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Importing Wikidata short description: "The national police force of Papua New Guinea." (Shortdesc helper)
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{{short description|The national police force of Papua New Guinea.}}
{{Infobox Law enforcement agency
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| doc = do not automatically categorize
| agencyname = Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
| agencyname = Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
| nativenamer =
| nativenamer =
| patch =
| patch =
| patchcaption =
| patchcaption =
| logo = Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary logo.jpg
| logo = Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary logo.jpg
| logo_width = 90
| badge =
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| badgecaption =
| motto = "Securing A Safer Community"
| motto = "Securing A Safer Community"
| formedyear = ca. 1950
| formedyear = {{circa|1950}}
| preceding1 = Royal Papuan Constabulary
| preceding1 = Royal Papuan Constabulary
| preceding2 = New Guinea Police Force
| preceding2 = New Guinea Police Force
| employees =
| employees =
| budget =
| budget =
| country = Papua New Guinea
| country = Papua New Guinea
| national = Yes
| national = Yes
| governingbody = Government of Papua New Guinea
| governingbody = Government of Papua New Guinea
| constitution1 =
| constitution1 =
| constitution2 =
| constitution2 =
| police = Yes
| police = Yes
| local = Yes
| local = Yes
| headquarters = [[Port Moresby]], [[Papua New Guinea]]
| headquarters = [[Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea]]
| sworn = 4800 <ref name="urltravStateGov">{{cite web
| sworn = 4800 <ref name="urltravStateGov">{{cite web
|url=http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1757.html
|url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1757.html
|title=Primer on Personal Security in Papua New Guinea
|title=Primer on Personal Security in Papua New Guinea
|work=travel.state.gov
|work=travel.state.gov
Line 30: Line 29:
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate=2008-11-15
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
| unsworn =
| unsworn =
| electeetype = Minister
| electeetype = Minister
| minister1name = Sami Rambi
| minister1name = Bryan Kramer
| minister1pfo = Internal Security
| minister1pfo = Ministry of Police
| chief1name = Gari Baki<ref name="urlPNGlajCom">{{cite web
| chief1name = David Manning, CSTJ, QPM<ref name="urlPNGlajCom">{{cite web
|url=http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/145-the-commissioner.asp
|url=http://www.pina.com.fj/?p=pacnews&m=read&o=1587257543555004f9f23625a46f55
|title=It won’t be easy, new PNG police chief admits
|title=Government of Papua New Guinea Law and Justice Sector &mdash; The Commissioner
|format=
|format=
|work=Pina
⚫
|work=Law and Justice Sector website
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate=2016-01-05
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
| chief1position = Commissioner of Police
| chief1position = Commissioner of Police
| unittype =
| unittype =
| unitname =
| unitname =
| officetype =
| officetype =
| officename =
| officename =
| stations =
| stations =
| website = [http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/145-the-commissioner.asp Law and Justice site, Commissioner page]
| website = {{url|www.rpngc.gov.pg}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| reference =
| reference =
}}
}}



The '''Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC)''' is a national police force with jurisdiction throughout all of [[Papua New Guinea]].
The '''Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC)''' is a national police force with jurisdiction throughout all of [[Papua New Guinea]].
Line 57: Line 55:
==History==
==History==
The RPNGC was formed from two predecessor bodies that existed prior to the independence of Papua New Guinea.
The RPNGC was formed from two predecessor bodies that existed prior to the independence of Papua New Guinea.
The Royal Papuan Constabulary, initially established by the [[Australian]] colonial administration as part of setting up [[Papua (Australian territory)|Papua]] in the late 19th century, and the New Guinea Police Force which covered the former [[German New Guinea]] and [[British New Guinea]] also set up by Australia, initially during World War I and formalized as part of the [[League of Nations]] mandate of 1920.
The Royal Papuan Constabulary, initially established by the [[Australian]] colonial administration as part of setting up [[Papua (Australian territory)|Papua]] in the late 19th century, and the New Guinea Police Force which covered the former [[German New Guinea]] and [[British New Guinea]] also set up by Australia, initially during World War I and formalized as part of the [[League of Nations]] mandate of 1920.


The constabulary played a significant role resisting the Japanese occupation of New Guinea during World War II. The two colonial territories were gradually amalgamated during and after World War II leading to the merger of the two forces. <ref name="urlDang">{{cite web
The constabulary played a significant role resisting the Japanese occupation of New Guinea during World War II. For example, the [[Lae War Cemetery]] holds the names of 13 police officers (panel 8) who died during the war.
The two colonial territories were gradually amalgamated during and after World War II leading to the merger of the two forces.<ref name="urlDang">{{cite web
|url=http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/policewomen/dang.pdf
|url=http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/policewomen/dang.pdf
|title=Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary policewomen in PNG 1977&ndash;96 [Conference Paper]
|title=Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary policewomen in PNG 1977–96 [Conference Paper]
|format=pdf
|format=pdf
|date=1996-07-31
|date=1996-07-31
Line 69: Line 69:


==Special language==
==Special language==
The RPNGC is known for the historic use of [[Police Motu]], a [[lingua franca]] [[pidgin]] variant of the [[Motu]] language. During the colonial period, personnel needed to effectively administer the colony were scarce, so the colonial government recruited constables from the various Papua New Guinean peoples and nearby islands such as [[Fiji]] and the [[Solomon Islands]]. These recruits may have spoken any of about 700&ndash;800 different indigenous languages. To aid in communication, a common language was needed and the Police Motu pidgin arose. <ref name="urlPacLang">
The RPNGC is known for the historic use of [[Police Motu]], a [[lingua franca]] [[pidgin]] variant of the [[Motu language]]. During the colonial period, personnel needed to effectively administer the colony were scarce, so the colonial government recruited constables from the various Papua New Guinean peoples and nearby islands such as [[Fiji]] and the [[Solomon Islands]]. These recruits may have spoken any of about 700–800 different indigenous languages. To aid in communication, a common language was needed and the Police Motu pidgin arose.<ref name="urlPacLang">
{{cite book |title=Pacific Languages: An Introduction |last=Lynch|first=John|year=1998 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=9780824818982 |pages=233 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zYfV1jN3whUC&printsec=frontcover#PPA233,M|accessdate=2008-11-15
{{cite book |title=Pacific Languages: An Introduction |last=Lynch|first=John|year=1998 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1898-2 |pages=233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYfV1jN3whUC&printsec=frontcover#PPA233,M|accessdate=2008-11-15
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The language was widely used not just by police but also by colonial administrators.
The language was widely used not just by police but also by colonial administrators.
<ref name="urlAtLang"> {{cite book
<ref name="urlAtLang">{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oCx0D0iE2QoC&printsec=frontcover#PPA458,M1
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCx0D0iE2QoC&printsec=frontcover#PPA458,M1
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas |last=Wurm|first=Stephen Adolphe|coauthors=Peter Mühlhäusler, Darrell T. Tyron, Darrell T. Tryon |year=1996 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9783110134179 |pages=458 }}
|title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas |last=Wurm|first=Stephen Adolphe |author2=Peter Mühlhäusler |author3=[[Darrell Tryon|Darrell T. Tryon]] |year=1996 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-013417-9 |pages=458 }}</ref> It was renamed [[Hiri Motu]] in the 1970s, due to the connotations of the word "police"<ref name="urlPacLang"/> and became one of the official languages of Papua New Guinea.
}}</ref> It was renamed [[Hiri Motu]] in the 1970s, due to the connotations of the word "police"<ref name="urlPacLang"/> and became one of the official languages of Papua New Guinea.


==Organization==
==Organization==
[[Image:057608.jpg|thumb|right|September, 1943 &mdash; [[Battle of Kaiapit]] &mdash; "Yarawa" (left) of the Royal Papuan Constabulary is congratulated for single-handedly capturing a Japanese sergeant by Brigadier [[Ivan Dougherty|I. N. Dougherty]] (center) and WO2 L. P. Seale of [[ANGAU]] (right)]]
[[File:Yarawa of the Royal Papuan Constabulary.jpg|thumb|right|September, 1943 — [[Battle of Kaiapit]] — "Yarawa" (left) of the Royal Papuan Constabulary is congratulated for single-handedly capturing a Japanese sergeant by Brigadier [[Ivan Dougherty|I. N. Dougherty]] (center) and WO2 L. P. Seale of [[ANGAU]] (right)]]
The RPNGC is part of the Law and Justice Sector of the government of Papua New Guinea. It is headquartered in Konedobu, a suburb of [[Port Moresby]], the capital city, in the National Capital District. As of 2008, the Police Commissioner is Gari Baki, with several Deputy Commissioners having responsibility for organizational functions and regions.
The RPNGC is part of the Law and Justice Sector of the government of Papua New Guinea. It is headquartered in Konedobu, a suburb of [[Port Moresby]], the capital city, in the National Capital District. As of 2008, the Police Commissioner is Gari Baki, with several Deputy Commissioners having responsibility for organizational functions and regions.


The RPNGC has been aided in the past by various Australian initiatives, including supplying police forces and providing hundreds of millions of Australian dollars in assistance with budget, equipment and staffing. This aid is governed under the 1989 Treaty on Development Cooperation and has been carried out in several 5 year phases.
The RPNGC has been aided in the past by various Australian initiatives, including supplying police forces and providing hundreds of millions of Australian dollars in assistance with budget, equipment and staffing. This aid is governed under the 1989 Treaty on Development Cooperation and has been carried out in several 5 year phases.
<ref name="urlNZoecd">{{cite book |title=New Zealand|author=Development Assistance Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |year=1995 |publisher=OECD Publishing |location= |isbn=978926414905 |pages=37&ndash;39|accessdate=2008-11-15 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uZVF1D7DEaIC&pg=PA35&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#PPA37,M1 }}</ref> For example, in phase II of the aid project, Australia budgeted AUS $80 million to deploy 53 full time officers and materiel support.<ref name="urlNZoecd"/> Phase III of the same program saw a proposal for an Enhanced Cooperation Programme<ref name="urlAusDFAT">{{cite web
<ref name="urlNZoecd">{{cite book |title=New Zealand|author=Development Assistance Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |year=1995 |publisher=OECD Publishing |location= |isbn=9789264149052 |pages=37–39|accessdate=2008-11-15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZVF1D7DEaIC&pg=PA35 }}</ref> For example, in phase II of the aid project, Australia budgeted A$80 million to deploy 53 full-time officers and materiel support.<ref name="urlNZoecd"/> Phase III of the same program saw a proposal for an Enhanced Cooperation Programme<ref name="urlAusDFAT">{{cite web
|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/GEO/png/15_forum_joint_statement.html
|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/GEO/png/15_forum_joint_statement.html
|title=Papua New Guinea: 15th Papua New Guinea &mdash; Australia Ministerial Forum
|title=Papua New Guinea: 15th Papua New Guinea — Australia Ministerial Forum
|date=2003-12-11
|date=2003-12-11
|work=Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website
|work=Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website
Line 95: Line 94:
|title=Papua New Guinea 'to implode'
|title=Papua New Guinea 'to implode'
|date=2004-12-14
|date=2004-12-14
|work=[[BBC]] NEWS &mdash; Asia-Pacific
|work=[[BBC]] NEWS — Asia-Pacific
⚫
|accessdate=2008-11-15
⚫
}}</ref> However after the PNG Supreme Court ruled the officers were not immune from prosecution, they were withdrawn amid diplomatic wrangling.<ref name="urlPacific?">{{cite web
⚫
|url=http://www.pacificmagazine.net/issue/2005/07/01/will-aussie-police-return
⚫
|title=Will Aussie Police Return?
⚫
|date=2005-07-01
⚫
|work=Pacific Magazine
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate=2008-11-15
⚫
}}</ref> However, after the PNG Supreme Court ruled the officers were not immune from prosecution, they were withdrawn amid diplomatic wrangling.<ref name="urlPacific?">{{cite web
⚫
|url = http://www.pacificmagazine.net/issue/2005/07/01/will-aussie-police-return
⚫
|title = Will Aussie Police Return?
⚫
|date = 2005-07-01
⚫
|work = Pacific Magazine
⚫
|accessdate = 2008-11-15
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081007210249/http://www.pacificmagazine.net/issue/2005/07/01/will-aussie-police-return
|archivedate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The RPNGC makes use of Community Auxiliary Police, volunteer forces that aid in policing rural communities.<ref name="urlNationCAP">{{cite web
The RPNGC makes use of Community Auxiliary Police, volunteer forces that aid in policing rural communities.<ref name="urlNationCAP">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thenational.com.pg/102307/Nation%208.htm
|url = http://www.thenational.com.pg/102307/Nation%208.htm
|title=CAP key to fight crime
|title = CAP key to fight crime
|date=2007-10-23
|date = 2007-10-23
|work=Nation &mdash; The National Newspaper
|work = Nation — The National Newspaper
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate = 2008-11-15
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232031/http://www.thenational.com.pg/102307/Nation%208.htm
|archivedate = 2008-12-01
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Challenges==
==Challenges==
Papua New Guinea does not have a tradition of strong local police authorities. The RPNGC has around 4800 constables charged with enforcing the law in a country of four million people. The RPNGC faces obstacles in trying to gain the cooperation of PNG communities, which frequently prefer to deal with criminals by themselves.<ref name="urltravStateGov"/>
Papua New Guinea does not have a tradition of strong local police authorities. The RPNGC has around 4800 constables charged with enforcing the law in a country of seven million people. The RPNGC faces obstacles in trying to gain the cooperation of PNG communities, which frequently prefer to deal with criminals by themselves.<ref name="urltravStateGov"/>


The Constabulary also faces resource constraints (including shortages of such basic supplies as gasoline and stationery) and difficulties with internal discipline. Consequently, police are spread fairly thin, with correspondingly slow response times. While the Constabulary has a code of ethics,<ref name="urlPNGlajRole">{{cite web
The Constabulary also faces resource constraints (including shortages of such basic supplies as gasoline and stationery) and difficulties with internal discipline. Consequently, police are spread fairly thin, with correspondingly slow response times. While the Constabulary has a code of ethics,<ref name="urlPNGlajRole">{{cite web
|url=http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/144-role-of-the-agency.asp
|url = http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/144-role-of-the-agency.asp
|title=Government of Papua New Guinea Law and Justice Sector &mdash; Role of the Agency
|title = Government of Papua New Guinea Law and Justice Sector — Role of the Agency
⚫
|work = Law and Justice Sector website
|format=
⚫
|accessdate = 2008-11-15
|work=Law and Justice Sector website
|url-status = dead
⚫
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229075751/http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/144-role-of-the-agency.asp
⚫
}}</ref> the [[Human Rights Watch]] has noted difficulties such as reports of beatings and rape by officers<ref name="urlHRWrules">{{cite web
|archivedate = 2008-12-29
⚫
|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/png0905/
⚫
}}</ref> the [[Human Rights Watch]] has noted difficulties such as reports of beatings and rape by officers,<ref name="urlHRWrules">{{cite web
⚫
|title="Making Their Own Rules"
⚫
|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/png0905/
⚫
|title=Making Their Own Rules
|format=
|format=
|work=[[Human Rights Watch]] website
|work=[[Human Rights Watch]] website
|date=2005-08-31
|date=2005-08-31
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|accessdate=2008-11-15
}}</ref>, citizens alleging they feel less safe when police are around, female victims being asked for sex when reporting crimes, and general corruption.<ref name="urlHRWfej">{{cite journal ||title=Upholding Public Disorder|journal=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]|volume=168 |issue=8 |year=2005 |month=September |url=http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/10/11/png11855.htm}}</ref>. [[Amnesty International]] in a February 1, 2006 letter to then Minister for Internal Security, [[Bire Kimisopa]] and then Commissioner of Police, Sam Inguba, claimed to have documented "extensive evidence of members of the RPNGC subjecting women and girls in custody to rape and other forms of cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment", as well as requests for sexual favors from female victims before investigating crimes, and suggested additional recruitment of female police officers as a way to address the issue.<ref name="urlAIrfp">{{cite web
}}</ref> citizens alleging they feel less safe when police are around, female victims being asked for sex when reporting crimes, and general corruption.<ref name="urlHRWfej">{{cite journal|title=Upholding Public Disorder|journal=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]|volume=168 |issue=8 |date=September 2005 |url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/10/11/png11855.htm}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] in a February 1, 2006 letter to then Minister for Internal Security, [[Bire Kimisopa]] and then Commissioner of Police, Sam Inguba, claimed to have documented "extensive evidence of members of the RPNGC subjecting women and girls in custody to rape and other forms of cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment", as well as requests for sexual favors from female victims before investigating crimes, and suggested additional recruitment of female police officers as a way to address the issue.<ref name="urlAIrfp">{{cite web
|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=ENGASA340012006
|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=ENGASA340012006
|title=Papua New Guinea: Letter to the PNG Government. Recruitment of Female Police Officers
|title=Papua New Guinea: Letter to the PNG Government. Recruitment of Female Police Officers
Line 138: Line 145:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


However, despite the internal issues, the RPNGC has been involved in giving aid to other countries and organizations in the region. For example, aid has been given to the [[Solomon Islands]] as part of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands since July 2003. <ref name="urlRAMSI">{{cite web
However, despite the internal issues, the RPNGC has been involved in giving aid to other countries and organizations in the region. For example, aid has been given to the [[Solomon Islands]] as part of the [[Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands|RAMSI]] since July 2003.<ref name="urlRAMSI">{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsi.org/files/cn/png_fact_sheet.pdf |title=Papua New Guinea Fact Sheet |work=RAMSI website |accessdate=2008-11-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211114449/http://www.ramsi.org/files/cn/png_fact_sheet.pdf |archivedate=December 11, 2009 }}</ref>

|url=http://www.ramsi.org/files/cn/png_fact_sheet.pdf
== P.N.G – Australian-Policing Partnership ==
|title=Papua New Guinea Fact Sheet
The Australian government made a commitment to the PNG Government to deploy 50 [[Australian Federal Police]] to [[Port Moresby]] and [[Lae]] by the end of 2013 as part of Phase 4 of the Expanded Police Partnership.<ref name="urlPNGHiCom">{{cite web
|work=RAMSI website
|url=http://www.png.highcommission.gov.au/pmsb/185.html
⚫
|accessdate=2008-11-15
|title=Information Sheet – AFP deployed to PNG
|work=Australian High Commission – PNG
⚫
|accessdate=2014-01-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The aim of the expanded policing partnership is to improves the law enforcement capabilities of the RPNGC across key areas including:
⚫
==External links==
* public safety
⚫
* [http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/145-the-commissioner.asp official site] of the constabulary
* station management and supervision
⚫
* [http://www.pngaa.net/Photo_Gallery/Neil_Lucas/RPNGC/index.html historical images]
* community liaison and engagement
* [http://www.skillresearch.com/rpngc/ fan site]
* traffic operations
* criminal investigations
* sexual offences.

While on duty, the Australian police officers wear their AFP uniforms which include the mission logo wok wantaim (working together). Their vehicles also prominently display the mission logo.

==Crime statistics==
Credible national crime statistics are not published by the RPNGC. For the first time, UNDP published a national homicide rate of 13.0/100,000 in the 2013 [[Human Development Report]], but the origin of this figure is unknown.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


⚫
==External links==
----
⚫
* [http://www.lawandjustice.gov.pg/www/html/145-the-commissioner.asp official site] of the constabulary
⚫
* [http://www.pngaa.net/Photo_Gallery/Neil_Lucas/RPNGC/index.html historical images]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/rpngcpolicelegacy/ Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Police Legacy Web Page]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/rpngchome/ The Royal Papua and New Guinea Constabulary a Pictorial History Web Page 1885–1975]

{{Oceania topic|Law enforcement in}}


[[Category:Law enforcement in Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Commissioners of the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary]]

Revision as of 01:32, 11 June 2020

Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
{{{logocaption}}}
Motto"Securing A Safer Community"
Agency overview
Formedc. 1950
Preceding agencies
  • Royal Papuan Constabulary
  • New Guinea Police Force
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyPapua New Guinea
Operations jurisdictionPapua New Guinea
Governing bodyGovernment of Papua New Guinea
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersPort Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Sworn members4800 [1]
Minister responsible
  • Bryan Kramer, Ministry of Police
Agency executive
  • David Manning, CSTJ, QPM[2], Commissioner of Police
Website
www.rpngc.gov.pg

The Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) is a national police force with jurisdiction throughout all of Papua New Guinea.

History

The RPNGC was formed from two predecessor bodies that existed prior to the independence of Papua New Guinea. The Royal Papuan Constabulary, initially established by the Australian colonial administration as part of setting up Papua in the late 19th century, and the New Guinea Police Force which covered the former German New Guinea and British New Guinea also set up by Australia, initially during World War I and formalized as part of the League of Nations mandate of 1920.

The constabulary played a significant role resisting the Japanese occupation of New Guinea during World War II. For example, the Lae War Cemetery holds the names of 13 police officers (panel 8) who died during the war.

The two colonial territories were gradually amalgamated during and after World War II leading to the merger of the two forces.[3] The structure was retained after Papua New Guinea gained independence in 1975, although the name shifted from Royal Papua and New Guinea Constabulary to the present name with the removal of the "and" in 1972.[3]

Special language

The RPNGC is known for the historic use of Police Motu, a lingua franca pidgin variant of the Motu language. During the colonial period, personnel needed to effectively administer the colony were scarce, so the colonial government recruited constables from the various Papua New Guinean peoples and nearby islands such as Fiji and the Solomon Islands. These recruits may have spoken any of about 700–800 different indigenous languages. To aid in communication, a common language was needed and the Police Motu pidgin arose.[4]

The language was widely used not just by police but also by colonial administrators. [5] It was renamed Hiri Motu in the 1970s, due to the connotations of the word "police"[4] and became one of the official languages of Papua New Guinea.

Organization

September, 1943 — Battle of Kaiapit — "Yarawa" (left) of the Royal Papuan Constabulary is congratulated for single-handedly capturing a Japanese sergeant by Brigadier I. N. Dougherty (center) and WO2 L. P. Seale of ANGAU (right)

The RPNGC is part of the Law and Justice Sector of the government of Papua New Guinea. It is headquartered in Konedobu, a suburb of Port Moresby, the capital city, in the National Capital District. As of 2008, the Police Commissioner is Gari Baki, with several Deputy Commissioners having responsibility for organizational functions and regions.

The RPNGC has been aided in the past by various Australian initiatives, including supplying police forces and providing hundreds of millions of Australian dollars in assistance with budget, equipment and staffing. This aid is governed under the 1989 Treaty on Development Cooperation and has been carried out in several 5 year phases. [6] For example, in phase II of the aid project, Australia budgeted A$80 million to deploy 53 full-time officers and materiel support.[6] Phase III of the same program saw a proposal for an Enhanced Cooperation Programme[7] with over 200 officers dispatched to aid in operations in 2004.[8] However, after the PNG Supreme Court ruled the officers were not immune from prosecution, they were withdrawn amid diplomatic wrangling.[9]

The RPNGC makes use of Community Auxiliary Police, volunteer forces that aid in policing rural communities.[10]

Challenges

Papua New Guinea does not have a tradition of strong local police authorities. The RPNGC has around 4800 constables charged with enforcing the law in a country of seven million people. The RPNGC faces obstacles in trying to gain the cooperation of PNG communities, which frequently prefer to deal with criminals by themselves.[1]

The Constabulary also faces resource constraints (including shortages of such basic supplies as gasoline and stationery) and difficulties with internal discipline. Consequently, police are spread fairly thin, with correspondingly slow response times. While the Constabulary has a code of ethics,[11] the Human Rights Watch has noted difficulties such as reports of beatings and rape by officers,[12] citizens alleging they feel less safe when police are around, female victims being asked for sex when reporting crimes, and general corruption.[13] Amnesty International in a February 1, 2006 letter to then Minister for Internal Security, Bire Kimisopa and then Commissioner of Police, Sam Inguba, claimed to have documented "extensive evidence of members of the RPNGC subjecting women and girls in custody to rape and other forms of cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment", as well as requests for sexual favors from female victims before investigating crimes, and suggested additional recruitment of female police officers as a way to address the issue.[14]

However, despite the internal issues, the RPNGC has been involved in giving aid to other countries and organizations in the region. For example, aid has been given to the Solomon Islands as part of the RAMSI since July 2003.[15]

P.N.G – Australian-Policing Partnership

The Australian government made a commitment to the PNG Government to deploy 50 Australian Federal Police to Port Moresby and Lae by the end of 2013 as part of Phase 4 of the Expanded Police Partnership.[16]

The aim of the expanded policing partnership is to improves the law enforcement capabilities of the RPNGC across key areas including:

  • public safety
  • station management and supervision
  • community liaison and engagement
  • traffic operations
  • criminal investigations
  • sexual offences.

While on duty, the Australian police officers wear their AFP uniforms which include the mission logo wok wantaim (working together). Their vehicles also prominently display the mission logo.

Crime statistics

Credible national crime statistics are not published by the RPNGC. For the first time, UNDP published a national homicide rate of 13.0/100,000 in the 2013 Human Development Report, but the origin of this figure is unknown.

References

  1. ^ a b "Primer on Personal Security in Papua New Guinea". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  2. ^ "It won't be easy, new PNG police chief admits". Pina. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
  3. ^ a b "Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary policewomen in PNG 1977–96 [Conference Paper]" (pdf). First Australasian Women Police Conference proceedings. 1996-07-31. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  4. ^ a b Lynch, John (1998). Pacific Languages: An Introduction. University of Hawaii Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8248-1898-2. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  5. ^ Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Peter Mühlhäusler; Darrell T. Tryon (1996). Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Walter de Gruyter. p. 458. ISBN 978-3-11-013417-9. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  6. ^ a b Development Assistance Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1995). New Zealand. OECD Publishing. pp. 37–39. ISBN 9789264149052. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  7. ^ "Papua New Guinea: 15th Papua New Guinea — Australia Ministerial Forum". Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website. 2003-12-11. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  8. ^ "Papua New Guinea 'to implode'". BBC NEWS — Asia-Pacific. 2004-12-14. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  9. ^ "Will Aussie Police Return?". Pacific Magazine. 2005-07-01. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  10. ^ "CAP key to fight crime". Nation — The National Newspaper. 2007-10-23. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  11. ^ "Government of Papua New Guinea Law and Justice Sector — Role of the Agency". Law and Justice Sector website. Archived from the original on 2008-12-29. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  12. ^ "Making Their Own Rules". Human Rights Watch website. 2005-08-31. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  13. ^ "Upholding Public Disorder". Far Eastern Economic Review. 168 (8). September 2005.
  14. ^ "Papua New Guinea: Letter to the PNG Government. Recruitment of Female Police Officers". Amnesty International website. 2006-02-01. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  15. ^ "Papua New Guinea Fact Sheet" (PDF). RAMSI website. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  16. ^ "Information Sheet – AFP deployed to PNG". Australian High Commission – PNG. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
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