John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Marcocapelle (talk | contribs) removed grandparent category of Category:16th-century English nobility |
m date format audit, minor formatting, removed stub tag |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Infobox |
{{Infobox noble |
||
| name = John de Vere |
| name = John de Vere |
||
| title = [[Earl of Oxford]] |
| title = [[Earl of Oxford]] |
||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
==Career== |
==Career== |
||
While never of consequence in the Tudor court,<ref>Nelson, Alan H. (2003), ''Monstrous Adversary: the life of Edward de Vere,17th Earl of Oxford'', Liverpool University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-85323-678-8}}, p. 33.</ref> the 16th Earl's support for [[Queen Mary I of England|Queen Mary]] was instrumental in her accession to the throne in 1553,<ref>MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1984), ''The Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham'', Royal Historical Society, pp. 263–4, 266.</ref> though he was given no preferment by her.<ref>Loades, David (1989), ''Mary Tudor: A Life'', Basil Blackwell, pp. 181–184.</ref> During her reign he was active as the principal magnate in Essex.<ref>Nelson, 23.</ref> Under Mary, [[Essex]] men and women suspected of [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|heresy against Catholicism]] were brought before Oxford to be charged, and thence conveyed to the [[Edmund Bonner|Bishop of London]] for examination. Of his prisoners, at least sixteen were condemned and burnt, beginning with his former servant, [[Thomas Hawkes]],<ref>Foxe, John (1570) [https://www.johnfoxe.org/ ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO''], (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, |
While never of consequence in the Tudor court,<ref>Nelson, Alan H. (2003), ''Monstrous Adversary: the life of Edward de Vere,17th Earl of Oxford'', Liverpool University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-85323-678-8}}, p. 33.</ref> the 16th Earl's support for [[Queen Mary I of England|Queen Mary]] was instrumental in her accession to the throne in 1553,<ref>MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1984), ''The Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham'', Royal Historical Society, pp. 263–4, 266.</ref> though he was given no preferment by her.<ref>Loades, David (1989), ''Mary Tudor: A Life'', Basil Blackwell, pp. 181–184.</ref> During her reign he was active as the principal magnate in Essex.<ref>Nelson, 23.</ref> Under Mary, [[Essex]] men and women suspected of [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|heresy against Catholicism]] were brought before Oxford to be charged, and thence conveyed to the [[Edmund Bonner|Bishop of London]] for examination. Of his prisoners, at least sixteen were condemned and burnt, beginning with his former servant, [[Thomas Hawkes]],<ref>Foxe, John (1570) [https://www.johnfoxe.org/ ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO''], (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11: 1797. Accessed 17 February 2017.</ref> who was burnt at [[Coggeshall]] on 10 June 1555.<ref>Foxe, 1806.</ref> He was followed by [[Colchester Martyrs|Nicholas Chamberlain]], [[Colchester Martyrs|William Bamford]], and [[Colchester Martyrs|Thomas Ormond]].<ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 1816–1817. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17].</ref><ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 1818. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17].</ref> On 28 April 1556, another [[Colchester Martyrs|six men]] charged by the earl were burnt at [[Colchester]].<ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 2128. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17].</ref> A seventh, [[Stratford Martyrs|John Routh]], was executed on 27 June.<ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 2135–2136. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17]</ref> Five more prisoners indentured by the earl that year<ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 12, 2197. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17].</ref> were released, but continued obstinate in their refusal of Catholic practices, and were re-arrested, condemned, and burnt at Colchester on 2 August 1557: [[Colchester Martyrs|William Bongeour]], [[Colchester Martyrs|Helen Ewring]], [[Colchester Martyrs|William Munt]], his wife [[Colchester Martyrs|Alice Munt]], and her daughter, [[Colchester Martyrs|Rose Allen]].<ref>Foxe, John, ''The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO'' (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 12, 2238–2242. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115193221/http://www.johnfoxe.org/ |date=15 November 2015 }} [Accessed: 02.4.17].</ref> |
||
==Family== |
==Family== |
||
| Line 37: | Line 38: | ||
{{S-end}} |
{{S-end}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oxford, John De Vere, 16th Earl Of}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oxford, John De Vere, 16th Earl Of}} |
||
[[Category:1516 births]] |
[[Category:1516 births]] |
||
| Line 47: | Line 48: | ||
[[Category:De Vere family|John]] |
[[Category:De Vere family|John]] |
||
[[Category:16th-century English nobility]] |
[[Category:16th-century English nobility]] |
||
{{England-earl-stub}} |
|||
Revision as of 17:54, 12 April 2021
John de Vere | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Oxford | |
| Born | 1516 |
| Died | 3 August 1562 (aged 45–46) Oxford, Oxfordshire, England |
| Buried | Castle Hedingham, Essex |
| Noble family | De Vere |
| Spouse(s) | Dorothy Neville Margery Golding |
| Issue | Katherine, Baroness Windsor Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford Mary de Vere |
| Father | John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford |
| Mother | Elizabeth Trussell |
John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford (1516 – 3 August 1562) was born to John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Trussell, daughter of Edward Trussell. He was styled Lord Bolebec 1526 to 1540 before he succeeded to his father's title.
Career
While never of consequence in the Tudor court,[1] the 16th Earl's support for Queen Mary was instrumental in her accession to the throne in 1553,[2] though he was given no preferment by her.[3] During her reign he was active as the principal magnate in Essex.[4] Under Mary, Essex men and women suspected of heresy against Catholicism were brought before Oxford to be charged, and thence conveyed to the Bishop of London for examination. Of his prisoners, at least sixteen were condemned and burnt, beginning with his former servant, Thomas Hawkes,[5] who was burnt at Coggeshall on 10 June 1555.[6] He was followed by Nicholas Chamberlain, William Bamford, and Thomas Ormond.[7][8] On 28 April 1556, another six men charged by the earl were burnt at Colchester.[9] A seventh, John Routh, was executed on 27 June.[10] Five more prisoners indentured by the earl that year[11] were released, but continued obstinate in their refusal of Catholic practices, and were re-arrested, condemned, and burnt at Colchester on 2 August 1557: William Bongeour, Helen Ewring, William Munt, his wife Alice Munt, and her daughter, Rose Allen.[12]
Family
He married first Dorothy Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland in Holywell, Shoreditch, London on 3 July 1536, and second Margery Golding in Belchamp St Paul on 1 August 1548.[13] Dorothy Neville (died c. 6 January 1548),[14] His two marriages produced three children. With his first wife, Dorothy, he had Katherine de Vere, who married Edward Windsor, 3rd Baron Windsor. With Margery he had a son, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, and a daughter, Mary de Vere. Margery died on 2 December 1568. After his death in Oxford, he was buried in Castle Hedingham, Essex, on 31 August 1562.
Cultural pursuits
The Earl was known as a sportsman, and like several noblemen of his day, he retained a company of actors. The troupe, known as Oxford's Men, was retained by the Earl from 1547 until his death in 1562.[15][16] His circle included the scholar and diplomat Sir Thomas Smith and his brothers-in-law, the poets Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield, and the translator Arthur Golding.[17]
References
- ^ Nelson, Alan H. (2003), Monstrous Adversary: the life of Edward de Vere,17th Earl of Oxford, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 978-0-85323-678-8, p. 33.
- ^ MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1984), The Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham, Royal Historical Society, pp. 263–4, 266.
- ^ Loades, David (1989), Mary Tudor: A Life, Basil Blackwell, pp. 181–184.
- ^ Nelson, 23.
- ^ Foxe, John (1570) The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO, (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11: 1797. Accessed 17 February 2017.
- ^ Foxe, 1806.
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 1816–1817. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17].
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 1818. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17].
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 2128. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17].
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 11, 2135–2136. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17]
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 12, 2197. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17].
- ^ Foxe, John, The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1570 edition) (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011), Book 12, 2238–2242. Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Archived 15 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Accessed: 02.4.17].
- ^ Essex Record Office T/R 168/2
- ^ Nelson 2003, p. 15.
- ^ Chambers, E. K. The Elizabethan Stage, 4 vols. (Oxford, 1923) II: 99.
- ^ Nelson, pp. 13, 239.
- ^ Ward, Bernard M. (1928), The Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, 1550–1604: From Contemporary Documents, John Murray, p. 10.
External links
- His will