Pood: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
| s2cid = 137551466 |
| s2cid = 137551466 |
||
| id = 0026-0894 |
| id = 0026-0894 |
||
}}</ref> It was used in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], and [[Ukraine]]. Pood was first mentioned in a number of 12th-century documents. Unlike ''funt'', which came at least in the 14th century from {{lang-gmh|phunt}}, {{lang-orv|пудъ}} ''pud'' ( |
}}</ref> It was used in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], and [[Ukraine]]. Pood was first mentioned in a number of 12th-century documents. Unlike ''funt'', which came at least in the 14th century from {{lang-gmh|phunt}}, {{lang-orv|пудъ}} ''pud'' (formerly written *пѫдъ ''pǫdŭ'') is a much older borrowing from {{lang-on|pund}} which in turn came through the mediation of {{lang-oe|pund}} from {{lang-lat|pondus}} "weight".{{cn|date=February 2014}}<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Pood}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Lynd, James|title=The First Book of Etymology|year=1860|page=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOAAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125}}</ref> |
||
Together with other units of [[weight]] of the [[Obsolete Russian weights and measures|Imperial Russian weight measurement system]], the USSR officially abolished the pood in 1924. But the term remained in widespread use at least until the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Writer at War: A Soviet Journalist with the Red Army, 1941-1945|author=Vasily Grossman|isbn=978-0307275332|year=2007}}</ref> In his 1953 short story "[[Matryona's Place]]", [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] presents the pood as still in use amongst the Khrushchev-era Soviet peasants. |
Together with other units of [[weight]] of the [[Obsolete Russian weights and measures|Imperial Russian weight measurement system]], the USSR officially abolished the pood in 1924. But the term remained in widespread use at least until the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Writer at War: A Soviet Journalist with the Red Army, 1941-1945|author=Vasily Grossman|isbn=978-0307275332|year=2007}}</ref> In his 1953 short story "[[Matryona's Place]]", [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] presents the pood as still in use amongst the Khrushchev-era Soviet peasants. |
Revision as of 14:59, 26 March 2021
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Iron_16kg.jpg/220px-Iron_16kg.jpg)
Pood (Russian: пуд, romanized: pud, IPA: [put]), is a unit of mass equal to 40 funt (фунт, Russian pound). Plural: pudi or pudy. Since 1899 It is approximately set to 16.38 kilograms (36.11 pounds).[1] It was used in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Pood was first mentioned in a number of 12th-century documents. Unlike funt, which came at least in the 14th century from Middle High German: phunt, Old East Slavic: пудъ pud (formerly written *пѫдъ pǫdŭ) is a much older borrowing from Old Norse: pund which in turn came through the mediation of Old English: pund from Latin: pondus "weight".[citation needed][2][3]
Together with other units of weight of the Imperial Russian weight measurement system, the USSR officially abolished the pood in 1924. But the term remained in widespread use at least until the 1940s.[4] In his 1953 short story "Matryona's Place", Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn presents the pood as still in use amongst the Khrushchev-era Soviet peasants.
Its usage is preserved in modern Russian in certain specific cases, e.g., in reference to sports weights, such as traditional Russian kettlebells, cast in multiples and fractions of 16 kg (which is pood rounded to metric units). For example, a 24 kg kettlebell is commonly referred to as "one-and-half pood kettlebell" (polutorapudovaya girya). It is also sometimes used when reporting the amounts of bulk agricultural production, such as grains or potatoes.
An old Russian proverb reads, "You know a man when you have eaten a pood of salt with him." (Russian: Человека узнаешь, когда с ним пуд соли съешь.)
In modern colloquial Russian, the expression sto pudov (сто пудов) - "a hundred poods," an intentional play on the foreign "hundred percent" - imparts the sense of overwhelming weight to the declarative sentence it is added to. The generic meaning of "very serious" or "absolutely sure"[5] has almost supplanted its original meaning of "very heavy weight." The adjective 'stopudovy' and the adverb 'stopudovo' are also used to convey the same sense of certainty.
Also used in Polish as idiomatic/proverb (commonly forgotten old original/strict meaning): "nudy na pudy" (Polish for: "unsupportable boredoms", literally: "boredoms [that could be measured] in poods")
References
- ^ Yakovlev, V. B. (August 1957). "Development of Wrought Iron Production". Metallurgist. Volume. 1 (8). New York: Springer: 546. doi:10.1007/BF00732452. S2CID 137551466. 0026-0894.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Lynd, James (1860). The First Book of Etymology. p. 125.
- ^ Vasily Grossman (2007). A Writer at War: A Soviet Journalist with the Red Army, 1941-1945. ISBN 978-0307275332.
- ^ English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon and Russian names. 2012