Logical Investigations (Husserl): Difference between revisions
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* {{cite web |last1=Monk|first1=Ray |date=September 21, 2016| url = http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2016/09/philosophy-sartre-blend-uncovering-birth-existentialism| title = Philosophy, the Sartre blend: uncovering the birth of existentialism |newspaper=[[New Statesman]] |accessdate =22 September 2016 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite web |last1=Monk|first1=Ray |date=September 21, 2016| url = http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2016/09/philosophy-sartre-blend-uncovering-birth-existentialism| title = Philosophy, the Sartre blend: uncovering the birth of existentialism |newspaper=[[New Statesman]] |accessdate =22 September 2016 |ref=harv}} |
Revision as of 23:07, 28 March 2019
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Author | Edmund Husserl |
---|---|
Original title | Logische Untersuchungen |
Translator | J. N. Findlay |
Language | German |
Subjects | Logic, epistemology |
Published |
|
Publication place | Germany |
Media type | |
ISBN | 978-0415241892 (vol. 1) 978-0415241908 (vol. 2) |
Logical Investigations (German: Logische Untersuchungen) is a work of philosophy by Edmund Husserl, published in two volumes in 1900 and 1901, with a second edition in 1913 and 1921. In Logical Investigations, which resulted from a shift in Husserl's interests from mathematics to logic and the creation of epistemology, Husserl maintains that mathematical laws are not empirical laws that describe the workings of the mind, but ideal laws whose necessity is intuited a priori. Though Husserl abandoned psychologism, the doctrine according to which logical entities such as propositions, universals, and numbers can be reduced to mental states or activities, in Logical Investigations, some commentators have seen a revival of psychologism in its second volume. Logical Investigations gave birth to phenomenology, and has been credited with making twentieth century continental philosophy relevant. Martin Heidegger was among the philosophers influenced by the work. An English translation of the second edition, by the philosopher J. N. Findlay, was published in 1970. The Logical Investigations are the epistemological foundations of modern Artificial Intelligence providing a compelling mathematical framework going beyond Cartesian Newtonian Logical thought structuring axioms. They offer instead a new scientific method that can be applied to things such as genetic testing research as well as coding architectures suited for Quantum Computing.
Background
Between 1890 and 1900, Husserl's philosophical interests expanded from mathematics to a concern with logic and epistemology. Logical Investigations was the culmination of this development.[1] In this work, Husserl gave a new account of mathematics, one opposed to his previous views, which had been influenced by the psychologism of the late 19th century. Husserl's view in Logical Investigations, which may have been influenced by Gottlob Frege's criticism of Husserl's Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891), was that mathematical laws are not empirical laws that describe the workings of the mind, but ideal laws whose necessity is intuited a priori.[2]
Influence and reception
Husserl's first major work,[3] Logical Investigations has been credited with making twentieth century continental philosophy possible. According to Donn Welton, Husserl introduced a novel conception of the relationships between language and experience, meaning and reference, and subject and object, and by attempting to integrate a theory of meaning with a theory of truth, and a theory of the subject with a theory of the object, helped create phenomenology, a new form of philosophy that went beyond systems such as psychologism, formalism, realism, idealism, objectivism and subjectivism.[4] Martin Heidegger studied Logical Investigations while a student at the Collegium Borromaeum (Freiburg im Breisgau) , where they were so rarely requested from the university library that Heidegger was easily able to renew them.[5] Heidegger had expected that Logical Investigations would, like Carl Braig's On Being and other works Heidegger had already studied, shed light on the multiple meanings of being, but he was disappointed. Nevertheless, the work impressed Heidegger and convinced him to study philosophy. Especially important for Heidegger was the sixth of the Logical Investigations, in which Husserl distinguishes between "sensuous" and "categorical" intuition.[6] Heidegger, like Theodor W. Adorno, believed that the second volume of Logical Investigations marked an apparent revival of psychologism, which puzzled him.[7] In Being and Time (1927), Heidegger credited Husserl's Logical Investigations with making his work possible.[8]
The German philosopher Emil Lask was also influenced by Logical Investigations. Heidegger credited Lask with being the only person who had taken up Husserl's investigations "positively from outside the mainstream of phenomenological research", pointing to Lask's Die Logik der Philosophie und die Kategorienlehre (1911) and Die Lehre vom Urteil (1912).[9] Jacques Derrida, who studied Husserl's Logical Investigations as a student in the 1950s,[10] offered a critique of Husserl's work in Speech and Phenomena (1967).[11] Judith Butler commented in the preface to the second edition of Subjects of Desire that "a grammar that is preconceived to express logical relations" is the "conceit" of Logical Investigations, which she compared to the early work of Ludwig Wittgenstein.[12]
Robert Sokolowski criticized the first edition of Logical Investigations for sharply distinguishing between things as they appear and the thing in itself in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (1995). He found that view similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Sokolowski notes that between 1900 and 1910, Husserl abandoned the Kantian distinctions made in Logical Investigations. According to Sokolowski, when Husserl expressed a new position in Ideas (1913), he was misinterpreted as adopting a traditional idealism and "many thinkers who admired Husserl's earlier work distanced themselves from what he now taught."[1] Derrida's biographer Jason Powell described the analyses of signs and meaning in Logical Investigations as "rigorous and abstract", "scrupulous", but also "tedious".[10] The philosopher Ray Monk wrote that Logical Investigations is "made almost impenetrable by the obscurity of Husserl’s prose", adding that Bertrand Russell described trying to read the work as "very much like trying to swallow a whale".[13]
Referencing
The A numbers used as standard references refer to the page numbers of the first edition of the Logische Untersuchungen (1900/01), while the B numbers refer to the page numbers of the second edition.[14]
References
Footnotes
- ^ a b Sokolowski 1999, p. 404.
- ^ Mautner 2000, pp. 259–260.
- ^ Wagner 1983, p. 215.
- ^ Welton 1999, pp. ix, x.
- ^ Ott 1994, p. 57.
- ^ Krell 1993, pp. 7, 12–13.
- ^ Inwood 2005, p. 409.
- ^ Heidegger 2008, p. 62.
- ^ Heidegger 2008, p. 494.
- ^ a b Powell 2006, p. 25.
- ^ Derrida 1989, p. 3.
- ^ Butler 1999, p. xi.
- ^ Monk 2016.
- ^ Smith 1989, pp. 29–67.
Bibliography
- Books
- Butler, Judith (1999). Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-06451-9.
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(help) - Derrida, Jacques (1989). Speech and Phenomena: And Other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-0590-X.
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(help) - Heidegger, Martin (2008). Being and Time. New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-0-06-157559-4.
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(help) - Inwood, M. J.; Honderich, Ted, Editor (2005). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926479-1.
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Krell, David Farrell; Heidegger, Martin (1993). Martin Heidegger: Basic Writings. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-063763-3.
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(help) - Mautner, Thomas (2000). Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-140-51250-0.
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(help) - Ott, Hugo (1994). Martin Heidegger: A Political Life. London: Fontana Press. ISBN 0-00-686187-3.
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(help) - Powell, Jason (2006). Jacques Derrida: A Biography. London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-9449-8.
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(help) - Smith, Barry; Mohanty, J. N., Editor; McKenna, William R., Editor (1989). Husserl's Phenomenology: A Textbook. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America. ISBN 0819175307.
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Sokolowski, Robert; Audi, Robert, Editor (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63722-8.
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Wagner, Helmut R. (1983). Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-world: An Introductory Study. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 0-88864-032-3.
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(help) - Welton, Donn; Husserl, Edmund (1999). The Essential Husserl. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-25321273-1.
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- Online articles
- Munch Dieter, (2014)The Early Work of Husserl and Artificial Intelligence, Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology
- Monk, Ray (September 21, 2016). "Philosophy, the Sartre blend: uncovering the birth of existentialism". New Statesman. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
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External links
- Logische Untersuchungen: Erster Theil – original text in German at archive.org
- Logische Untersuchungen: Zweiter Theil – original text in German at archive.org