Ciguatoxin: Difference between revisions
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==Toxic effect== |
==Toxic effect== |
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Some ciguatoxins lower the threshold for opening voltage-gated [[sodium channel]]s in [[synapses]] of the [[nervous system]]. Opening a sodium channel causes [[depolarization]], which could sequentially cause paralysis, heart contraction, and changing the senses of heat and cold. Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as [[ciguatera]]. |
Some ciguatoxins lower the threshold a si que chupenme el peazo pico for opening voltage-gated [[sodium channel]]s in [[synapses]] of the [[nervous system]]. Opening a sodium channel causes [[depolarization]], which could sequentially cause paralysis, heart contraction, and changing the senses of heat and cold. Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as [[ciguatera]]. |
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Ciguatoxins are [[lipophillic]], able to cross the blood brain barrier, and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms. |
Ciguatoxins are [[lipophillic]], able to cross the blood brain barrier, and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms. |
Revision as of 22:37, 28 August 2019
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2015) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ciguatoxin.svg/300px-Ciguatoxin.svg.png)
Ciguatoxins are a class of toxic polycyclic polyethers found in fish that cause ciguatera.
There are several different chemicals in this class. "CTX" is often used as an abbreviation.
- CID 5311333 from PubChem - Ciguatoxin 1
- CID 6441260 from PubChem - Ciguatoxin 2
- CID 6444399 from PubChem - Ciguatoxin 3
- CID 6450530 from PubChem - Ciguatoxin 4B (Gambiertoxin 4b)
Toxic effect
Some ciguatoxins lower the threshold a si que chupenme el peazo pico for opening voltage-gated sodium channels in synapses of the nervous system. Opening a sodium channel causes depolarization, which could sequentially cause paralysis, heart contraction, and changing the senses of heat and cold. Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as ciguatera.
Ciguatoxins are lipophillic, able to cross the blood brain barrier, and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms.
The major symptoms will develop within 1-3 hours of toxin ingestion: vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of extremities, mouth and lips, reversal of hot and cold sensation, muscle and joint aches. The symptoms may last from days to weeks or even months depending on each individual situation. There is no known antidote, though several therapeutic targets have been identified.[1][2]
Bioaccumulation
Ciguatoxin is produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a type of dinoflagellate. The toxin usually accumulates in the skin, head, viscera, and roe of big reef fish like grouper, wrasse, triggerfish, lionfish, and amberjack.
Ciguatoxin cannot be destroyed by cooking.[3] Rapid testing for this toxin in food is not standard.
See also
References
- ^ Vetter I, Touska F, Hess A, Hinsbey R, Sattler S, Lampert A, Sergejeva M, Sharov A, Collins LS, Eberhardt M, Engel M, Cabot PJ, Wood JN, Vlachová V, Reeh PW, Lewis RJ, Zimmermann K (October 2012). "Ciguatoxins activate specific cold pain pathways to elicit burning pain from cooling". The EMBO Journal. 31 (19): 3795–808. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.207. PMC 3463840. PMID 22850668.
- ^ Patel R, Brice NL, Lewis RJ, Dickenson AH (December 2015). "Ionic mechanisms of spinal neuronal cold hypersensitivity in ciguatera". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 42 (11): 3004–11. doi:10.1111/ejn.13098. PMC 4744673. PMID 26454262.
- ^ Swift AE, Swift TR (2008). "Ciguatera". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 31 (1): 1–29. doi:10.3109/15563659309000371. PMID 8433404.
External links
- Ciguatoxins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)