Synonym

This article is about the general meaning of "synonym". For its use in biology, see Synonym (taxonomy).

Synonym list in cuneiform on a clay tablet, Neo-Assyrian period. Ref:K.4375 .

A synonym (also metonym and poecilonym) is a word with the same or similar meaning of another word. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. The word comes from Ancient Greek syn (σύν) ("with") and onoma (ὄνομα) ("name"). An example of synonyms are the words begin and commence. Likewise, if we talk about a long time or an extended time, long and extended become synonyms. In the figurative sense, two words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation:

...a widespread impression that ... Hollywood was synonymous with immorality...

— Doris Kearns Goodwin

Examples

Synonyms can be any part of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both words belong to the same part of speech. Here are more examples of English synonyms:

• verb
  • buy and purchase
• adjective
  • big and large
• adverb
  • quickly and speedily
• preposition
  • on and upon

Note that synonyms are defined with respect to certain senses of words; for instance, pupil as the aperture in the iris of the eye is not synonymous with student. Likewise, he expired means the same as he died, yet my passport has expired cannot be replaced by my passport has died.

In English, many synonyms emerged in the Middle Ages, after the Norman conquest of England. While England's new ruling class spoke Norman French, the lower classes continued to speak Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Thus, today we have synonyms like the Norman-derived people, liberty and archer, and the Saxon-derived folk, freedom and bowman. For more examples, see the list of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English.

Some lexicographers claim that no synonyms have exactly the same meaning (in all contexts or social levels of language) because etymology, orthography, phonic qualities, ambiguous meanings, usage, etc. make them unique. Different words that are similar in meaning usually differ for a reason: feline is more formal than cat; long and extended are only synonyms in one usage and not in others (for example, a long arm is not the same as an extended arm). Synonyms are also a source of euphemisms.

The purpose of a thesaurus is to offer the user a listing of similar or related words; these are often, but not always, synonyms.

Related terms

Antonyms are words with opposite or nearly opposite meanings. For example: hot ↔ cold, large ↔ small, thick ↔ thin, synonym ↔ antonym

Hypernyms and hyponyms are words that refer to, respectively, a general category and a specific instance of that category. For example, vehicle is a hypernym of car, and car is a hyponym of vehicle.

Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation, but different meanings. For example, witch and which are homophones in most accents (because they are pronounced the same).

Homographs are words that have the same spelling, but have different pronunciations. For example, one can record a song or keep a record of documents.

Homonyms are words that have the same pronunciation and spelling, but have different meanings. For example, rose (a type of flower) and rose (past tense of rise) are homonyms.

See also

• -onym
• Synonym ring
• Cognitive synonymy
• Elegant variation, the gratuitous use of a synonym in prose

External links

Tools which graph words relations :

• Graph Words - Online tool for visualization word relations
• Synonyms.net - Online reference resource that provides instant synonyms and antonyms definitions including visualizations, voice pronunciations and translations
• English/French Semantic Atlas - Graph words relations in English, French and gives cross representations for translations - offers 500 searches per user per day.

Plain words synonyms finder :

• Synonym Finder - Synonym finder including hypernyms in search result
• how to say - Online Synonym finder
• Synonymosum - Online Synonym Dictionary - words and their synonyms
• Thesaurus - Online synonyms in English, Italian, French and German
• Woxikon Synonyms - Over 1 million synonyms - English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish and Dutch
• Freedictionary.com Free online English thesaurus and dictionary containing synonyms, related words, antonyms, definitions, idioms and more
• Power Thesaurus - Thesaurus with synonyms ordered by rating
• FindMeWords Synonyms - Online Synonym Dictionary with definitions