Boltigen: Difference between revisions

Boltigen
Boltigen
Municipality
	Boltigen village
	Coat of arms
	Location of Boltigen
Country	Switzerland
Canton	Bern
District	Obersimmental-Saanen
Government
• Mayor	Gemeindepräsident; Klaus Meinen-Roschi; (as of 2008)
Area
• Total	77.0 km2 (29.7 sq mi)
Elevation	814 m (2,671 ft)
Population (31 December 2018)
• Total	1,262
• Density	16/km2 (42/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)	3766
SFOS number	0791
ISO 3166 code	CH-BE
Surrounded by	Diemtigen, Jaun (FR), Oberwil im Simmental, Plaffeien (FR), Saanen, Zweisimmen
Website	www.boltigen.ch ; SFSO statistics

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Boltigen is a municipality in the Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Boltigen is a mixed community, with traits both of a burgese community and a village community. Beside it, there is also a reformed evangelical Church community. The history of the community goes back to 1386 and the so-called Freiheitsbrief von 1386.

The community president is Hermann Maurer, since 1 January 2005.

History

Boltigen is first mentioned in 1276.^[3]

The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is the mesolithic shelter in the Ranggiloch cave. A few Bronze Age artifacts have also been found. During the Middle Ages there were forts or castles at Simmenegg, Eichstalden and Laubegg though all three have fallen into ruin. The many of the villages and Bäuerten were founded in the Early Middle Ages and grew slowly over the following centuries. The villages and farm lands came under Bernese control partly in 1386 and completely in 1391. When Bern acquired the lands, Adlemsried, Boltigen, Eschi, Schwarzenmatt and Weissenbach were all listed as villages. Until the 15th century, Pfaffenried village (now part of Oberwil im Simmental) was part of Boltigen. In 1502 Littisbach and Unterbächen were transferred from Zweisimmen to the municipality.^[3]

The local church of St. Mauritius was first mentioned in 1228. In 1528, Bern accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation, however the Bernese Oberland resisted the new faith and the church at Boltigen was part of the resistance. When Bern forced the Oberland to accept the Reformation, Boltigen also converted. The church was destroyed in a fire in 1840 and rebuilt shortly thereafter.^[3]

Traditionally, the villagers imported grain from Bern and raised cattle on the valley floor and in seasonal alpine herding camps. Beginning in the 18th century, they began breeding and milking Simmental cattle, which became major exports from the municipality. During the 18th and 19th century coal mines at Walopalp provided another source of income. There was also some trade over the Jaun Pass. The construction of the the Simmental road in 1815-28 and the Jaun Pass road in 1872-75 expanded trade in the village and allowed it to grow. The construction of the Erlenbach-Zweisimmen railway in 1902 made it easier to reach villages and allowed them to grow further. Unlike some communities in the Oberland, tourism never developed into a major industry. In 1990 about one-third of the jobs in the services sector, while 44% of the jobs are in agriculture.^[3]

Geography

Boltigen has an area of 77.07 km² (29.76 sq mi).^[4] As of 2012, a total of 40.82 km² (15.76 sq mi) or 53.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27.22 km² (10.51 sq mi) or 35.3% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 1.85 km² (0.71 sq mi) or 2.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.42 km² (0.16 sq mi) or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and 6.65 km² (2.57 sq mi) or 8.6% is unproductive land.^[5]

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%. A total of 29.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 12.6% is pasturage and 40.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 5.8% is unproductive vegetation and 2.8% is too rocky for vegetation.^[5]

Boltigen lies in the Bernese Oberland in Obersimmental beneath Zweisimmen. The Jaunpass lies in the community's area. The neighboring communities to the North are, clockwise, Oberwil im Simmental, Diemtigen, Zweisimmen, Saanen, Jaun and Plaffeien.

The municipality includes the cooperative farms (Bäuerten) of Boltigen, Adlemsried, Eschi, Oberbäuert (which includes Littisbach and Unterbächen), Reidenbach, Schwarzenmatt, Simmenegg and Weissenbach. The area includes the valley floor around the Simme River, both sides of the valley and the surrounding mountains up to an altitude of 2,235 m (7,333 ft).

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Obersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Obersimmental-Saanen.^[6]

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent a Semi Bear Sable langued Gules issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the last.^[7]

Demographics

Boltigen has a population (as of December 2020^[update]) of 1,249.^[8] As of 2011^[update], 3.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last year (2010-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.7%. Migration accounted for -0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.6%.^[9]

Most of the population (as of 2000^[update]) speaks German (1,392 or 96.9%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (18 or 1.3%) and French is the third (7 or 0.5%). There are 2 people who speak Italian.^[10]

As of 2008^[update], the population was 51.7% male and 48.3% female. The population was made up of 682 Swiss men (49.6% of the population) and 29 (2.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 639 Swiss women (46.4%) and 26 (1.9%) non-Swiss women.^[11] Of the population in the municipality, 870 or about 60.6% were born in Boltigen and lived there in 2000. There were 363 or 25.3% who were born in the same canton, while 104 or 7.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 65 or 4.5% were born outside of Switzerland.^[10]

As of 2011^[update], children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 20% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 58.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.6%.^[9]

As of 2000^[update], there were 573 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 723 married individuals, 100 widows or widowers and 40 individuals who are divorced.^[10]

As of 2010^[update], there were 180 households that consist of only one person and 49 households with five or more people.^[12] In 2000^[update], a total of 518 apartments (70.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 163 apartments (22.0%) were seasonally occupied and 59 apartments (8.0%) were empty.^[13] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010^[update], was 0.72%. In 2011, single family homes made up 44.0% of the total housing in the municipality.^[14]

The historical population is given in the following chart:^[3]^[15]^[16]

Heritage sites of national significance

The farm house at Adlemsried 85, the farm house at Weissenbach 543 and the Ranggiloch mesolithic shelter are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Boltigen and the hamlet of Adlemsried are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.^[17]

Farm House at Adlemsried 85
Farm House at Weissenbach 543
Ranggiloch mesolithic shelter

Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 58.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.2%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (8.2%) and the Green Party (4.4%). In the federal election, a total of 542 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.6%.^[18]

Economy

As of 2011^[update], Boltigen had an unemployment rate of 0.8%. As of 2008^[update], there were a total of 486 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 282 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 102 businesses involved in this sector. 67 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 16 businesses in this sector. 137 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 43 businesses in this sector.^[9] There were 645 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.0% of the workforce.

In 2008^[update] there were a total of 350 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 178, of which 174 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 61 of which 23 or (37.7%) were in manufacturing and 37 (60.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 111. In the tertiary sector; 26 or 23.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 21 or 18.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 31 or 27.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 2.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 15 or 13.5% were in education and 3 or 2.7% were in health care.^[19]

In 2000^[update], there were 60 workers who commuted into the municipality and 261 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 384 workers (86.5% of the 444 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Boltigen.^[20] Of the working population, 11.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 46.8% used a private car.^[9]

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Boltigen making 150,000 CHF was 12.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.5%.^[21] For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.^[22]

In 2009 there were a total of 517 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 98 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 5 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 133, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Boltigen was 100,235 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.^[23]

In 2011 a total of 2.0% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.^[24]

Religion

From the 2000 census^[update], 1,276 or 88.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 39 or 2.7% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.35% of the population), and there were 23 individuals (or about 1.60% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 33 (or about 2.30% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 3 individuals who were Buddhist. 26 (or about 1.81% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 31 individuals (or about 2.16% of the population) did not answer the question.^[10]

Climate

Between 1981 and 2010 Boltigen had an average of 142.2 days of rain or snow per year and on average received 1,404 mm (55.3 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was July during which time Boltigen received an average of 154 mm (6.1 in) of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.3 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was May, with an average of 14.2, but with only 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year was April with an average of 91 mm (3.6 in) of precipitation over 12 days.^[25]

Education

In Boltigen about 48.2% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 7.8% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).^[9] Of the 67 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 73.1% were Swiss men, 20.9% were Swiss women.^[10]

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.^[26]

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 128 students attending classes in Boltigen. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 20 students in the municipality. The municipality had 4 primary classes and 64 students. Of the primary students, 1.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 1.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 2 lower secondary classes with a total of 44 students. There were 2.3% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.^[27]

As of 2000^[update], there were a total of 299 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 231 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 68 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 24 residents attended schools outside the municipality.^[20]

References

^ ^a ^b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Boltigen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
^ ^a ^b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:De icon accessed 25 March 2010
^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:De icon accessed 4 April 2011
^ Flags of the World.com accessed 11 February 2014
^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 11 February 2014
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:De icon accessed 2 February 2011
^ Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Template:De icon accessed 4 January 2012
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2013
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2011 accessed 17 June 2013
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:De icon accessed 29 January 2011
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 12 August 2013
^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2011. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2012
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
^ ^a ^b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:De icon accessed 24 June 2010
^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Steuerbelastung, 2011 Politische Gemeinden Template:De icon accessed 15 May 2013
^ Swiss Federal Tax Administration - Grafische Darstellung der Steuerbelastung 2011 in den Kantonen Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 17 June 2013
^ Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2009 Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 15 May 2013
^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011 accessed 18 June 2013
^ "Norm Values Tables, 1981-2010" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 22 January 2013., the Boltigen weather station elevation is 855 meters above sea level.
^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ Schuljahr 2011/12 pdf document Template:De icon accessed 9 May 2013

External links

Official Website of the Boltigen Community

[wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1] "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.

[wikidata-08bd17aa84cda5e3983f082e36c9004a86cf08fc-v18-2] "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.

[HDS-3] Boltigen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

[Arealstatistik-4] Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen

[BFS_land-5] Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:De icon accessed 25 March 2010

[Mutation-6] Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:De icon accessed 4 April 2011

[7] Flags of the World.com accessed 11 February 2014

[Stat2020_BE-8] "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.

[SFSO-9] Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 11 February 2014

[STAT2000-10] STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:De icon accessed 2 February 2011

[BE_Stat-11] Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Template:De icon accessed 4 January 2012

[12] Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2013

[Housing-13] Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011

[14] Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2011 accessed 17 June 2013

[15] Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:De icon accessed 29 January 2011

[16] Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse Template:De icon accessed 12 August 2013

[17] "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2011. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[election_2011-18] Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2012

[19] Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011

[commuter-20] Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:De icon accessed 24 June 2010

[21] Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Steuerbelastung, 2011 Politische Gemeinden Template:De icon accessed 15 May 2013

[22] Swiss Federal Tax Administration - Grafische Darstellung der Steuerbelastung 2011 in den Kantonen Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 17 June 2013

[23] Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2009 Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 15 May 2013

[24] Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011 accessed 18 June 2013

[MeteoSchweiz-25] "Norm Values Tables, 1981-2010" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 22 January 2013., the Boltigen weather station elevation is 855 meters above sea level.

[26] EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.

[School-27] Schuljahr 2011/12 pdf document Template:De icon accessed 9 May 2013

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
  | municipality_name	= Boltigen
  | municipality_type	= municipality
+ | image_photo          = Boltigen-Dorf.jpg
+ | image_caption        = Boltigen village
  | imagepath_coa	= Boltigen-coat of arms.svg|pixel_coa=
  | map			=
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
  | area			= 77
  | elevation		= 814|elevation_description=
- | population		= 1405|populationof=2007
+ | population           = 1367 | populationof = Dec 2011 |  popofyear = 2011
  | website		= www.boltigen.ch
  | mayor		= Klaus Meinen-Roschi|mayor_asof=2008|mayor_party=
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
  | twintowns		=
 |}}
-[[Image:JaunpassGastlosen.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Jaunpass]]
 '''Boltigen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Obersimmental-Saanen (administrative district)|Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 Boltigen is a mixed community, with traits both of a burgese community and a village community. Beside it, there is also a reformed evangelical Church community. The history of the community goes back to 1386 and the so-called ''Freiheitsbrief von 1386''.
-The community president is Hermann Maurer, since January 1, 2005.
+The community president is Hermann Maurer, since 1 January 2005.
 ==History==
+[[File:Boltigen-Kirche.jpg|thumb|left|Boltigen village church]]
 Boltigen is first mentioned in 1276.<ref name=HDS/>
+The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is the [[mesolithic]] shelter in the ''Ranggiloch'' cave.  A few [[Bronze Age]] artifacts have also been found.  During the [[Middle Ages]] there were forts or castles at Simmenegg, Eichstalden and Laubegg though all three have fallen into ruin.  The many of the villages and ''[[Bäuerten]]'' were founded in the [[Early Middle Ages]] and grew slowly over the following centuries.  The villages and farm lands came under [[Bern]]ese control partly in 1386 and completely in 1391.  When Bern acquired the lands, Adlemsried, Boltigen, Eschi, Schwarzenmatt and Weissenbach were all listed as villages.  Until the 15th century, Pfaffenried village (now part of [[Oberwil im Simmental]]) was part of Boltigen.  In 1502 Littisbach and Unterbächen were transferred from [[Zweisimmen]] to the municipality.<ref name=HDS/>
+The local church of St. Mauritius was first mentioned in 1228.  In 1528, Bern accepted the new faith of the [[Protestant Reformation]], however the [[Bernese Oberland]] resisted the new faith and the church at Boltigen was part of the resistance.  When Bern forced the Oberland to accept the Reformation, Boltigen also converted.  The church was destroyed in a fire in 1840 and rebuilt shortly thereafter.<ref name=HDS/>
+Traditionally, the villagers imported grain from Bern and raised cattle on the valley floor and in [[Transhumance in the Alps|seasonal alpine herding camps]].  Beginning in the 18th century, they began breeding and milking [[Simmental cattle]], which became major exports from the municipality.  During the 18th and 19th century coal mines at Walopalp provided another source of income.  There was also some trade over the [[Jaun Pass]].  The construction of the the Simmental road in 1815-28 and the Jaun Pass road in 1872-75 expanded trade in the village and allowed it to grow.  The construction of the Erlenbach-Zweisimmen railway in 1902 made it easier to reach villages and allowed them to grow further.  Unlike some communities in the Oberland, tourism never developed into a major industry.  In 1990 about one-third of the jobs in the services sector, while 44% of the jobs are in agriculture.<ref name=HDS/>
 ==Geography==
+[[Image:JaunpassGastlosen.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Jaun Pass near Boltigen]]
-Boltigen has an area, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, of {{convert|77.02|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.  Of this area, {{convert|40.82|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 53.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|27.22|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 35.3% is forested.   Of the rest of the land, {{convert|1.85|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 2.4% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.42|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|6.65|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 8.6% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref>
+Boltigen has an area of {{Swiss area|0791|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0791|QUELLE}}<!--77.02 - 76.96 km2-->  As of 2012, a total of {{convert|40.82|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 53.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|27.22|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 35.3% is forested.   The rest of the municipality is {{convert|1.85|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 2.4% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.42|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|6.65|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 8.6% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref>
-Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%.  29.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 12.6% is pastures and 40.3% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.  Of the unproductive areas, 5.8% is unproductive vegatation, 2.8% is too rocky for vegatation.<ref name=BFS_land/>
+During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%.  A total of 29.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 12.6% is pasturage and 40.3% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.  Of the unproductive areas, 5.8% is unproductive vegetation and 2.8% is too rocky for vegetation.<ref name=BFS_land/>
-Boltigen lies in the [[Bernese Oberland]] in [[Obersimmental]] beneath [[Zweisimmen]]. The [[Jaunpass]] lies in the community's area. The neighbour communities to the North are, clockwise, [[Oberwil im Simmental]], [[Diemtigen]], [[Zweisimmen]], [[Saanen]], [[Jaun]] and [[Plaffeien]].
+Boltigen lies in the [[Bernese Oberland]] in [[Obersimmental]] beneath [[Zweisimmen]]. The [[Jaunpass]] lies in the community's area. The neighboring communities to the North are, clockwise, [[Oberwil im Simmental]], [[Diemtigen]], [[Zweisimmen]], [[Saanen]], [[Jaun]] and [[Plaffeien]].
 The municipality includes the cooperative farms (''[[Bäuerten]]'') of Boltigen, Adlemsried, Eschi, Oberbäuert (which includes Littisbach and Unterbächen), Reidenbach, Schwarzenmatt, Simmenegg and Weissenbach.  The area includes the valley floor around the [[Simme]] River, both sides of the valley and the surrounding mountains up to an altitude of {{convert|2235|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
+On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Obersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.  On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Obersimmental-Saanen.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{de icon}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref>
+==Coat of arms==
+The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Argent a Semi Bear Sable langued Gules issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the last.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be291.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 11 February 2014</ref>
 ==Demographics==
+[[File:Boltigen 068.jpg|thumb|Boltigen village]]
-Boltigen has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-BE}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0791}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}}  {{as of|2007}}, 3.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -5.7%.  Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German  (96.9%), with Albanian being second most common ( 1.3%) and French being third ( 0.5%).
+Boltigen has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0791}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}}  {{as of|2011}}, 3.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last year (2010-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.7%.  Migration accounted for -0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.6%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 11 February 2014</ref>
+Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[German language|German]] (1,392 or 96.9%) as their first language, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] is the second most common (18 or 1.3%) and [[French language|French]] is the third (7 or 0.5%).  There are 2 people who speak [[Italian language|Italian]].<ref name=STAT2000/>
-In the 2007 election the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 58.9% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (14.5%), the local small left-wing parties (8.2%) and the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (6.9%).
+{{as of|2008}}, the population was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.  The population was made up of 682 Swiss men (49.6% of the population) and 29 (2.1%) non-Swiss men.  There were 639 Swiss women (46.4%) and 26 (1.9%) non-Swiss women.<ref name=BE_Stat>[http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html Statistical office of the Canton of Bern] {{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref>  Of the population in the municipality, 870 or about 60.6% were born in Boltigen and lived there in 2000.  There were 363 or 25.3% who were born in the same canton, while 104 or 7.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 65 or 4.5% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>
-The age distribution of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 52.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.1%.  The entire Swiss population is generally well educated.  In Boltigen about 56% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').
+{{as of|2011}}, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 20% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 58.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.6%.<ref name=SFSO/>
-Boltigen has an unemployment rate of 0.96%.  {{as of|2005}}, there were 293 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 107 businesses involved in this sector.  70 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 20 businesses in this sector.  136 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 39 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 13-Jul-2009</ref>
-The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|473|Boltigen}}</ref>
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! year
-! population
-|-
-| 1488
-|  147 Households
-|-
-| 1764
-|  1,300
-|-
-| 1850
-|  2,149
-|-
-| 1900
-|  1,933
-|-
-| 1950
-|  1,779
-|-
-| 1980
-|  1,339
-|-
-| 2000
-|  1,436
-|-
-|}
+{{as of|2000}}, there were 573 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 723 married individuals, 100 widows or widowers and 40 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000]  {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 </ref>
-==External links==
-{{commons category}}
+{{as of|2010}}, there were 180 households that consist of only one person and 49 households with five or more people.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/04/blank/key/haushaltsgroesse.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse] {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2013</ref>  {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 518 apartments (70.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 163 apartments (22.0%) were seasonally occupied and 59 apartments (8.0%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>  The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 0.72%.  In 2011, single family homes made up 44.0% of the total housing in the municipality.<ref>[http://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2011] accessed 17 June 2013</ref>
-* [http://www.boltigen.ch/ Official Website of the Boltigen Community]
+The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|473|Boltigen}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/news/04/01.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse] {{de icon}} accessed 12 August 2013</ref>
+<timeline>
+Colors=
+  id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
+  id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.8)
+ImageSize  = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45
+PlotArea   = top:20 left:35 bottom:20 right:35
+AlignBars  = justify
+DateFormat = x.y
+Period     = from:0 till:2200
+TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
+AlignBars  = justify
+ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:400 start:0
+ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:80 start:0
+PlotData=
+  color:yellowgreen width: 35   mark:(line,white) align:center
+  bar:1488 from:start till:588
+  bar:1488 at:598 fontsize:S text: "147_farms"  shift:(7,5)
+  bar:1764 from:start till:1300 text:"1,300"
+  bar:1850 from:start till:2149 text:"2,149"
+  bar:1860 from:start till:2052 text:"2,052"
+  bar:1870 from:start till:1970 text:"1,970"
+  bar:1880 from:start till:2054 text:"2,054"
+  bar:1888 from:start till:1906 text:"1,906"
+  bar:1900 from:start till:1933 text:"1,933"
+  bar:1910 from:start till:1837 text:"1,837"
+  bar:1920 from:start till:1873 text:"1,873"
+  bar:1930 from:start till:1740 text:"1,740"
+  bar:1941 from:start till:1879 text:"1,879"
+  bar:1950 from:start till:1779 text:"1,779"
+  bar:1960 from:start till:1691 text:"1,691"
+  bar:1970 from:start till:1519 text:"1,519"
+  bar:1980 from:start till:1339 text:"1,339"
+  bar:1990 from:start till:1420 text:"1,420"
+  bar:2000 from:start till:1436 text:"1,436"
+  bar:2010 from:start till:1364 text:"1,364"
+</timeline>
+==Heritage sites of national significance==
+The farm house at Adlemsried 85, the farm house at Weissenbach 543 and the ''Ranggiloch'' mesolithic shelter are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]].  The entire village of Boltigen and the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Adlemsried are part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte|year=2009|work=[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html KGS Inventar]|publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection|language=German|accessdate=25 April 2011}}</ref>
+<gallery>
+File:Boltigen - Bauernhaus - Adlemsried 85, 86.jpg|Farm House at Adlemsried 85
+File:Boltigen_-_Bauernhaus_-_Weissenbach_543.jpg|Farm House at Weissenbach 543
+File:Ranggiloch - mesolithischer Abri.jpg|''Ranggiloch'' [[mesolithic]] shelter
+</gallery>
+==Politics==
+In the 2011 [[Swiss federal election, 2011|federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP)]] which received 58.3% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|Conservative Democratic Party (BDP)]] (16.2%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party (SP)]] (8.2%) and the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (4.4%).  In the federal election, a total of 542 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 48.6%.<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref>
+==Economy==
+{{as of|2011|In 2011}}, Boltigen had an unemployment rate of 0.8%.  {{as of|2008}}, there were a total of 486 people employed in the municipality.  Of these, there were 282 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 102 businesses involved in this sector.  67 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 16 businesses in this sector.  137 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 43 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>  There were 645 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.0% of the workforce.
+{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} there were a total of 350 [[full-time equivalent]] jobs.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 178, of which 174 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 61 of which 23 or (37.7%) were in manufacturing and 37 (60.7%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 111.  In the tertiary sector; 26 or 23.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 21 or 18.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 31 or 27.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 2.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 15 or 13.5% were in education and 3 or 2.7% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>
+{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 60 workers who commuted into the municipality and 261 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  A total of 384 workers (86.5% of the 444 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Boltigen.<ref name=commuter>[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref>  Of the working population, 11.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 46.8% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>
+In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Boltigen making 150,000 [[CHF]] was 12.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.5%.<ref> [http://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Steuerbelastung, 2011 Politische Gemeinden] {{de icon}} accessed 15 May 2013</ref>  For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.<ref>[http://www.estv2.admin.ch/d/dokumentation/zahlen_fakten/karten/sb-2011_rangliste/index-d.htm Swiss Federal Tax Administration - Grafische Darstellung der Steuerbelastung 2011 in den Kantonen] {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 17 June 2013</ref>
+In 2009 there were a total of 517 tax payers in the municipality.  Of that total, 98 made over 75,000 CHF per year.  There were 5 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year.  The greatest number of workers, 133, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year.  The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Boltigen was 100,235 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.<ref>[http://www.estv.admin.ch/dokumentation/00075/00076/00701/01362/index.html?lang=de Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2009] {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 15 May 2013</ref>
+In 2011 a total of 2.0% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.<ref>[http://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011] accessed 18 June 2013</ref>
+==Religion==
+[[File:Boltigen im Simmental église.jpg|thumb|Boltigen village church]]
+From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 1,276 or 88.9% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]], while 39 or 2.7% were [[Roman Catholic]].  Of the rest of the population, there were 5 [[Orthodox Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (or about 0.35% of the population), and there were 23 individuals (or about 1.60% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 33 (or about 2.30% of the population) who were [[Muslim]].  There were 3 individuals who were [[Buddhism|Buddhist]].  26 (or about 1.81% of the population) belonged to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 31 individuals (or about 2.16% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>
+==Climate==
+Between 1981 and 2010 Boltigen had an average of 142.2 days of rain or snow per year and on average received {{convert|1404|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]].  The wettest month was July during which time Boltigen received an average of {{convert|154|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow.  During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.3 days.  The month with the most days of precipitation was May, with an average of 14.2, but with only {{convert|130|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow.  The driest month of the year was April with an average of {{convert|91|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 12 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweiz> {{cite web| url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html | title =Norm Values Tables, 1981-2010  | accessdate= 22 January 2013| publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss | language = German, French, Italian}}, the Boltigen weather station elevation is 855 meters above sea level.</ref>
+==Education==
+[[File:Boltigen-Schulhaus.jpg|thumb|Boltigen village school house]]
+In Boltigen about 48.2% of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 7.8% have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>  Of the 67 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 73.1% were Swiss men, 20.9% were Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/>
+The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory [[Kindergarten]], followed by six years of Primary school.  This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude.  Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an [[apprenticeship]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }}</ref>
+During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 128 students attending classes in Boltigen.  There was one kindergarten class with a total of 20 students in the municipality.  The municipality had 4 primary classes and 64 students.  Of the primary students, 1.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 1.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language.  During the same year, there were 2 lower secondary classes with a total of 44 students.  There were 2.3% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.<ref name=School>[http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html Schuljahr 2011/12 pdf document]{{de icon}} accessed 9 May 2013</ref>
+{{as of|2000|In 2000}}, there were a total of 299 students attending any school in the municipality.  Of those, 231 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 68 students came from another municipality.  During the same year, 24 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
+==External links==
+{{commons category}}
+* [http://www.boltigen.ch/ Official Website of the Boltigen Community]
 {{Municipalities of the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen}}
 [[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Bern]]
+[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern]]