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'''Jules Yusuf Jammal''' ({{lang-ar|جول يوسف جمال}}) is said to have been a [[Syria]]n military officer, born April 1, 1932, who killed himself in a [[suicide attack]] on October 29, 1956 during the [[Suez Crisis]], in [[Egypt]].
'''Jules Yusuf Jammal''' ({{lang-ar|جول يوسف جمال}}) is said to have been a [[Syria]]n military officer, born April 1, 1932, died in the war against Egypt on October 29, 1956 during the [[Suez Crisis]], in [[Egypt]]<ref>http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/4553?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84</ref>.


According to a narrative prevailing in the [[Arab world]], Jammal rammed his boat into a French warship, thereby sinking the ship. This story is given credence in some sources. However, as related in the 1967 book ''Six days in June: Israel's fight for survival''<ref name="Donovan">{{cite book|author=Robert J. Donovan|title=Six days in June: Israel's Fight for Survival|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TiBCAAAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=New American Library|page=36|oclc=1053422|location=New York}}</ref> by Washington correspondent and historian [[Robert J. Donovan]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Robert J. Donovan, 90, the Author of 'PT-109'|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/10/us/robert-j-donovan-90-the-author-of-pt-109.html|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Anthony|last=Ramirez|date=August 10, 2003}}</ref> the tale is false but gained traction in the Arab world after being aired on [[Radio Cairo]]. It is cited as an example of the "potency of [the station] to propagate myths [as being] beyond dispute."<ref name="Donovan" />
According to a narrative prevailing in the [[Arab world]], Jammal rammed his boat into a French warship, thereby sinking the ship. This story is given credence in some sources. However, as related in the 1967 book ''Six days in June: Israel's fight for survival''<ref name="Donovan">{{cite book|author=Robert J. Donovan|title=Six days in June: Israel's Fight for Survival|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TiBCAAAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=New American Library|page=36|oclc=1053422|location=New York}}</ref> by Washington correspondent and historian [[Robert J. Donovan]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Robert J. Donovan, 90, the Author of 'PT-109'|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/10/us/robert-j-donovan-90-the-author-of-pt-109.html|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Anthony|last=Ramirez|date=August 10, 2003}}</ref> the tale is false but gained traction in the Arab world after being aired on [[Radio Cairo]]. It is cited as an example of the "potency of [the station] to propagate myths [as being] beyond dispute."<ref name="Donovan" />


==Narrative==
==Narrative==
According to sources from Arab countries, Jammal's biography and actions are the following: He was born in al-Mishtaya ({{lang-ar|المشتاية}}), which is located between the cities of [[Homs]] and [[Latakia]],<ref>[http://www.almishtaya.com/magazine/ موقع المشتاية الرسمي - المجلة<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> into an [[Arab Christian|Arab]] [[Orthodox Christian]] family. He later joined the [[Syrian Navy]] as an officer. During the 1956 [[Suez Crisis]], he is said to have volunteered in the name of [[Arab nationalism]] to launch a suicide bomb attack against the tripartite invasion by [[Israel]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and France into Egypt's [[Sinai Peninsula]] in order to capture the [[Suez Canal]]. Jammal [[Suicide attack|activated a suicide bomb]] when he rammed his boat into a French ship, destroying it and dying in the process.<ref name=syrianhistory />
According to sources from Arab countries, Jammal's biography and actions are the following: He was born in Lattakia into an [[Arab Christian|Arab]] [[Orthodox Christian]] family. He later joined the [[Syrian Navy]] as an officer. During the 1956 [[Suez Crisis]], he is said to have volunteered in the name of [[Arab nationalism]] to participate in war defending Egypt against the tripartite invasion by [[Israel]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and France into Egypt's [[Sinai Peninsula]] in order to capture the [[Suez Canal]]. it is said that he was assigned to one of a set of three motor torpedo boats commissioned to intercept French warships in the waters of Lake Brolos north of the Delta, it is also said that his group managed to deliver a devastating injury to the French Joan of Arc, but the enemy aircraft was able to flood the three boats, and killed most of the sailors and one of them was the first Lieutenant Jules Jammal on the fourth of November in 1965.<ref>http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/1021?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84</ref>



It is not clear which actual ship he is supposed to have sunk. One source calls the ship at issue the "[[Ocean liner|liner]] ''Jean D’Arc''"<ref name=syrianhistory>[http://www.syrianhistory.com/view-photo/1021 Jules Jammal (1932 1956), the famous officer in the Syrian Navy who fought in the Suez Canal war of 1956: Syrian History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.syrianhistory.com/People/key/Jules+Jammal Jules Jammal: Syrian History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and another the "French warship, ''Jeanne D’Arc''".<ref>[http://www.mideastviews.com/articleview.php?art=208 Mideastviews.com - Middle East analysis by Sami Moubayed - Reflections on May 6<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> There was a [[French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (1930)|French cruiser ''Jeanne d'Arc'']] in service at that time, but it was decommissioned in 1964 rather than sunk. Some sources name the [[French battleship Jean Bart (1940)|battleship ''Jean Bart'']],<ref>{{cite book|url=http://archive.org/stream/changingpatterns010404mbp/changingpatterns010404mbp_djvu.txt|title=The Changing Patterns of the Middle East |author=Pierre Rondout|date=1961|publisher=Praeger|page=161|edition=Revised}}, which refers to the ''Jean Bart'' as a "cruiser"</ref> which did see action in the Suez Canal, but that vessel was also not sunk; it was decommissioned in 1961.
some in the arab world believe that Jules Jammal sunk the ship Jan of Arc. One source calls the ship at issue the "[[Ocean liner|liner]] ''Jean D’Arc''"<ref name=syrianhistory>[http://www.syrianhistory.com/view-photo/1021 Jules Jammal (1932 1956), the famous officer in the Syrian Navy who fought in the Suez Canal war of 1956: Syrian History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.syrianhistory.com/People/key/Jules+Jammal Jules Jammal: Syrian History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and another the "French warship, ''Jeanne D’Arc''".<ref>[http://www.mideastviews.com/articleview.php?art=208 Mideastviews.com - Middle East analysis by Sami Moubayed - Reflections on May 6<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> There was a [[French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (1930)|French cruiser ''Jeanne d'Arc'']] in service at that time, but it was decommissioned in 1964 rather than sunk. Some sources name the [[French battleship Jean Bart (1940)|battleship ''Jean Bart'']],<ref>{{cite book|url=http://archive.org/stream/changingpatterns010404mbp/changingpatterns010404mbp_djvu.txt|title=The Changing Patterns of the Middle East |author=Pierre Rondout|date=1961|publisher=Praeger|page=161|edition=Revised}}, which refers to the ''Jean Bart'' as a "cruiser"</ref> which did see action in the Suez Canal, but that vessel was also not sunk; it was decommissioned in 1961.


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Considered a hero in both Syria and Egypt, he was decorated [[post-mortem]] by the two countries. He received the highest military medal by the Syrian government after his death. Egyptian President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] gave him the Egyptian military star. He also received the high honors by the Patriarch of the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch]] and the medal of St Peter and St Paul from the same church.{{cn|date=March 2012}}
Considered a hero in both Syria and Egypt, he was decorated [[post-mortem]] by the two countries. He received the highest military medal by the Syrian government after his death. Egyptian President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] gave him the Egyptian military star. He also received the high honors by the Patriarch of the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch]] and the medal of St Peter and St Paul from the same church.{{cn|date=March 2012}}


There are a number of streets named after him, including two in Syria (in Damascus and in Latakia), two in Egypt (one in the Muhandseen area of Giza, Cairo and another in Alexandria) and one in the Palestinian Authority region (Ramallah). Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] received his secondary education at the Jules Jammal High School in Latakia.{{cn|date=March 2012}}
There are a number of streets named after him, including two in Syria (in Damascus and in Latakia)<ref>جول جمّال, Damascus, Damascus Governorate, Syria</ref>, two in Egypt (one in the Muhandseen area of Giza, Cairo and another in Alexandria) and one in the Palestinian Authority region (Ramallah). Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] received his secondary education at the Jules Jammal High School in Latakia.{{cn|date=March 2012}}<ref>http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/1230?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84</ref>


A 1960 film called ''The Giants of the Sea'' (in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: عمالقة البحر pronnounced "Amaliqat el Bahr") was released, directed by Al Sayyed Badir and starring [[Ahmed Mazhar]], Abdel Monhem Ibrahim and [[Nadia Lutfi]]. The role of Jules Jammal was played by his brother Adel Jammal.{{cn|date=March 2012}}
A 1960 film called ''The Giants of the Sea'' (in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: عمالقة البحر pronnounced "Amaliqat el Bahr") was released, directed by Al Sayyed Badir and starring [[Ahmed Mazhar]], Abdel Monhem Ibrahim and [[Nadia Lutfi]]. The role of Jules Jammal was played by his brother Adel Jammal.{{cn|date=March 2012}}<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6KOrhxg1z0</ref>


The Arab film director Gassan Abdullah announced plans to make a film about Jammal in 2008, since he was regarded as a hero for many in Syria and Egypt for his Arab nationalism.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/weekend-review/articles/rising-above-odds-to-resurrect-leaders-1.40430 gulfnews : Rising above odds to resurrect leaders<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The Arab film director Gassan Abdullah announced plans to make a film about Jammal in 2008, since he was regarded as a hero for many in Syria and Egypt for his Arab nationalism.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/weekend-review/articles/rising-above-odds-to-resurrect-leaders-1.40430 gulfnews : Rising above odds to resurrect leaders<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


A school in [[Latakia]], Syria is named after Jammal.<ref>[http://books.google.fr/books?ei=TgOVTvjICsnr0gGnja3LBw&ct=result&id=3RQFAQAAIAAJ&dq=AHMED+FAWAZ+La+rencontre+entre+le+Pr%C3%A9sident+et+son+second+remonte+%C3%A0+la+fin+des+ann%C3%A9es+quarante%2C+sur+les+bancs+du+lyc%C3%A9e+Jules+Jammal%2C+dans+la+ville+c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re+de+Lattaqui%C3%A9.+Tous+deux+%C3%A9taient+membres+du+parti+Baas.+Cette+rencontre+n%27%C3%A9tait&q=Jules+Jammal AHMED FAWAZ La rencontre entre le Président et son second remonte à la fin des années quarante, sur les bancs du lycée Jules Jammal, dans la ville côtière de Lattaquié. Tous deux étaient membres du parti Baas. Cette rencontre n'était], Le Nouvel Afrique Asie, page 23.</ref> as well as a military school in Syria{{cn|date=June 2012}}.
A school in [[Latakia]], Syria is named after Jammal.<ref>[http://books.google.fr/books?ei=TgOVTvjICsnr0gGnja3LBw&ct=result&id=3RQFAQAAIAAJ&dq=AHMED+FAWAZ+La+rencontre+entre+le+Pr%C3%A9sident+et+son+second+remonte+%C3%A0+la+fin+des+ann%C3%A9es+quarante%2C+sur+les+bancs+du+lyc%C3%A9e+Jules+Jammal%2C+dans+la+ville+c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re+de+Lattaqui%C3%A9.+Tous+deux+%C3%A9taient+membres+du+parti+Baas.+Cette+rencontre+n%27%C3%A9tait&q=Jules+Jammal AHMED FAWAZ La rencontre entre le Président et son second remonte à la fin des années quarante, sur les bancs du lycée Jules Jammal, dans la ville côtière de Lattaquié. Tous deux étaient membres du parti Baas. Cette rencontre n'était], Le Nouvel Afrique Asie, page 23.</ref> as well as a military school in Syria{{cn|date=June 2012}}.

The [[Grand Mufti]] of Syria, [[Ahmad Bader Hassoun]], mentioned Jammal in a speech aimed at Western countries, warning that Syrians and [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] would engage in suicide bomb attacks against [[Europe]] and the [[United States]] if they bombed Syria during the [[2011 Syrian uprising]]. He cited Jammal as an example of a non-[[Muslim]] Syrian who carried out a suicide bomb martyrdom attack on the west, and warned that non-Muslims would assist Syria in those attacks.<ref>[http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/5711.htm Mufti of Syria Ahmad Badr Al-Din Hassoun Threatens to Activate Suicide Bombers in Europe and the U.S<!-- Bot generated title -->], memri.org.</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:27, 17 December 2013

Jules Yusuf Jammal
جول يوسف جمال
Personal details
Born(1932-04-29)29 April 1932
al-Mishtaya, Syria
Died29 October 1956(1956-10-29) (aged 24)
Port Said, Egypt
Military service
Allegiance Syria
 Egypt
Branch/serviceSyrian Navy
Egyptian Navy
RankFirst lieutenant

Jules Yusuf Jammal (Arabic: جول يوسف جمال) is said to have been a Syrian military officer, born April 1, 1932, died in the war against Egypt on October 29, 1956 during the Suez Crisis, in Egypt[1].

According to a narrative prevailing in the Arab world, Jammal rammed his boat into a French warship, thereby sinking the ship. This story is given credence in some sources. However, as related in the 1967 book Six days in June: Israel's fight for survival[2] by Washington correspondent and historian Robert J. Donovan,[3] the tale is false but gained traction in the Arab world after being aired on Radio Cairo. It is cited as an example of the "potency of [the station] to propagate myths [as being] beyond dispute."[2]

Narrative

According to sources from Arab countries, Jammal's biography and actions are the following: He was born in Lattakia into an Arab Orthodox Christian family. He later joined the Syrian Navy as an officer. During the 1956 Suez Crisis, he is said to have volunteered in the name of Arab nationalism to participate in war defending Egypt against the tripartite invasion by Israel, Britain, and France into Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in order to capture the Suez Canal. it is said that he was assigned to one of a set of three motor torpedo boats commissioned to intercept French warships in the waters of Lake Brolos north of the Delta, it is also said that his group managed to deliver a devastating injury to the French Joan of Arc, but the enemy aircraft was able to flood the three boats, and killed most of the sailors and one of them was the first Lieutenant Jules Jammal on the fourth of November in 1965.[4]


some in the arab world believe that Jules Jammal sunk the ship Jan of Arc. One source calls the ship at issue the "liner Jean D’Arc"[5][6] and another the "French warship, Jeanne D’Arc".[7] There was a French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc in service at that time, but it was decommissioned in 1964 rather than sunk. Some sources name the battleship Jean Bart,[8] which did see action in the Suez Canal, but that vessel was also not sunk; it was decommissioned in 1961.

Legacy

Considered a hero in both Syria and Egypt, he was decorated post-mortem by the two countries. He received the highest military medal by the Syrian government after his death. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser gave him the Egyptian military star. He also received the high honors by the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and the medal of St Peter and St Paul from the same church.[citation needed]

There are a number of streets named after him, including two in Syria (in Damascus and in Latakia)[9], two in Egypt (one in the Muhandseen area of Giza, Cairo and another in Alexandria) and one in the Palestinian Authority region (Ramallah). Syrian President Hafez al-Assad received his secondary education at the Jules Jammal High School in Latakia.[citation needed][10]

A 1960 film called The Giants of the Sea (in Arabic: عمالقة البحر pronnounced "Amaliqat el Bahr") was released, directed by Al Sayyed Badir and starring Ahmed Mazhar, Abdel Monhem Ibrahim and Nadia Lutfi. The role of Jules Jammal was played by his brother Adel Jammal.[citation needed][11]

The Arab film director Gassan Abdullah announced plans to make a film about Jammal in 2008, since he was regarded as a hero for many in Syria and Egypt for his Arab nationalism.[12]

A school in Latakia, Syria is named after Jammal.[13] as well as a military school in Syria[citation needed].

References

  1. ^ http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/4553?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84
  2. ^ a b Robert J. Donovan (1967). Six days in June: Israel's Fight for Survival. New York: New American Library. p. 36. OCLC 1053422.
  3. ^ Ramirez, Anthony (August 10, 2003). "Obituary: Robert J. Donovan, 90, the Author of 'PT-109'". The New York Times.
  4. ^ http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/1021?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84
  5. ^ Jules Jammal (1932 1956), the famous officer in the Syrian Navy who fought in the Suez Canal war of 1956: Syrian History
  6. ^ Jules Jammal: Syrian History
  7. ^ Mideastviews.com - Middle East analysis by Sami Moubayed - Reflections on May 6
  8. ^ Pierre Rondout (1961). The Changing Patterns of the Middle East (Revised ed.). Praeger. p. 161., which refers to the Jean Bart as a "cruiser"
  9. ^ جول جمّال, Damascus, Damascus Governorate, Syria
  10. ^ http://www.syrianhistory.com/ar/photos/1230?search=%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84
  11. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6KOrhxg1z0
  12. ^ gulfnews : Rising above odds to resurrect leaders
  13. ^ AHMED FAWAZ La rencontre entre le Président et son second remonte à la fin des années quarante, sur les bancs du lycée Jules Jammal, dans la ville côtière de Lattaquié. Tous deux étaient membres du parti Baas. Cette rencontre n'était, Le Nouvel Afrique Asie, page 23.

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