Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe

Theodore "Ted" Cole
Theodore "Ted" Cole
Born	(1913-04-06)April 6, 1913 Pittsburg, Kansas
Died	December 16, 1937(1937-12-16) (aged 24) (presumed) San Francisco, California

Ralph Roe
Ralph Roe
Born	(1906-02-05)February 5, 1906
Died	December 16th, 1937 (aged 31), (missing, presumed dead) San Francisco, California

Theodore "Ted" Cole (April 6, 1913 – December 16, 1937 (presumed)) and Ralph Roe (February 5, 1906 – December 16, 1937 (presumed)) took part in the second documented escape attempt from Alcatraz, in 1937. Although officials were quick to conclude they perished in the attempt, their remains were never found and their fate remains unknown, making the incident the first to shatter Alcatraz's reputation as an "escape-proof" prison.

Imprisonment

Cole and Roe, both convicted bank robbers (Cole went into Alcatraz for kidnapping also) in Oklahoma, had been caught during earlier, independent escape attempts from that state's McAlester Prison. Judged to be escape risks, they were both incarcerated in high-security Leavenworth Prison, then transferred to higher-security Alcatraz in 1936. They were given jobs working in the prison's Mat Shop, a facility at the northernmost point of the island, where discarded automobile tires were cut up and converted into rubber mats for the U.S. Navy.

Roe, an Oklahoma bank robber, was originally captured after a shootout with local police and FBI agents in Shawnee, Oklahoma on December 30, 1933. This same gun battle claimed the life of Roe's partner, Wilbur Underhill. Cole had been given a death sentence by means of an electric chair for his role in the robbery of a bottling works plant in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Escape and disappearance

On December 16, 1937, a dense fog swept through the San Francisco Bay, impeding marine traffic and reducing visibility on Alcatraz. At 12:50 p.m., Cole and Roe were working in a tire repair shop. A routine headcount showed all prisoners accounted for. At 1:30 p.m., when the guard returned to the shop after inspecting other shops on the island, they were gone. Two iron bars and three heavy glass panes of a window in the shop had a hole 8+3⁄4 inches (22 cm) high and 18 inches (46 cm) long. Once through the window, they slipped down to the gate of a high wire fence during one of the heaviest fogs in years. With a wrench taken from the shop where they had been working they forced the gate lock and dropped twenty feet to the beach. Their trail vanished at that point. An exhaustive search of the island revealed nothing.

Roe and Cole used cans to keep afloat. Alvin Karpis watched them make their way into the unusually swift currents of the bay. Suddenly the 5-US-gallon (19 L) can which Roe was using as a float, shot straight up into the air. Roe was sucked beneath the surface. Cole was carried out by the rapid current towards the Golden Gate Bridge and met the same fate, according to Karpis. Karpis then decided never to attempt to escape from the prison by water.

Hampered by the thick fog, guards were able to turn up only one trace of the escapees: an abandoned wrench from the Mat Shop, which had been used to partially dismantle a gate on the outermost fence. An extensive, multi-day search ensued; portions of the island were flooded with tear gas in an attempt to flush out the escapees, with no result.

An investigation concluded that Cole and Roe had prepared for the escape well in advance, using a hacksaw blade to weaken the window bars and disguising the damage with a mixture of grease and shoe polish. After taking advantage of the fog, they entered the water, presumably relying on floats improvised from tires or fuel canisters. There was no evidence to suggest they had constructed or launched a raft.

Prison officials concluded that Cole and Roe drowned shortly after their escape. The swift ebb tides at the time, estimated at 7–9 knots, would have swept even an expert swimmer out of the bay and into the Pacific Ocean. The fog was so thick that it would have made it almost impossible for outside confederates to pick them up by boat, nor could the swimmers know whether or not they were swimming toward shore. It is most likely that Roe and Cole drowned, and that their bodies were swept out to sea with their floatation devices.

However, police departments in the surrounding counties and the FBI followed up every tip and rumor, with no success. In the following days, months and years, there were various reports of sightings, but their validity is unknown. Sightings included two hitchhikers, who claimed they had seen Roe and Cole and identified them to police by their photos. A San Francisco Chronicle reporter in 1941 declared that the pair were living in South America, and a cab driver in Cole's Oklahoma hometown of Seminole told police he had been shot by men he recognized as the two escapees. The Daily newspaper The Seminole Producer reported on June 7, 1939:

Ted Cole, former Seminole youth, who escaped from Alcatraz prison with Ralph Roe in 1937 today was sought here by federal agents, more than 18 months after prison officials said they believed he had drowned in San Francisco Bay.
The G-men here maintained their customary silence, but one Seminole man who had known both Cole and Roe at Leavenworth penitentiary said that he and other local residents had been questioned about the fugitives.
Sandy Hood, in charge of Federal Bureau of Investigation operations in the sector, and Officer Smith of the G-men were in this area presumably working on the case with local officers.

Oklahoma officers seemed intentionally to try to not identify the escapees as they continued their hijacking spree in the Seminole, Tecumseh and Shawnee Oklahoma area. The Seminole Producer reported on June 24, 1939:

(Seminole) Police Chief Jake Sims and the highway patrol that have linked Ralph Roe, Alcatraz fugitive to a Tecumseh hijacking, are taking their time, a check of the hijacking victims showed today.
At Oklahoma City, Mrs. Lois Daniels reported this noon that neither she nor her daughter, Mrs. E.J. Well, had been asked identify photographs of Roe. Mrs. Daniels saved $1,150 worth of rings by tossing them into the weeds while the hijacker took a $1,000 ring from Mrs. Well.
Ed Talley of Oklahoma City who lost two $20 bills to the hijackers also said that he had not been asked to identify the pictures of Roe.

External sources

• Bruce, J. Campbell (2005). Escape from Alcatraz. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-678-0.
• Ward, David; Kassebaum, Gene G. (2009). Alcatraz: The Gangster Years. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-25607-7.
• "Alcatraz Escape Attempts". AlcatrazHistory.com. Retrieved 3 July 2012.