Viva América: Difference between revisions

External audio
External audio
	You may listen to the chilian cueca dance La Palma as sung by Los Panchos Trio with Alfredo Antonini's Viva America Orchestra in 194? here

*Viva Amėrica*
Genre	Classical music; Popular music; Latin music; Bolero
Country of origin	United States
Language(s)	English, Spanish
Syndicates	CBS Network of the Americas
Starring	Alfredo Antonini; Juan Arvizu; Nestor Chaires; Eva Garza; Elsa Miranda; Los Panchos Trio ; Luis G. Roldan ; John Serry Sr.
Announcer	Harry Kramer
Produced by	Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
Executive producer(s)	Edmund Chester
Original release	1940 –; 1949
Sponsored by	Voice of America

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 04:55, 8 March 2019

Viva América was an American musical radio program which was broadcast live over the CBS radio network and to North and South America over the La Cadena de las Américas (Network of the Americas) during the 1940s (1942–1949) in support of Pan-Americanism during World War II.^[1] It was also broadcast for the benefit of members of the armed forces in Europe during World War II over the Armed Forces Network.^[2] All broadcasts of this program were supervised under the strict government supervision of the United States Department of State and the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA) as part of the United States Cultural Exchange Programs initiative authorized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (via Voice of America) during World War II through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) and the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs directed by Nelson Rockefeller.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] (See Cultural diplomacy)

Nelson Rockefeller - Coordinator of Inter-American Affaris (1940)
OCIAA-Nelson-Rockefeller

This imaginative program represented a unique collaboration between government and private industry during the turbulent World War II era in an effort to foster cultural exchanges and cultural diplomacy throughout the Americas as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy.^[9]^[10] It featured live performances of the CBS Pan American Orchestra under the musical direction of the noted conductor Alfredo Antonini.^[11]^[12] By 1945, performances by the orchestra on the CBS "La Cadena de los Americas" radio network were enjoyed by audiences in twenty Latin American nations and throughout North America.^[13]

Viva América was primarily conceived in an effort to foster benevolent diplomatic relations throughout the Americas during World War II by showcasing the talents of a wide variety of respected professional musicians from both North and South America. In this regard, it proved to be highly successful and functioned under the direct supervision of the Department of State as a cultural exchange program (as opposed to a propaganda program).^[14] The collaborative performances by musicians who were featured on the program also served to introduce large audiences in the United States to innovative forms of Latin music including the Mexican Bolero.^[15] Included among the renowned soloists were: Juan Arvizu (the Mexican "Tenor with the Silken Voice");^[16] Nestor Mesta Chayres (Mexican tenor - aka "El Gitano De México");^[17]^[18] Eva Garza (Mexican songstress);^[19]^[20]^[21] Terig Tucci, (Argentine composer/arranger)^[22] Miguel Sandoval (Guatemaian composer/conductor), Elsa Miranda (Puerto Rican Vocalist/Actress), Los Panchos Trio (Latin vocalists)^[23] and John Serry, Sr. (an American concert accordionist and featured soloist).^[24]^[25]

Broadcasts of this program were personally supervised by Edmund A. Chester, Vice President at the CBS network and Director of Latin-American Relations and Short Wave Broadcasting (1940 - 1948).^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30] Mr. Chester could often be found visiting the control room at the CBS broadcast studios in New York City in order to enjoy his series of live concerts and to exchange insights with his staff of musicians and recording artists. At the governmental level, they were closely monitored by the Office of Inter-American Affairs through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller and the Department of State.^[31]

The onset of the post World War II era precipitated the onset of the Cold War and the initiation of new governmental oversight of the broadcast industry. As a consequence of these developments, exclusive control for the La Cadena de las Americas was essentially transferred to the Department of State from Voice of America in 1948.^[32] As the focal point for American foreign policy shifted away from South America toward Europe broadcasts of this program were terminated (circa 1949) and the broadcasting links provided to South America by the Columbia Broadcast System CBS were eliminated..

Several historic master disk transcriptions of this program were recorded during live broadcasts and preserved on 78 RPM vinyl disks for Voice of America. They were archived by the Department of State until the 1970s and have since passed into private collections.

References

^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com
^ The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series Mackenzie, Harry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport CT, 1999 p. 21 ISBN 0-313-30812-8 ISBN 0-313-30812-8 Viva America on books.google.com
^ http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Viva+America
^ The New York Times, January 8, 1941, pg. 8
^ The New York Times, January 1, 1942, pg. 27
^ The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. SM10
^ The New York Times, February 28, 1943, pg. X9
^ The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27
^ Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors - Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012 p. 47- 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, Viva America and Alfredo Antonini on Books.Google.Com See Pg. 49
^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-158 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America and Eva Garza on google.books.com
^ The New York Times, June 9, 1946, pg. 49
^ The New York Times, November 5, 1983, pg. 34
^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com
^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America on google.books.com
^ Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 books.google.com See pg. 49
^ The New York Times, May 5, 1941, pg. 32
^ http://www.bassanonline.com/1946-Nestor-Chayres-photo,i180061834647,c108730.html
^ The New York Times April 23, 1944, pg X5
^ The New York Times, January 23, 1944, pg. X9
^ The Strachwitz Frontera collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings- Eva Garza Biography on frontera.library.ucla.edu
^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 155-157 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 Eva Garza and Viva America on google.books.com
^ The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27
^ La Palma;Rosa Negra Alfredo Antonini - Conductor with the Viva America Orchestra and Los Panchos Trio (194?) on Archive.org
^ A Pictorial History of Radio, Settel Irving Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, New York, 1960 & 1967, Pg. 146, Library of Congress #67-23789
^ Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 books.google.com See pg. 49
^ Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), Edmund Chester, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com
^ The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. sm10
^ The New York Times, October 16, 1973, pg. 46
^ Time, June 1, 1942
^ Time, March 2, 1942
^ Anthony, Edwin D. Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. National Archives and Record Services - General Services Administration Washington D.C., 1937 p. 25-26 Library of Congress Catalog No. 73-600146 Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs - Radio Division at the U.S. National Archive on www.archives.gov
^ The New York Times, July 2, 1948, pg. 1

External links

[1] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com

[2] The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series Mackenzie, Harry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport CT, 1999 p. 21 ISBN 0-313-30812-8 ISBN 0-313-30812-8 Viva America on books.google.com

[3] ttp://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Viva+America

[4] The New York Times, January 8, 1941, pg. 8

[5] The New York Times, January 1, 1942, pg. 27

[6] The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. SM10

[7] The New York Times, February 28, 1943, pg. X9

[8] The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27

[9] Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors - Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012 p. 47- 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, Viva America and Alfredo Antonini on Books.Google.Com See Pg. 49

[10] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-158 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America and Eva Garza on google.books.com

[11] The New York Times, June 9, 1946, pg. 49

[12] The New York Times, November 5, 1983, pg. 34

[13] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com

[14] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America on google.books.com

[15] Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 books.google.com See pg. 49

[16] The New York Times, May 5, 1941, pg. 32

[17] ttp://www.bassanonline.com/1946-Nestor-Chayres-photo,i180061834647,c108730.html

[18] The New York Times April 23, 1944, pg X5

[19] The New York Times, January 23, 1944, pg. X9

[20] The Strachwitz Frontera collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings- Eva Garza Biography on frontera.library.ucla.edu

[21] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 155-157 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 Eva Garza and Viva America on google.books.com

[22] The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27

[23] La Palma;Rosa Negra Alfredo Antonini - Conductor with the Viva America Orchestra and Los Panchos Trio (194?) on Archive.org

[24] A Pictorial History of Radio, Settel Irving Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, New York, 1960 & 1967, Pg. 146, Library of Congress #67-23789

[25] Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 ISBN 978-0-8229-6187-1 books.google.com See pg. 49

[26] Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 ISBN 978-0-8166-7316-2 OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), Edmund Chester, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com

[27] The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. sm10

[28] The New York Times, October 16, 1973, pg. 46

[29] Time, June 1, 1942

[30] Time, March 2, 1942

[31] Anthony, Edwin D. Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. National Archives and Record Services - General Services Administration Washington D.C., 1937 p. 25-26 Library of Congress Catalog No. 73-600146 Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs - Radio Division at the U.S. National Archive on www.archives.gov

[32] The New York Times, July 2, 1948, pg. 1

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
+{{Short description|Former radio network supporting pan-Americanism}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}
 {{infobox radio show
 |name = ''Viva Amėrica''
@@ Line 16: / Line 19: @@
 {{italic title}}
-'''''Viva América''''' was an [[United States|American]] musical radio program which was broadcast live over the [[CBS]] [[radio network]] and to North and [[South America]] over the [[La Cadena de las Américas]] (Network of the Americas) during the 1940s (1942–1949) in support of [[Pan-Americanism]] during World War II.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com]</ref> It was also broadcast for the benefit of members of the armed forces in Europe during World War II over the [[Armed Forces Network]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L3WyZ9A4_XEC&pg=PA198&dq=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGr83up4bdAhUGy1kKHTBxDZMQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=VIva%20America&f=false ''The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series'' Mackenzie, Harry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport CT, 1999 p. 21 {{ISBN|0-313-30812-8}}  Viva America on books.google.com]</ref> All broadcasts of this program were supervised under the strict government supervision of the [[United States Department of State]] and the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] (OCIAA) as part of the [[United States Cultural Exchange Programs]] initiative authorized by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (via [[Voice of America]]) during [[World War II]] through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) and the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] directed by [[Nelson Rockefeller]].<ref>http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Viva+America</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 8, 1941, pg. 8</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 1, 1942, pg. 27</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', May 10, 1942, pg. SM10</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', February 28, 1943, pg. X9</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 18, 1942, pg. 27</ref>
+'''''Viva América''''' was an [[United States|American]] musical radio program which was broadcast live over the [[CBS]] [[radio network]] and to North and [[South America]] over the [[La Cadena de las Américas]] (Network of the Americas) during the 1940s (1942–1949) in support of [[Pan-Americanism]] during World War II.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com</span></ref> It was also broadcast for the benefit of members of the armed forces in Europe during World War II over the [[Armed Forces Network]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L3WyZ9A4_XEC&pg=PA198&dq=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGr83up4bdAhUGy1kKHTBxDZMQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=VIva%20America&f=false ''The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series'' Mackenzie, Harry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport CT, 1999 p. 21 {{ISBN|0-313-30812-8}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-313-30812-8|0-313-30812-8]]<span>  Viva America on books.google.com</span></ref> All broadcasts of this program were supervised under the strict government supervision of the [[United States Department of State]] and the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] (OCIAA) as part of the [[United States Cultural Exchange Programs]] initiative authorized by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (via [[Voice of America]]) during [[World War II]] through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) and the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] directed by [[Nelson Rockefeller]].<ref>http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Viva+America</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 8, 1941, pg. 8</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 1, 1942, pg. 27</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', May 10, 1942, pg. SM10</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', February 28, 1943, pg. X9</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', January 18, 1942, pg. 27</ref>
 (''See [[Cultural diplomacy]]'')
 [[File:OCIAA-Nelson-Rockefeller.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nelson Rockefeller]] - Coordinator of Inter-American Affaris (1940)<br>OCIAA-Nelson-Rockefeller]]
-This imaginative program represented a unique collaboration between government and private industry during the turbulent [[World War II]] era in an effort to foster cultural exchanges and [[cultural diplomacy]] throughout the Americas as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's [[Good Neighbor policy]].<ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors - Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012 p. 47- 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, Viva America and Alfredo Antonini on Books.Google.Com See Pg. 49]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Viva%20America&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-158 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America and Eva Garza on google.books.com]</ref> It featured live performances of the [[CBS Pan American Orchestra]] under the musical direction of the noted conductor [[Alfredo Antonini]].<ref>''The New York Times, June 9, 1946, pg. 49</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', November 5, 1983, pg. 34</ref>  By 1945, performances by the orchestra on the CBS "La Cadena de los Americas" radio network were enjoyed by audiences in twenty Latin American nations and throughout North America.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com]</ref>
+This imaginative program represented a unique collaboration between government and private industry during the turbulent [[World War II]] era in an effort to foster cultural exchanges and [[cultural diplomacy]] throughout the Americas as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's [[Good Neighbor policy]].<ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors - Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012 p. 47- 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, Viva America and Alfredo Antonini on Books.Google.Com See Pg. 49]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Viva%20America&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-158 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America and Eva Garza on google.books.com</span></ref> It featured live performances of the [[CBS Pan American Orchestra]] under the musical direction of the noted conductor [[Alfredo Antonini]].<ref>''The New York Times, June 9, 1946, pg. 49</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', November 5, 1983, pg. 34</ref>  By 1945, performances by the orchestra on the CBS "La Cadena de los Americas" radio network were enjoyed by audiences in twenty Latin American nations and throughout North America.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com</span></ref>
-Viva América was primarily conceived in an effort to foster benevolent diplomatic relations throughout the [[Americas]] during [[World War II]] by showcasing the talents of a wide variety of respected professional musicians from both North and South America. In this regard, it proved to be highly successful and functioned under the direct supervision of the Department of State as a cultural exchange program (as opposed to a propaganda program).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America on google.books.com]</ref> The collaborative performances by musicians who were featured on the program also served to introduce large audiences in the United States to innovative forms of Latin music including the Mexican [[Bolero]].<ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false books.google.com See pg. 49]</ref> Included among the renowned soloists were: [[Juan Arvizu]] (the [[Mexican people|Mexican]] "Tenor with the Silken Voice");<ref>''The New York Times'', May 5, 1941, pg. 32</ref> [[Nestor Mesta Chayres]] ([[Mexican people|Mexican]] tenor - aka "El Gitano De México");<ref>http://www.bassanonline.com/1946-Nestor-Chayres-photo,i180061834647,c108730.html</ref><ref>''The New York Times'' April 23, 1944, pg X5</ref> [[Eva Garza]] ([[Mexican people|Mexican]] songstress);<ref>''The New York Times'', January 23, 1944, pg. X9</ref><ref>[http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/blog/2016/04/artist-biography-eva-garza ''The Strachwitz Frontera collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings''-  Eva Garza Biography on frontera.library.ucla.edu]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Viva%20America&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 155-157 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} Eva Garza and Viva America on google.books.com]</ref> [[Terig Tucci]], ([[Argentina|Argentine]] composer/arranger)<ref>''The New York Times'', January 18, 1942, pg. 27</ref>  [[Miguel Sandoval (composer)|Miguel Sandoval]] (Guatemaian composer/conductor), [[Elsa Miranda]] (Puerto Rican Vocalist/Actress), [[Los Panchos|Los Panchos Trio]] (Latin vocalists)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/78_rosa-negra_alfredo-antonini-and-his-viva-america-orchestra-los-panchos-trio_gbia0030808 ''La Palma'';''Rosa Negra'' Alfredo Antonini - Conductor with the Viva America Orchestra and Los Panchos Trio (194?) on Archive.org]</ref> and [[John Serry, Sr.]] (an [[United States|American]] concert accordionist and featured soloist).<ref>''A Pictorial History of Radio'', Settel Irving Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, New York, 1960 & 1967, Pg. 146, Library of Congress #67-23789</ref><ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false books.google.com See pg. 49]</ref>
+Viva América was primarily conceived in an effort to foster benevolent diplomatic relations throughout the [[Americas]] during [[World War II]] by showcasing the talents of a wide variety of respected professional musicians from both North and South America. In this regard, it proved to be highly successful and functioned under the direct supervision of the Department of State as a cultural exchange program (as opposed to a propaganda program).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America on google.books.com</span></ref> The collaborative performances by musicians who were featured on the program also served to introduce large audiences in the United States to innovative forms of Latin music including the Mexican [[Bolero]].<ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false books.google.com See pg. 49]</ref> Included among the renowned soloists were: [[Juan Arvizu]] (the [[Mexican people|Mexican]] "Tenor with the Silken Voice");<ref>''The New York Times'', May 5, 1941, pg. 32</ref> [[Nestor Mesta Chayres]] ([[Mexican people|Mexican]] tenor - aka "El Gitano De México");<ref>http://www.bassanonline.com/1946-Nestor-Chayres-photo,i180061834647,c108730.html</ref><ref>''The New York Times'' April 23, 1944, pg X5</ref> [[Eva Garza]] ([[Mexican people|Mexican]] songstress);<ref>''The New York Times'', January 23, 1944, pg. X9</ref><ref>[http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/blog/2016/04/artist-biography-eva-garza ''The Strachwitz Frontera collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings''-  Eva Garza Biography on frontera.library.ucla.edu]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Viva%20America&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 155-157 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> Eva Garza and Viva America on google.books.com</span></ref> [[Terig Tucci]], ([[Argentina|Argentine]] composer/arranger)<ref>''The New York Times'', January 18, 1942, pg. 27</ref>  [[Miguel Sandoval (composer)|Miguel Sandoval]] (Guatemaian composer/conductor), [[Elsa Miranda]] (Puerto Rican Vocalist/Actress), [[Los Panchos|Los Panchos Trio]] (Latin vocalists)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/78_rosa-negra_alfredo-antonini-and-his-viva-america-orchestra-los-panchos-trio_gbia0030808 ''La Palma'';''Rosa Negra'' Alfredo Antonini - Conductor with the Viva America Orchestra and Los Panchos Trio (194?) on Archive.org]</ref> and [[John Serry, Sr.]] (an [[United States|American]] concert accordionist and featured soloist).<ref>''A Pictorial History of Radio'', Settel Irving Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, New York, 1960 & 1967, Pg. 146, Library of Congress #67-23789</ref><ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Alfredo+Antonini+Elsa+Miranda&source=bl&ots=0QO5CA2OqH&sig=hFsApCcT681beYgWl_JZnVvINZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nbSWnpTWAhVE34MKHReZCrsQ6AEIQzAK#v=onepage&q=Alfredo%20Antonini%20Elsa%20Miranda&f=false books.google.com See pg. 49]</ref>
 {{ external media | align = center |audio1 = You may listen to the chilian cueca dance ''La Palma'' as sung by [[Los Panchos]] Trio with [[Alfredo Antonini]]'s ''Viva America Orchestra'' in 194? [https://archive.org/details/78_rosa-negra_alfredo-antonini-and-his-viva-america-orchestra-los-panchos-trio_gbia0030808/04+-+Rosa+Negra+-+Alfredo+Antonini+and+His+Viva+America+Orchestra.flac '''here''']}}
-Broadcasts of this program were personally supervised by [[Edmund A. Chester]], Vice President at the [[CBS]] network and Director of Latin-American Relations and Short Wave Broadcasting (1940 - 1948).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), Edmund Chester, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com]</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', May 10, 1942, pg. sm10</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', October 16, 1973, pg. 46</ref><ref>''Time'', June 1, 1942</ref><ref>''Time'', March 2, 1942</ref> Mr. Chester could often be found visiting the control room at the [[CBS]] broadcast studios in [[New York City]] in order to enjoy his series of live concerts and to exchange insights with his staff of musicians and recording artists.  At the governmental level, they were closely monitored by the Office of Inter-American Affairs through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) under the direction of [[Nelson Rockefeller]] and the [[Department of State]].<ref>Anthony, Edwin D. Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. National Archives and Record Services - General Services Administration Washington D.C., 1937 p. 25-26 Library of Congress Catalog No. 73-600146 [https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/related-records/rg-229-inter-american-affairs.pdf Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs - Radio Division  at the U.S. National Archive on www.archives.gov]</ref>
+Broadcasts of this program were personally supervised by [[Edmund A. Chester]], Vice President at the [[CBS]] network and Director of Latin-American Relations and Short Wave Broadcasting (1940 - 1948).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&pg=PA166&dq=Eva+Garza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXg_qkiPnZAhVFPN8KHbynAMAQ6AEILTAB#v=snippet&q=ociaa&f=false ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155 {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}}][[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7316-2|978-0-8166-7316-2]]<span> OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), Edmund Chester, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, Viva America, La Cadena de las Americas on google.books.com</span></ref><ref>''The New York Times'', May 10, 1942, pg. sm10</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', October 16, 1973, pg. 46</ref><ref>''Time'', June 1, 1942</ref><ref>''Time'', March 2, 1942</ref> Mr. Chester could often be found visiting the control room at the [[CBS]] broadcast studios in [[New York City]] in order to enjoy his series of live concerts and to exchange insights with his staff of musicians and recording artists.  At the governmental level, they were closely monitored by the Office of Inter-American Affairs through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) under the direction of [[Nelson Rockefeller]] and the [[Department of State]].<ref>Anthony, Edwin D. Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. National Archives and Record Services - General Services Administration Washington D.C., 1937 p. 25-26 Library of Congress Catalog No. 73-600146 [https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/related-records/rg-229-inter-american-affairs.pdf Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs - Radio Division  at the U.S. National Archive on www.archives.gov]</ref>
 The onset of the post World War II era precipitated the onset of the [[Cold War]] and the initiation of new governmental oversight of the broadcast industry. As a consequence of these developments, exclusive control for the [[La Cadena de las Americas]] was essentially transferred to the Department of State from Voice of America in 1948.<ref>''The New York Times'', July 2, 1948, pg. 1</ref> As the focal point for American foreign policy shifted away from [[South America]] toward [[Europe]] broadcasts of this program were terminated (circa 1949) and the broadcasting links provided to South America by the Columbia Broadcast System [[CBS]] were eliminated..