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity |journal= Journal of psychiatric research |volume=39|pages=197-205|date=2005 |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395604000809}}</ref> [[Turkey]],<ref>{{cite journal |first= Hueseyin |last= Güleç |coauthors = Lut Tamam, Medine Yazici Güleç, Musa Turhan, G. Karakuş, Meliha Zengin, Matthew S. Stanford |title= Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11.|journal= Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni |volume=18|pages=251-258|date=2008 |url =http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=3014}}</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal |first= Anthony J |last= Cleare |coauthors = Alyson J. Bond |title= Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression.|journal= Psychopharmacology |volume=148|pages=344-349|date=2000 |url =http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002130050061#page-1}}</ref>


The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959. The second version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.
The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959. The second version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.
Line 49: Line 47:
| 6, 24, 26
| 6, 24, 26
|}
|}
Items are scored 1, 2, 3, or 4 and summed within factor

* Indicates reversed items, which are scored 4, 3, 2, 1


==Validity==
==Validity==
Patton et al. (1995) report internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, [[substance abuse|substance-abuse]] patients, general [[psychiatry|psychiatric]] patients, and [[prison]] inmates.
Patton et al. (1995) report internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, [[substance abuse|substance-abuse]] patients, general psychiatric patients, and prison inmates.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:28, 11 September 2013

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a widely used measure of impulsivity. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors (attention, motor, self-control, cognitive complexity, perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).

The BIS is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits. As of June 2008, Web of Knowledge (an academic citation indexing and search service) tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the United States,[1] the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including Australia,[2] Belgium,[3] Brazil,[4] Canada,[5] China,[6] Estonia,[7] France,[8] Germany,[9] Greece,[10] Israel,[11] Italy,[12] Japan,[13] Korea,[14] Netherlands,[15] Scotland,[16] Spain,[17] Switzerland,[18]Taiwan,[19] Turkey,[20] and the United Kingdom.[21]

The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959. The second version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.

Scoring

The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire, that is scored to yield a total score, three second-order factors, and six first-order factors. The questions are published in the 1995 references article. The following is a list of the items contributing to each factor score.

Second-order Factors Item Content
Attentional: 6, 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 24, 26, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30*
Nonplanning: 1*, 7*, 8*, 10*, 12*, 13*, 14, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
First-order Factors Item Content
Attention: 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 17, 19, 22, 25
Self-Control: 1*, 7*, 8*, 12*, 13*, 14
Cognitive Complexity: 10*, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
Perseverance: 16, 21, 23, 30*
Cognitive Instability: 6, 24, 26

Validity

Patton et al. (1995) report internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, substance-abuse patients, general psychiatric patients, and prison inmates.

References

  1. ^ JM, Patton; Stanford, MS; Barratt, ES (1995). "Factor Structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51: 768–774. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1.
  2. ^ Gomez, Rapson; Cooper, Andrew; Gomez, Andre (2000). "Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories". Personality and Individual Differences. 29: 351–365. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00198-1.
  3. ^ Dom, G; Hulstijn, Wouter; Sabbe, B (2006). "Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics". Addictive behaviors. 31: 298–308. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.009.
  4. ^ Martins, Silvia Saboia; Tavares, Hermano; da Silva Lobo, Daniela Sabbatini; Galetti, Ana Maria; Gentil, Valentim (2004). "Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors". Addictive behaviors. 29: 1231–1235. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.023.
  5. ^ Koerner, Naomi; Engelberg, Marla J.; Israël, Mimi; Ng Ying Kin, N; Young, Simon N. (2001). "Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa". Psychiatry research. 103: 15–26. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00264-5.
  6. ^ Yao, S (2007). "An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 104: 1169–1182. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Paaver, Marika; Nordquist, Niklas; Parik, Jüri; Harro, Maarike; Oreland, Lars; Harro, Jaanus (2007). "Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing". Psychopharmacology. 194: 545–554. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z.
  8. ^ Lejoyeux, M (1998)). "Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation saking and not to impulsivity". Psychiatry Research. 81 (2): 49–155. PMID 9858032. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Cima, Maaike; Merckelbach, Harald; Hollnack, Sabine; Knauer, Erhard (2003). "Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia". Personality and Individual Differences. 35: 373–380. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00199-X.
  10. ^ Giotakos, Orestis; Markianos, Manolis; Vaidakis, Nikos; Christodoulou, George N. (2003). "Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 29: 215–225.
  11. ^ Glicksohn, J (2006). "Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish". Personality and Individual Differences. 40: 261–271. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Fossati, Andrea (2001). "Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) in nonclinical subjects". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57: 815–828. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Someya, Toshiyuki (2001). "The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS‐11): Its reliability and validity". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 55: 111–114. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Hong, Sung-kwon (2004). "Segmentation of early casino markets: an exploratory study". Tourism Management. 25: 801–805. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Bekker, Marrie HJ (2004). "Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self‐perceived emotional eating". International Journal of Eating Disorders. 36: 461–469. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Cairns, John (2004). "Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments". Social science & medicine. 58: 2211–2218. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Baca-Garcia, Enrique (2004). "Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers". Psychiatry research. 126: 99–106. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Billieux, Joël (2008). "Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?". Personality and Individual Differences. 44: 1432–1442. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Ray, Li (2005). "Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity". Journal of psychiatric research. 39: 197–205. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Güleç, Hueseyin (2008). "Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11". Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 18: 251–258. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Cleare, Anthony J (2000). "Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression". Psychopharmacology. 148: 344–349. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

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