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{{About|a historic district in New Jersey|the [[American Civil War]] site in Virginia|Fort Evans|the Army's '''''Evans''''' {{Convert|65|ft|abbr=on}} utility ship with the same [[eponym]] (Lt Col Paul Wesley Evans)|List of ships of the United States Army|the 1968 Camp Evans near [[Phong Điền]],<ref> http://www.campevansfacs.com/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6UEy_5J79M </ref> Vietnam|U.S. 11th Aviation Group}}
{{Infobox NRHP
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Camp Evans Historic District
| name = Camp Evans Historic District
| nrhp_type = hd
| nrhp_type = hd
| image = Camp Evans Historic District (21).JPG
| image = Camp Evans Historic District (38).JPG
| caption = The Marconi Hotel dedicated in 1914{{r|History}} at the Belmar Receiving Station is now InfoAge's "main campus"{{r|Visit}}
| caption = An overgrown section of the former base
| nearest_city= [[Belmar, New Jersey]]
| nearest_city= [[Belmar, New Jersey]]
| lat_degrees = 40
| lat_degrees = 40
| lat_minutes = 11
| lat_minutes = 11
| lat_seconds = 6
| lat_seconds = 20
| lat_direction = N
| lat_direction = N
| long_degrees = 74
| long_degrees = 74
| long_minutes = 3
| long_minutes = 3
| long_seconds = 28
| long_seconds = 53
| long_direction = W
| long_direction = W
| coordinate_note = <ref>{{Cite gnis|2101579|Camp Evans Historic District (2101579)|accessdate=2014-05-02}}</ref> <!--
| locmapin = New Jersey
| built = 1914
| locmapin = New Jersey -->
| architect = White, JG, Engineering Corporation; Rowland,John T. & et al.
| architect =
| architecture =
| architecture =
⚫
| added = March 26, 2002
| area = {{convert|55|acre}}
| area = {{convert|55|acre}}
| built = 1912-4
| governing_body = United States Army
| governing_body =
| refnum = 02000274<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
| refnum = 02000274{{r|NRHP}}
⚫
| added = March 26, 2002
}}
}}


'''Camp Evans Historic District''' is an area of the Camp Evans [[Formerly Used Defense Site]] in [[Wall Township, New Jersey]]. The site of the military installation ({{Coord|40|11|08|N|074|03|45|W|notes=<ref>{{Cite gnis|2101578|Camp Evans (2101578)|accessdate=2014-05-02}}</ref>}}) is noted for a 1914 transatlantic radio receiver and various [[World War II|WWII]]/[[Cold War]] laboratories of the [[United States Army]] (e.g., signal, vacuum tube, [[dosimetry]], & photo-optics).
'''Camp Evans''' is a former military base associated with [[Fort Monmouth]], in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New Jersey]]. It is located in [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]], although it is often said to be located in [[Belmar, New Jersey|Belmar]] (its postal [[zip code]] is Belmar's, although it lies outside the borough). The property overlooks the [[Shark River (New Jersey)|Shark River]].


==Belmar Receiving Station==
Camp Evans is named after Lt. Col. Paul Wesley Evans of the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]], who worked in the development of wireless transmission at the Belmar Station in the early 20th century. After [[World War I]], Evans was reassigned to the [[Panama Canal Zone]] as the presiding Signal Officer. Another honor conferred upon Lieutenant Colonel Evans' memory was the naming of the "Evans," the largest craft owned and operated by the Signal Corps. The "Evans," a 65 foot utility ship, was the seventh vessel added for operations and service with the Signal Corps in the Panama Canal Zone area, and was officially launched and named in Oyster Bay, Long Island.<ref name="Paul W. Evans">{{cite web|last=Bingham|first=Richard|title=Paul. W. Evans|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/pwevans.htm|accessdate=April 16, 2014}}</ref>
The '''Belmar Receiving Station''' was established near [[Belmar, New Jersey|the Belmar community]] together with a separate transatlantic transmitting facility at [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]], by the American [[Marconi Company]]. The Belmar station included "a mile-long bronze-wire receiving antenna strung on six 400 foot tall masts with three 150 foot balancing towers along the <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Shark River (New Jersey)|Shark] river]]. Outgoing [[Morse-code]] messages were sent via a telegraph land-line from the Belmar Station to the transmitter." The receiving site also had a telegraph land-line to a New York office.<ref>NRHP Registration Form, citation 16: {{Cite journal |date=October 1914 |title=Description of Marconi’s New Jersey Stations: Belmar and New Brunswick |journal=Wireless World |pages=414-8}}</ref>


⚫
Original buildings<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=r8BPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA360&dq=clifden+marconi&lr=&as_brr=1#PPA360,M1</ref> ({{coord|40.1859|N|74.0594|W|scale:10000|notes= {{Citation needed|date=2014-04-28}} }}) were built by the J.G. White Engineering Corp. between 1912 and 1914 as part of [[Guglielmo Marconi]]'s "wireless girdle"<ref>[http://www.campevans.org/practical-wireless-telegraphy-1920-05 Bucher - Practical Wireless Telegraphy - 1920 ed<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> around the Earth. In one of the buildings being constructed for the Belmar station, the [[regenerative circuit]] was demonstrated on January 31/February 1, 1914.
== Marconi's Wall Township Station ==
⚫
The original buildings <ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=r8BPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA360&dq=clifden+marconi&lr=&as_brr=1#PPA360,M1</ref> were built by the [[Marconi Company|American Marconi Company]] under a contract to the J.G. White Engineering Corp. between 1912 and 1914 as part of [[Guglielmo Marconi]]'s "wireless girdle"<ref>[http://www.campevans.org/practical-wireless-telegraphy-1920-05 Bucher - Practical Wireless Telegraphy - 1920 ed<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> around the Earth. It was then known as the Belmar Station ({{coord|40.1859|N|74.0594|W|scale:10000}}). The Belmar Station served as [[Marconi Company|Marconi]]'s receiving station, "duplexed" with his [[Somerset, New Jersey|New Brunswick]] ({{coord|40.5153|N|74.4889|W|scale:1000}}) high power transmitting station. An operator in Wall keyed the New Brunswick transmitter, 32 miles to the northwest, through a landline connection. [[Edwin Armstrong]] and [[David Sarnoff]] tested and perfected the [[regenerative circuit]] at the Wall site, on the night of January 31/February 1, 1914.


In April 1917, the Belmar station was acquired as part of the Navy's [[World War I]] "Trans-Atlantic Communication System" and after the November [[1918 Armistice with Germany]], Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America regained the Belmar station,<ref>[http://www.monmouth.com/~eroswell/histmarc.htm Guglielmo Marconi<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> which [[RCA|Radio Corporation of America]] owned from October 1919 until 1924.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1922 |title=The Book of Radio |chapter=Radio Central |chapterurl=http://earlyradiohistory.us/1922RCA.htm |accessdate=access date tbd}}</ref>
== The US Navy ==
All of the Marconi stations were seized by the [[U.S. Navy]] when the [[United States]] entered [[World War I]] in April 1917. Early in the war, [[Albert H. Taylor]], later the father of Naval radar, was in charge of all transatlantic communications, including the Belmar and New Brunswick stations as well as the transmitter stations in [[Tuckerton, New Jersey]] and [[Marion, MA]]; and the receiver stations in [[Chatham, MA]]<ref>[http://members.aol.com/WN1ION1967/wcchistory.htm WCC's History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and [[Otter Cliffs Radio Station|Otter Cliffs, ME]]. On January 8, 1918, President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s [[Fourteen Points]] speech was transmitted by the New Brunswick Naval Radio Station to Germany's [[Nauen Transmitter Station|Nauen Radio Station]]. In October Wilson's appeal<ref>[http://www.campevans.org/armistice-hastened-through-use-of-wireless-wa-1919-07 Armistice hastened through the use of wireless - The Wireless Age - July 1919<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> for the abdication or overthrow of [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] was sent through the powerful New Brunswick station.


== RCA ==
==Club and college site==
After "the Monmouth Pleasure Club was organized on or about June 30, 1923, by the membership of the [[Asbury Park]] [[Ku Klux Klan|Klan]] for the purpose of securing certain real estate",<ref> http://www.leagle.com/decision/192976434F2d730_1515.xml/KNIGHTS%20OF%20THE%20K.%20K.%20KLAN%20v.%20MONMOUTH%20PLEASURE%20CLUB%20ASS'N </ref> the Belmar station was owned 1925-35<ref> http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/monmouth-pleasure-club </ref> by the Monmouth County Pleasure Club<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 20, 1926 |title=Klan has summer resort |url=http://www.campevans.org/news/210-klan-has-summer-resort-nyt-1926-06-20 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=access date tbd}}</ref>{{Verify source|reason=the lawsuit appeal identifies the org name as "The Monmouth Pleasure Club Association"|date=May 2014}} which had a 1929 lawsuit about its "$1,000,000 piece of Monmouth County (N.J.) real estate."<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 21, 1929 |title=Klan loses Jersey lawsuit |url=http://www.campevans.org/news/211-klan-loses-jersey-suit-nyt-1929-09-21 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
At the end of the war, the property was briefly returned to the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America,<ref>[http://www.monmouth.com/~eroswell/histmarc.htm Guglielmo Marconi<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> which was acquired by the Radio Corporation of America ([[RCA]]) in October 1919. RCA sold the Wall site in 1924, when they consolidated all of their transatlantic receivers at their new Riverhead Receiver Station<ref>[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1922RCA.htm The Book of Radio-Radio Central chapter (1922)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> on Long Island, New York. The historic New Brunswick transmitter site served as an important communications link to the United Kingdom during both world wars.


⚫
The Young People's Association for the Propagation of the Gospel purchased the Belmar station in 1936,<ref> http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/the-kings-college '''The King's College Early History at Camp Evans''' </ref> and [[The King's College (New York)|The King's College]] opened in September 1938--when it was denied [[School accreditation|accreditation]] it relocated (currently is in the [[Empire State Building]].)
== Monmouth Pleasure Club ==
From 1925 to 1935, the property was owned by the Monmouth County Pleasure Club. The Pleasure Club had close ties to [[Arthur H. Bell]] and the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. Disputes over development of the property ended in a court battle that was reported in ''[[The New York Times]]''.


The [[Signal Corps Radar Laboratory]] (SCRL) of [[Fort Hancock]]{{r|NHLN11}} (formerly "Field Laboratory No. 3"){{r|Signal150th}} in the late 1930s used "a field set-up at" the Belmar station to compare US radars with the [[Chain Home|British CH]]-[[Chain Home Low|CHL Radars]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vieweger |first1=Arthur L |last2=White |first2=Albert S. |date=November 1959 |title=Development of Radar SCR-270 |url=http://cecom.army.mil/historian/docdisp.php?fname=vieweger-scr-270.pdf&dirname=Equipment+and+Systems%2FSCR+270 |journal=C&E Digest |publisher=HQ [[Air Defense Command|ADC]] [[Ent AFB Defense Area#Units|Directorate of Communications-Electronics]] |accessdate=2014-04-30 |quote=By mid August, an experimental model of the SCR-270 was assembled at Twin Lights… [Westinghouse] delivered 112 sets prior to Pearl Harbor day. [An SCR-271] put into operation at [[Fort Sherman]] in June, became the first radar in the American defense system… There were six mobile stations spotted around the perimeter of Oahu in early December 1941. … During late 1941 and 1942, a network of approximately 25 SCR-270's was installed along the [[Pacific Coast of the United States|Pacific Coast]], with a few in Mexico and Canada}}</ref> (additional testing of hardware was "often done" at the nearby [[Highlands Air Force Station#Twin Lights station|Twin Lights radar station]],{{r|NRHP44}} e.g., a trial radar network in 1939.)
New York Times Articles:
[http://www.campevans.org/news/210-klan-has-summer-resort-nyt-1926-06-20 '''Klan has summer resort, June 20, 1926''' ]
[http://www.campevans.org/news/211-klan-loses-jersey-suit-nyt-1929-09-21 '''Klan loses Jersey lawsuit, September 9, 1929''' ]


[[File:SCR-271-D-600.jpg |thumb|[[SCR-271]] at Camp Evans]]
== The King's College ==
==Evans Signal Laboratory==
⚫
The Young People's Association for the Propagation of the Gospel purchased the Belmar station in 1936. [[The King's College (New York)|The King's College]] opened in September 1938 under the leadership of [[Percy Crawford]]. It aimed to combine the Arts and Sciences with a Christian education and began with 67 students. When it was denied [[School accreditation|accreditation]], it relocated. Presently, The King's College is located in the [[Empire State Building]] in New York City.
In 1941 the Belmar radio "site was renamed the '''Evans Signal Laboratory'''"<ref>{{Cite report |year=2010 |title=Camp Evans: The Untold Story |url=http://www.industrialreps.org/documents/CampEvansStory.pdf |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref> after Wall Township purchased "the original Marconi buildings and the surrounding 93 acres" for the Army to move the SCRL.<ref name=NHLN11>NRHP Registration Form citation 41</ref> Initial construction "quickly built more than two dozen buildings and structures on the open land to the south and west of the Marconi buildings",{{r|NHLN}} including 2 boiler houses, 4 long rectangular one-story buildings, and "two groups of radio antenna shelters".<ref name=History> http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false </ref> Two models of the [[SCR-271]] radar "were located near the intersection of Monmouth Boulevard and Watson Road" (the model D had a sign for the '''SCRL Installation and Maintenance School''').<ref> http://www.campevans.org/history/radar/wwii-radar-array-scr-270-and-scr-271-cs-2005-12-08 </ref>


== World War II ==
==Camp Evans==
'''Camp Evans''' was designated by "[[United States Department of War|War Department]] General Order, 17 February 1942";<ref name=Signal150th> http://www.history.army.mil/banner_images/focus/150th_signal_corps/the_test.pdf </ref> the '''Camp Evans Signal Laboratory''' was named on March 31, 1942<ref> http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/1/1a/IEEE_New_Jersey_Coast_Section_Centennial_Journal_Part_2.pdf </ref> (the date of the camp's dedication);{{r|Signal150th}} and in December 1942, the War Department directed the Signal Corps General Development Laboratories and the Camp Evans Signal Lab to combine into the Signal Corps Ground Service (SCGS) with headquarters at [[Bradley Beach, New Jersey]] (Hotel Grossman).{{Citation needed|reason=This unsourced statement is from the "Signal Corps (United States Army)" article|date=April 2014}} The Camp Evans lab used "[[Harold A. Zahl|VT-158 tube[s]]] to adapt [[SCR-268]]s for" picket ships,<ref name=NRHP44>NRHP Registration Form citation 44: {{Cite news |last=Carl |first=Fred |date=June 12, 2003 |title=Radar Experts Worked at Camp Evans] to Protect [[Panama Canal]] |newspaper=The Coast Star |url=http://infoage.org/html/cs-2003-06-12/html |format=Infoage transcription |accessdate=2014-04-27}}</ref> modified the SCR-268 into the [[SCR-602]] which detected Japanese [[kamikaze]]s<ref>NRHP Registration Form citation 45: {{Cite journal |last1=[[Harold A. Zahl|Zahl, Lt Col Harold A]] |last2=Marchetti |first2=Maj John W. |date=January 1946 |title=The TPS-3 Radar |journal=Electronics |pages=98-104}}</ref> (producing 12 renumbered [[AN/TPQ-3]] developmental models)<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/pe-03-1964.html </ref> and on the [[SCR-584 radar|SCR-584 tracking radar]], did preliminary testing in December 1941 and added [[identification friend or foe]].{{r|NHLN}} The lab also improved components (e.g., for the [[VT Fuse|proximity fuse]]) and established [[Foreign Technology Division#World War II|a special unit which tested]]{{Where|date=April 2014}} captured German and Japanese radars.<ref>NRHP Registration Form citation 51: Zahl, [[Electronics Away]], pp. 46-48.{{Full citation needed|date=April 2014}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=May 2014}} The laboratory was also responsible for Army radar development by civilian companies (e.g., [[General Electric AN/CPS-6 Radar|GE AN/CPS-1 early warning radar]], [[MIT AN/CPS-4 Radar|Rad Lab AN/CPS-4 height finder]], [[Bendix]] AN/GPN-2 & LE AN/GPN-6 search sets, and Bendix AN/CPN-18 secondary surveillance radar).{{r|NHLN}}
The [[U.S. Army]] purchased the land in November 1941 to create a top-secret research facility. [[Radar]] was partly developed and vastly improved for Army applications at Camp Evans. Other partners in radar development included [[Fort Hancock, New Jersey|Fort Hancock]], the [[Radiation Laboratory|MIT Radiation Laboratory]], [[AT&T]], [[Western Electric]], [[General Electric]], and [[Chrysler]]. A unit designed by Camp Evans engineers detected enemy planes 50 minutes before the bombing of [[Pearl Harbor]]. Camp Evans radar was a major factor in the U.S. victory during [[World War II]].


By August 1943, Lt Col Paul E. Watson was the director of the '''Camp Evans Signal Laboratory'''.<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/smpr83.html </ref> In addition to the Signal lab, Camp Evans had the Joint Army-Navy Tube Standardization (JANS) Laboratory and in May 1945, the Signal Corps Ground Services was reformed into the [[Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories]].{{r|NHLN}} "Initial experimentation with an enemy mortar and artillery locating radar was conducted at Camp Evans in 1944."<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false </ref> By the end of the war Camp Evans had "approximately 134 buildings and structures on approximately 217-acres"{{r|NHLN}} including the "Meteorological Branch of the Army Signal Corps"<ref> https://www.google.com/#q=%22camp+evans%22+%22meteorological+branch%22 </ref> ([[cf.]] the [[Engineering Division|Meteorological Branch at McCook Field]]).<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=E1gGW_TqLawC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=%22signal+corps%22+%22meteorological+branch%22&source=bl&ots=ytEhsj-fO9&sig=9nZC_g_9LmT9ve_UcCjI_1apJX8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5hfU8evLsfj2QX1u4CoDw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22signal%20corps%22%20%22meteorological%20branch%22&f=false </ref>
== Army Research ==
During and after World War II, Camp Evans was an important [[African-American history|Black history]] site. Black engineers made major contributions to electronic research, development, product distribution and training.<ref>http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/rj-nosc.html</ref>


===Cold War events===
After World War II, the Army kept Camp Evans as a research facility. The base was part of [[Project Paperclip]], under which German scientists and engineers were relocated and employed by the U.S. Army, including [[Wernher von Braun]]. [[Project Diana]] opened the [[space age]], showing that radio waves could pierce the [[ionosphere]]. This proved that communication was possible between the Earth and space, opening the possibility of space exploration. Other contributions included work on [[light-emitting diode]]s, [[night vision goggles]], and many other important developments.
*Camp Evans' black engineers contributed{{Specify|reason=none of the developmental achievements indicated in this article are identified as by black engineers at Camp Evans|date=April 2014}} to electronic research, development, product distribution and training,<ref>{{Cite web |title=African American Heritage at Camp Evans |url=http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/rj-nosc.html |format=edited version of documentary article |accessdate=2014-04-29}}</ref> e.g., [[Walter S. Mcafee|Dr. Walter Mcafee at Ft Monmouth]]<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/mcdonalds-2000.html </ref> "first calculated the speed of the moon" during Project Diana,<ref> http://www.lipstickalley.com/showthread.php?t=625754 </ref> (it took 40 minutes to travel 15 deg, the width of the fixed radar beam rotating with the Earth.)<ref> http://edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4404759/Project-Diana-bounces-radio-waves-off-moon--January-10--1946 </ref>


*After the WWII [[Peenemünde Army Research Center|Peenemünde]] [[V-2]]s tracked by the [[Würzburg radar|giant Würzburg]] [[Test Stand VII|"rhinoceros" radar had reached space and their telemetry had been received]] (e.g., at burnout); during moonrise on January 10, 1946, [[Project Diana]] transmitted [[VHF]] radar pulses through the ionosphere to the moon and detected the reflection<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=f42fFDCTF0MC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=%22camp+evans%22+%22scr-271%22&source=bl&ots=mt6as0Lo6y&sig=Cc2BjxZmNIHqw58pfi_x0tC69mo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=v5xdU9TxIrXIsATMvoGgCw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22camp%20evans%22%20%22scr-271%22&f=false </ref> using a modified version of an experimental SCR-271<ref>{{Cite web |date="Page updated January 3, 2004 page created March 23, 1998" |work=Camp Evans - Wall, New Jersey |title=Army Radar: SCR-268, SCR-270 & SCR-271 |url=http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/scr-270.html |publisher=CampEvans.org |accessdate=2014-04-27 |quote=In February 1931 Major General William R. Blair began "[[Project 88]]" for the detection of enemy aircraft by noise, intrared waves and radio waves. In December 1936 Signal Corps engineers field tested their first radar equipment at [[Newark International Airport|the airport in Newark, New Jersey]]. On May 18, 1937, the future [[SCR-268]], was demonstrated to Brig. Gen. [[Henry H. Arnold]] at [[Fort Monmouth]]. <small>from pg 232-233 Getting the Message Through, A Branch History of the U.S. Army Signal Corps by Raines, Rebecca., Center of Military History United States Army, Washington D.C., 1996}}</ref> at "the right of center Camp Evans".</small><ref> http://cecom.army.mil/historian/docdisp.php?fname=diana.html&dirname=Radar%2FDiana%2C+some_courtesyInfoage </ref>
Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]], [[Roy Cohn]], and others came to Camp Evans on October 20, 1953. McCarthy claimed that the Army's "house of magic" was really a "house of spies." [[Julius Rosenberg]] was executed for supposedly stealing [[radar]] and [[proximity fuze]] information from [[Fort Monmouth]] while working there as an [[electrical engineer]] in the 1940s. (Documents released by Russia after the [[Cold War]] showed that Mr. Rosenberg was indeed, a Soviet Spy.) McCarthy's visit destroyed careers and led to the creation of the "leper colony" - where those who could no longer be trusted with top secret information worked. None of the Camp Evans employees whom McCarthy investigated in 1953 and 1954 were ever prosecuted.


*By August 1951, the Evans Signal Laboratory had a Meteorological Branch<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=v5grAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22signal+corps%22+%22meteorological+branch%22&source=bl&ots=fR9V0DoQQc&sig=-HzEsyNwiRxWddVbiR1KOqqynY4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5hfU8evLsfj2QX1u4CoDw&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22signal%20corps%22%20%22meteorological%20branch%22&f=false </ref> in Bldg. 39.<ref>{{Cite film |format=NTSC Video transcript at CampEvans.org |year="1998? |title=Camp Evans Oral Histories: Samuel Stein |url=http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/oh-Samuel-Stein.html |accessdate=2014-04-29 |quote=Evans Bldg. 36/37. There radars would be assembled in Bldg 37 and installed in trailers with antennas 2- to 30 ft. long (known as Bedspring Radars). … He then was assigned to Bldg. 39, Meteorological Branch. His work there included storm detection. During late 1942, early 1943, the first weather stration was built to service Ft. Monmouth and surrounding area. His group built infrared sensors, did research on solid state materials, tested [[weather ballon|balloons]] and [[radiosonde]].}}</ref>
The [[U.S. Army Signal Corps]] scientists at Camp Evans and [[Deal Test Site]] in [[Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey|Ocean Township]] tracked [[Sputnik]]. The Institute for Exploratory Research was created and based out of Camp Evans. The army base played an important role in [[satellite]] development and [[space exploration]]. Dr. [[Hans K. Ziegler|Hans Ziegler]] was responsible for the first application of [[solar cell]]s as a power source for satellites.


*The 1952 [[Army Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory]] was established in building 9401 which had an underground vault, a "[[Van de Graff generator|Van de Graff machine]]", and AN/UDM-1A [[Cesium 137]] and AN/UDM-1 [[Cobalt 60]] calibration sources.<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/b9401.html </ref>
Camp Evans played an important role in the development of the [[silicon]] [[transistor]]. It featured a nuclear [[dosimetry]] laboratory and a photo-optics lab. It tracked [[Pioneer 5]]. Camp Evans worked with projects [[Joint STARS]], REMBASS, Firefinder, Pulsed Power (part of [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[Strategic Defense Initiative]]), and others.


*After a visit on October 20, 1953. [[McCarthyism]] claimed that Camp Evans was a "house of spies", but none of the camp's employees which [[Joseph McCarthy|Senator McCarthy]] investigated in 1953 and 1954 were ever prosecuted.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}
== InfoAge ==
The former Camp Evans base is now{{when?|date=September 2013}} being turned into the [[Infoage Science/History Learning Center]]. Quoting from their website: "InfoAge is a group of cooperating non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and education of information age technologies, as we honor the pioneers of communications." InfoAge volunteers have succeeded in having Camp Evans listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], in the creation of a Camp Evans [[historic district]], and is a [[Save America's Treasures]] official project. Volunteers are also working to restore the buildings after years of Army neglect. The land and buildings have been given to the [[National Park Service]] for InfoAge's use through the [[United States Department of Defense]] [[Base Realignment and Closure]] process.


*"In 1957, replacement equipment, on the frame of a captured German {{sic|Wertzburg}} Reise radar, erected at the Project Diana site helped track [[Sputnik I|the Soviet Union's Sputnik]]"{{r|NHLN}} ([[cf.]] the [[Deal Test Site]] in [[Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey|Ocean Township]] that moved to Evans in 1973).<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false </ref>
== Recent developments ==

Currently, parts of what was the Camp Evans base have been given to the [[Infoage Science/History Learning Center]], [[Brookdale Community College]] and the North Wall Little League Foundation.
*Camp Evans became part of the [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:bt-8SgJTDEMJ:cecom.army.mil/historian/pubupdates/EVANSAREA_032205.doc+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us Signal Radio Propagation Agency] and developed a [[WSR-57|radar weather set]]<!--minute 27:05-->{{r|VM-1110A}}

*The Evans laboratory transferred from the SCGS to the “U. S. Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories” (SCEL), which in April 1958 was renamed the “[http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83826049.html U. S. Army Signal Corps Research and Development Laboratory.”]<ref> http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:bt-8SgJTDEMJ:cecom.army.mil/historian/pubupdates/EVANSAREA_032205.doc+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us </ref>

*The Project Diana site{{r|Tiros}} with building 9162 was used for the [[NASA]] [[TIROS-1]] satellite's downlink antenna ("60-foot dish shaped antenna, Space Sentry"){{r|Tiros}} on April 1, 1960, for the first photograph{{Dubious|reason=perhaps 1st that was downlinked rather than deorbited by CORONA capsule|date=April 2014}} from space{{r|NHLN}} (the "ground terminal [was] at [[Fort Monmouth]]"<ref name=Tiros> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/tiros1-2.html </ref> in the "laboratory receiving area").<ref name=VM-1110A> http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/8019 vintage film at minute 21:40 (film at end includes Eisenhower's voice broadcast from satellite)</ref>

*[[Intersil#Company history|Radiation Incorporated]]'s AN/TLM-18 "Space Sentry"<ref> http://www.campevans.org/articles/space-sentry-2005-04-13 </ref> at Camp Evans was used for [[minitrack]].<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/mm-1958-06-19-p1-Space-Sentry-Radar.html </ref>

*The Army Photo-optics Laboratory opened at Camp Evans in 1963.{{When|date=April 2014}}

*Most [[Deal Test Site]] "facilities and personnel" moved to Camp Evans due to the Deal site lease terminating on June 30, 1973.<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false </ref>

==Closure==
The [[1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]] at the [[end of the Cold War]] designated Camp Evans for closure (e.g., the Army Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory closed in 1999)<ref> http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/faq.html </ref> Evans units moved to Fort Monmouth's "Main Post" (Project 42682),<ref> http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false </ref> and Camp Evans land transferred to the [[National Park Service]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} The [[Infoage Science/History Learning Center]] was established in some of the historic district buildings (e.g., Bldg 9116 has "Radio Room One).<ref name=Visit> http://www.infoage.org/visit </ref> A section of the former camp also became the '''Wall Higher Education Center''' of the [[Brookdale Community College]].{{When|date=April 2014}}

A district of Camp Evans was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2002, and camp areas became part of the [[Save America's Treasures]] project<ref> http://www.infoage.org InfoAge Science/History Learning Center{{Verify source|date=April 2014}} </ref> (2005 funds were donated to restore the AN/TLM-18.)<ref> http://www.campevans.org/articles/space-sentry-2005-04-13 </ref> In 2011, [http://wiki.ixrnj.org/index.php?title=About Institute for Exploratory Research] began in "the basement at the InfoAge Science Center".


⚫
==References==
{{commons category|Camp Evans}}
{{commons category|Camp Evans}}
{{External media |width=25em
{{reflist}}
|image1=[http://www.campevans.org/history/preservation-progress Camp map with numbered buildings]
|image2=[http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false "Diana Radar" sign]
|video5=[http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/8019 Diana & AN/TLM-18 antennas (min. 19:30 & 19:50)]
}}
⚫
==References==
{{Reflist |refs=


<ref name=NHLN>{{Cite report |last1=Waston |first1=Raymond C |last2=Lange |first2=Robie S |date= February 16, 2012 |title= National Historic Landmark Nomination: Camp Evans |format=USDI/NPS '''NRHP Registration Form''' |url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/news/LC/spring2012/CampEvans.pdf |accessdate=2014-04-30 }}</ref>
==External links==

*[http://www.infoage.org '''InfoAge Science/History Learning Center'''] is located at the former Camp Evans Base. The extensive collection of Camp Evans historical information is stored on the [http://www.campevans.org/ '''Camp Evans'''] Web Site.
<ref name=NRHP>{{Cite report |last1=Carl |first1=Fred |last2=Judge |first2=Robert |last3=Swanson |first3=Mark |date=date [[tbd]] |title=Camp Evans Historic District National Register of Historic Places Nomination |url=http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/nrhp.html |format=webpages with transcribed sections of NRHP nomination |accessdate=2014-04-28}}</ref>
*[http://www.tkc.edu '''The King's College''']
}}
*[http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/the-kings-college '''The King's College Early History at Camp Evans''']

*[http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/monmouth-pleasure-club '''The Monmouth Pleasure Club''']
[[Category:Military facilities in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Military history of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Wall Township, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Wall Township, New Jersey]]

[[Category:Military radars of the United States]]

[[Category:World War II radars]]

[[Category:World War II espionage]]
[[Category:Ku Klux Klan]]
[[Category:Ku Klux Klan]]<!--Monmouth County Pleasure Club-->
[[Category:Closed military facilities of the United States in the United States]]
[[Category:Closed military facilities of the United States in the United States]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Monmouth County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Monmouth County, New Jersey]]

Revision as of 14:01, 2 May 2014

This article is about a historic district in New Jersey. For the American Civil War site in Virginia, see Fort Evans. For the Army's Evans 65 ft (20 m) utility ship with the same eponym (Lt Col Paul Wesley Evans), see List of ships of the United States Army. For the 1968 Camp Evans near Phong Điền,[1] Vietnam, see U.S. 11th Aviation Group.
Camp Evans Historic District
The Marconi Hotel dedicated in 1914[3] at the Belmar Receiving Station is now InfoAge's "main campus"[4]
Nearest cityBelmar, New Jersey
Area55 acres (22 ha)
Built1912-4
NRHP reference No.02000274[2]
Added to NRHPMarch 26, 2002

Camp Evans Historic District is an area of the Camp Evans Formerly Used Defense Site in Wall Township, New Jersey. The site of the military installation (40°11′08″N 074°03′45″W / 40.18556°N 74.06250°W / 40.18556; -74.06250[6]) is noted for a 1914 transatlantic radio receiver and various WWII/Cold War laboratories of the United States Army (e.g., signal, vacuum tube, dosimetry, & photo-optics).

Belmar Receiving Station

The Belmar Receiving Station was established near the Belmar community together with a separate transatlantic transmitting facility at New Brunswick, New Jersey, by the American Marconi Company. The Belmar station included "a mile-long bronze-wire receiving antenna strung on six 400 foot tall masts with three 150 foot balancing towers along the [Shark] river. Outgoing Morse-code messages were sent via a telegraph land-line from the Belmar Station to the transmitter." The receiving site also had a telegraph land-line to a New York office.[7]

Original buildings[8] (40°11′09″N 74°03′34″W / 40.1859°N 74.0594°W / 40.1859; -74.0594[citation needed]) were built by the J.G. White Engineering Corp. between 1912 and 1914 as part of Guglielmo Marconi's "wireless girdle"[9] around the Earth. In one of the buildings being constructed for the Belmar station, the regenerative circuit was demonstrated on January 31/February 1, 1914.

In April 1917, the Belmar station was acquired as part of the Navy's World War I "Trans-Atlantic Communication System" and after the November 1918 Armistice with Germany, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America regained the Belmar station,[10] which Radio Corporation of America owned from October 1919 until 1924.[11]

Club and college site

After "the Monmouth Pleasure Club was organized on or about June 30, 1923, by the membership of the Asbury Park Klan for the purpose of securing certain real estate",[12] the Belmar station was owned 1925-35[13] by the Monmouth County Pleasure Club[14][verification needed] which had a 1929 lawsuit about its "$1,000,000 piece of Monmouth County (N.J.) real estate."[15]

The Young People's Association for the Propagation of the Gospel purchased the Belmar station in 1936,[16] and The King's College opened in September 1938--when it was denied accreditation it relocated (currently is in the Empire State Building.)

The Signal Corps Radar Laboratory (SCRL) of Fort Hancock[17] (formerly "Field Laboratory No. 3")[18] in the late 1930s used "a field set-up at" the Belmar station to compare US radars with the British CH-CHL Radars.[19] (additional testing of hardware was "often done" at the nearby Twin Lights radar station,[20] e.g., a trial radar network in 1939.)

SCR-271 at Camp Evans

Evans Signal Laboratory

In 1941 the Belmar radio "site was renamed the Evans Signal Laboratory"[21] after Wall Township purchased "the original Marconi buildings and the surrounding 93 acres" for the Army to move the SCRL.[17] Initial construction "quickly built more than two dozen buildings and structures on the open land to the south and west of the Marconi buildings",[22] including 2 boiler houses, 4 long rectangular one-story buildings, and "two groups of radio antenna shelters".[3] Two models of the SCR-271 radar "were located near the intersection of Monmouth Boulevard and Watson Road" (the model D had a sign for the SCRL Installation and Maintenance School).[23]

Camp Evans

Camp Evans was designated by "War Department General Order, 17 February 1942";[18] the Camp Evans Signal Laboratory was named on March 31, 1942[24] (the date of the camp's dedication);[18] and in December 1942, the War Department directed the Signal Corps General Development Laboratories and the Camp Evans Signal Lab to combine into the Signal Corps Ground Service (SCGS) with headquarters at Bradley Beach, New Jersey (Hotel Grossman).[citation needed] The Camp Evans lab used "VT-158 tube[s] to adapt SCR-268s for" picket ships,[20] modified the SCR-268 into the SCR-602 which detected Japanese kamikazes[25] (producing 12 renumbered AN/TPQ-3 developmental models)[26] and on the SCR-584 tracking radar, did preliminary testing in December 1941 and added identification friend or foe.[22] The lab also improved components (e.g., for the proximity fuse) and established a special unit which tested[where?] captured German and Japanese radars.[27][verification needed] The laboratory was also responsible for Army radar development by civilian companies (e.g., GE AN/CPS-1 early warning radar, Rad Lab AN/CPS-4 height finder, Bendix AN/GPN-2 & LE AN/GPN-6 search sets, and Bendix AN/CPN-18 secondary surveillance radar).[22]

By August 1943, Lt Col Paul E. Watson was the director of the Camp Evans Signal Laboratory.[28] In addition to the Signal lab, Camp Evans had the Joint Army-Navy Tube Standardization (JANS) Laboratory and in May 1945, the Signal Corps Ground Services was reformed into the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories.[22] "Initial experimentation with an enemy mortar and artillery locating radar was conducted at Camp Evans in 1944."[29] By the end of the war Camp Evans had "approximately 134 buildings and structures on approximately 217-acres"[22] including the "Meteorological Branch of the Army Signal Corps"[30] (cf. the Meteorological Branch at McCook Field).[31]

Cold War events

  • Camp Evans' black engineers contributed[specify] to electronic research, development, product distribution and training,[32] e.g., Dr. Walter Mcafee at Ft Monmouth[33] "first calculated the speed of the moon" during Project Diana,[34] (it took 40 minutes to travel 15 deg, the width of the fixed radar beam rotating with the Earth.)[35]
  • By August 1951, the Evans Signal Laboratory had a Meteorological Branch[39] in Bldg. 39.[40]
  • After a visit on October 20, 1953. McCarthyism claimed that Camp Evans was a "house of spies", but none of the camp's employees which Senator McCarthy investigated in 1953 and 1954 were ever prosecuted.[citation needed]
  • The Project Diana site[45] with building 9162 was used for the NASA TIROS-1 satellite's downlink antenna ("60-foot dish shaped antenna, Space Sentry")[45] on April 1, 1960, for the first photograph[dubious – discuss] from space[22] (the "ground terminal [was] at Fort Monmouth"[45] in the "laboratory receiving area").[43]
  • The Army Photo-optics Laboratory opened at Camp Evans in 1963.[when?]
  • Most Deal Test Site "facilities and personnel" moved to Camp Evans due to the Deal site lease terminating on June 30, 1973.[48]

Closure

The 1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission at the end of the Cold War designated Camp Evans for closure (e.g., the Army Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory closed in 1999)[49] Evans units moved to Fort Monmouth's "Main Post" (Project 42682),[50] and Camp Evans land transferred to the National Park Service.[citation needed] The Infoage Science/History Learning Center was established in some of the historic district buildings (e.g., Bldg 9116 has "Radio Room One).[4] A section of the former camp also became the Wall Higher Education Center of the Brookdale Community College.[when?]

A district of Camp Evans was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, and camp areas became part of the Save America's Treasures project[51] (2005 funds were donated to restore the AN/TLM-18.)[52] In 2011, Institute for Exploratory Research began in "the basement at the InfoAge Science Center".

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Camp Evans.
External images
image icon Camp map with numbered buildings
image icon "Diana Radar" sign
video icon Diana & AN/TLM-18 antennas (min. 19:30 & 19:50)

References

  1. ^ http://www.campevansfacs.com/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6UEy_5J79M
  2. ^ Carl, Fred; Judge, Robert; Swanson, Mark (date tbd). Camp Evans Historic District National Register of Historic Places Nomination (webpages with transcribed sections of NRHP nomination) (Report). Retrieved 2014-04-28. {{cite report}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false
  4. ^ a b http://www.infoage.org/visit
  5. ^ "Camp Evans Historic District (2101579)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  6. ^ "Camp Evans (2101578)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  7. ^ NRHP Registration Form, citation 16: "Description of Marconi's New Jersey Stations: Belmar and New Brunswick". Wireless World: 414–8. October 1914.
  8. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=r8BPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA360&dq=clifden+marconi&lr=&as_brr=1#PPA360,M1
  9. ^ Bucher - Practical Wireless Telegraphy - 1920 ed
  10. ^ Guglielmo Marconi
  11. ^ "Radio Central". The Book of Radio. 1922. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ http://www.leagle.com/decision/192976434F2d730_1515.xml/KNIGHTS%20OF%20THE%20K.%20K.%20KLAN%20v.%20MONMOUTH%20PLEASURE%20CLUB%20ASS'N
  13. ^ http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/monmouth-pleasure-club
  14. ^ "Klan has summer resort". The New York Times. June 20, 1926. Retrieved access date tbd. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ^ "Klan loses Jersey lawsuit". New York Times. September 21, 1929. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  16. ^ http://www.campevans.org/camp-history/the-kings-college The King's College Early History at Camp Evans
  17. ^ a b NRHP Registration Form citation 41
  18. ^ a b c http://www.history.army.mil/banner_images/focus/150th_signal_corps/the_test.pdf
  19. ^ Vieweger, Arthur L; White, Albert S. (November 1959). "Development of Radar SCR-270". C&E Digest. HQ ADC Directorate of Communications-Electronics. Retrieved 2014-04-30. By mid August, an experimental model of the SCR-270 was assembled at Twin Lights… [Westinghouse] delivered 112 sets prior to Pearl Harbor day. [An SCR-271] put into operation at Fort Sherman in June, became the first radar in the American defense system… There were six mobile stations spotted around the perimeter of Oahu in early December 1941. … During late 1941 and 1942, a network of approximately 25 SCR-270's was installed along the Pacific Coast, with a few in Mexico and Canada
  20. ^ a b NRHP Registration Form citation 44: Carl, Fred (June 12, 2003). "Radar Experts Worked at Camp Evans] to Protect [[Panama Canal]]" (Infoage transcription). The Coast Star. Retrieved 2014-04-27. {{cite news}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  21. ^ Camp Evans: The Untold Story (PDF) (Report). 2010. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g Waston, Raymond C; Lange, Robie S (February 16, 2012). National Historic Landmark Nomination: Camp Evans (USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form) (Report). Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  23. ^ http://www.campevans.org/history/radar/wwii-radar-array-scr-270-and-scr-271-cs-2005-12-08
  24. ^ http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/1/1a/IEEE_New_Jersey_Coast_Section_Centennial_Journal_Part_2.pdf
  25. ^ NRHP Registration Form citation 45: Zahl, Lt Col Harold A; Marchetti, Maj John W. (January 1946). "The TPS-3 Radar". Electronics: 98–104.
  26. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/pe-03-1964.html
  27. ^ NRHP Registration Form citation 51: Zahl, Electronics Away, pp. 46-48.[full citation needed]
  28. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/smpr83.html
  29. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false
  30. ^ https://www.google.com/#q=%22camp+evans%22+%22meteorological+branch%22
  31. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=E1gGW_TqLawC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=%22signal+corps%22+%22meteorological+branch%22&source=bl&ots=ytEhsj-fO9&sig=9nZC_g_9LmT9ve_UcCjI_1apJX8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5hfU8evLsfj2QX1u4CoDw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22signal%20corps%22%20%22meteorological%20branch%22&f=false
  32. ^ "African American Heritage at Camp Evans" (edited version of documentary article). Retrieved 2014-04-29.
  33. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/mcdonalds-2000.html
  34. ^ http://www.lipstickalley.com/showthread.php?t=625754
  35. ^ http://edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4404759/Project-Diana-bounces-radio-waves-off-moon--January-10--1946
  36. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=f42fFDCTF0MC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=%22camp+evans%22+%22scr-271%22&source=bl&ots=mt6as0Lo6y&sig=Cc2BjxZmNIHqw58pfi_x0tC69mo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=v5xdU9TxIrXIsATMvoGgCw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22camp%20evans%22%20%22scr-271%22&f=false
  37. ^ "Army Radar: SCR-268, SCR-270 & SCR-271". Camp Evans - Wall, New Jersey. CampEvans.org. "Page updated January 3, 2004 page created March 23, 1998". Retrieved 2014-04-27. In February 1931 Major General William R. Blair began "Project 88" for the detection of enemy aircraft by noise, intrared waves and radio waves. In December 1936 Signal Corps engineers field tested their first radar equipment at the airport in Newark, New Jersey. On May 18, 1937, the future SCR-268, was demonstrated to Brig. Gen. Henry H. Arnold at Fort Monmouth. from pg 232-233 Getting the Message Through, A Branch History of the U.S. Army Signal Corps by Raines, Rebecca., Center of Military History United States Army, Washington D.C., 1996 {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ http://cecom.army.mil/historian/docdisp.php?fname=diana.html&dirname=Radar%2FDiana%2C+some_courtesyInfoage
  39. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=v5grAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22signal+corps%22+%22meteorological+branch%22&source=bl&ots=fR9V0DoQQc&sig=-HzEsyNwiRxWddVbiR1KOqqynY4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5hfU8evLsfj2QX1u4CoDw&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22signal%20corps%22%20%22meteorological%20branch%22&f=false
  40. ^ Camp Evans Oral Histories: Samuel Stein (NTSC Video transcript at CampEvans.org). "1998?. Retrieved 2014-04-29. Evans Bldg. 36/37. There radars would be assembled in Bldg 37 and installed in trailers with antennas 2- to 30 ft. long (known as Bedspring Radars). … He then was assigned to Bldg. 39, Meteorological Branch. His work there included storm detection. During late 1942, early 1943, the first weather stration was built to service Ft. Monmouth and surrounding area. His group built infrared sensors, did research on solid state materials, tested balloons and radiosonde. {{cite AV media}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  41. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/b9401.html
  42. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false
  43. ^ a b http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/8019 vintage film at minute 21:40 (film at end includes Eisenhower's voice broadcast from satellite)
  44. ^ http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:bt-8SgJTDEMJ:cecom.army.mil/historian/pubupdates/EVANSAREA_032205.doc+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
  45. ^ a b c http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/tiros1-2.html
  46. ^ http://www.campevans.org/articles/space-sentry-2005-04-13
  47. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/mm-1958-06-19-p1-Space-Sentry-Radar.html
  48. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false
  49. ^ http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/faq.html
  50. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Iqvss1iSq84C&lpg=PA176&ots=lxhqEKrO7R&dq=%22Signal%20Corps%20Ground%20Service%22%20evans%20-combine&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=evans&f=false
  51. ^ http://www.infoage.org InfoAge Science/History Learning Center[verification needed]
  52. ^ http://www.campevans.org/articles/space-sentry-2005-04-13
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