Teutons: Difference between revisions
Undid revision 1031440364 by HernánCortés1518 (talk) This very specific remark does not seem to relate easily to the sources? |
Undid revision 1031443570 by Andrew Lancaster (talk) Yes, this doesn't apply to the references presented since the sources themselves, despite the respectability of their name, citate to exclusevly antique Roman data that technically can be perceived by Wikipedia rules as WP: QS, so I added a footnote without sources, until I found the time to make it in more appropriate "referenced" form. |
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[[File:Die Frauen der Teutonen verteidigen die Wagenburg by Heinrich Leutemann.jpg|thumb|"The Women of the Teutones Defend the [[Laager|Wagon Fort]]" (1882) by [[Heinrich Leutemann]]]] |
[[File:Die Frauen der Teutonen verteidigen die Wagenburg by Heinrich Leutemann.jpg|thumb|"The Women of the Teutones Defend the [[Laager|Wagon Fort]]" (1882) by [[Heinrich Leutemann]]]] |
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The '''Teutons''' ({{lang-la|Teutones}}, {{lang|la|Teutoni}}, {{lang-grc|Τεύτονες}}) were an ancient tribe mentioned by [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] authors. [[Julius Caesar]] described them as a [[ |
The '''Teutons''' ({{lang-la|Teutones}}, {{lang|la|Teutoni}}, {{lang-grc|Τεύτονες}}) were an ancient tribe mentioned by [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] authors. [[Julius Caesar]] described them as a Germanics based on the assumption that they came from the geographical region "Magna Germania" (Great Germany), but at that time [[Celtic people|Celtic tribes]] lived in the southern half of this land, therefore part of the modern scholars doubt that Teutons spoked on [[Germanic language]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Edward Arthur |author-link1=E. A. Thompson |last2=Dobson |first2=John Frederick |author-link2=John Frederick Dobson |date=2012 |chapter=Teutones |chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-6312 |editor1-last=Hornblower |editor1-first=Simon |editor1-link=Simon Hornblower |editor2-last=Spawforth |editor2-first=Antony |editor3-last=Eidinow |editor3-first=Esther |editor3-link=Esther Eidinow |title=[[The Oxford Classical Dictionary]] |edition=4 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780191735257 |access-date=January 25, 2020 |quote=Teutones, a Germanic tribe, known chiefly from their migration with the Cimbri... }}</ref> The Teutons are best known for their participation in the [[Cimbrian War]] with the [[Roman Republic]] in the late 2nd century BC. |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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Revision as of 17:54, 1 July 2021
The Teutons (Latin: Teutones, Teutoni, Ancient Greek: Τεύτονες) were an ancient tribe mentioned by Roman authors. Julius Caesar described them as a Germanics based on the assumption that they came from the geographical region "Magna Germania" (Great Germany), but at that time Celtic tribes lived in the southern half of this land, therefore part of the modern scholars doubt that Teutons spoked on Germanic language[1] The Teutons are best known for their participation in the Cimbrian War with the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC.
Origins
The Teutons have been classified as either a Germanic people or as a Celtic people[2][3]
Certain ancient writers classify the Teutones as Celts.[4] This might be explained by the fact that writers of the time did not clearly distinguish between Celtic and Germanic peoples.[4]
The early traveller of the 4th century BC, Pytheas, mentions the Teutones as inhabitants of the northern ocean coasts along with the "Guiones" (possibly the Gutones or the Inguaeones. Strabo (64 or 63 BC – c. AD 24) and Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC – c. AD 31), classify them as Germanic peoples.[4] According to a map by Ptolemy, they lived in Jutland. Pomponius Mela placed them on an island called Codannovia, which was the largest of a group of island in a large bay, Codanus, open to the ocean. Traditionally, scholars interpret Codanovia as Scandinavia.
The Danish district of Thy claims to be their homeland.[5]
Cimbrian War
After achieving decisive victories over the Romans at Noreia and Arausio in 105 BC, the Cimbri and Teutones divided their forces. Gaius Marius then defeated them separately in 102 BC and 101 BC respectively, ending the Cimbrian War. The defeat of the Teutones occurred at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (near present-day Aix-en-Provence).
According to the writings of Valerius Maximus and Florus, the king of the Teutones, Teutobod, was taken in irons after the Teutones were defeated by the Romans. Under the conditions of the surrender, three hundred married women were to be handed over to the victorious Romans as concubines and slaves. When the matrons of the Teutones heard of this stipulation, they begged the consul that they might instead be allowed to minister in the temples of Ceres and Venus. When their request was denied, the Teutonic women slew their own children. The next morning, all the women were found dead in each other's arms, having strangled each other during the night. Their joint martyrdom passed into Roman legends of Teutonic fury.[6]
Some surviving captives reportedly participated as the rebelling gladiators in the Third Servile War of 73-71 BC.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Thompson, Edward Arthur; Dobson, John Frederick (2012). "Teutones". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191735257. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
Teutones, a Germanic tribe, known chiefly from their migration with the Cimbri...
- ^ Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. pp. 797–798. ISBN 1438129181.
The Cimbri are generally believed to have been a tribe of celtics
- ^ Hussey, Joan Mervyn (1957). The Cambridge Medieval History. CUP Archive. pp. 191–193.
It was the Cimbri, along with their allies the Teutones and Ambrones, who for half a score of years kept the world in suspense. Historians have suggested a Celtic origin for the Teutones. It has been suggested that their name is Celtic, though this is controversial.
- ^ a b c Beck 1911, p. 673.
- ^ Nudansk Ordbog, Politikens Forlag, 1986, ISBN 87-567-4462-5
- ^ Lucius Annaeus Florus, Epitome 1.38.16–17 and Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium 6.1.ext.3
- ^ Strauss, Barry (2009). The Spartacus War. Simon and Schuster. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-4165-3205-7.
- Fick, August, Alf Torp and Hjalmar Falk: Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen. Part 3, Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. 4. Aufl. (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht), 1909.
Attribution:
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "Teutoni". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 673.
External links
- . . 1914. p. 1895.