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{{Infobox Rocket
|image=Thor Delta with Explorer 10 Mar 25 1961.jpg
|caption=Thor-Delta prior to the launch of [[Explorer 10]]
|imsize=176px
|function=[[Expendable launch system]]
|country-origin=United States
|sites=[[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17|LC-17]]
|launches=12
|success=11
|fail=1
|status=Retired
|first=1960-05-13
|last=1962-09-18}}

== About the Delta DM-19 ==
The '''Thor-Delta''', also known as '''Delta DM-19''' or just '''Delta''' was an early American [[expendable launch system]] used for 12 [[orbit]]al launches in the early 1960s. A derivative of the [[Thor-Able]], it was a member of the [[Thor (rocket family)|Thor]] family of rockets, and the first member of the [[Delta (rocket family)|Delta]] family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm |title=Delta |last=Wade |first=Mark |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]] |access-date=2009-02-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GnQRIrKc?url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm |archive-date=2013-05-22 }}</ref>

The first stage was a [[PGM-17 Thor|Thor]] missile in the DM-19 configuration. The second stage was the [[Delta (rocket stage)|Delta]], which had been derived from the earlier [[Able (rocket stage)|Able]] stage. An [[Altair (rocket stage)|Altair]] [[solid rocket motor]] was used as a third stage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/thor.htm |title=Thor family |last=Krebs |first=Gunter |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2009-02-09}}</ref>

The basic design of the original Vanguard upper stages, featuring a pressure-fed nitric acid/UDMH, regeneratively cooled engine, was kept in place, but with an improved AJ10-118 engine. More significantly, the Delta stage featured cold gas attitude control jets allowing it to be stabilized in orbit for restart and more precise burns.

The Thor-Delta was the first rocket to use the combination of a Thor missile and a Delta upper stage. This configuration was reused for many later rockets, and a derivative, the [[Delta II]], remained in service until 2018.

The Thor-Delta launched a number of significant payloads, including the first [[communications satellite]], [[Echo satellite|Echo 1A]]; the first British satellite, [[Ariel 1]]; and the first active direct-relay communications satellite, [[Telstar|Telstar 1]]. All 12 launches occurred from [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17|Launch Complex 17]]. The launch of Telstar 1 used pad B, while all other launches were from pad A. All launches were successful except the maiden flight, which failed to place [[Echo satellite|Echo 1]] into orbit due to a problem with the second stage.
== Launch statistics ==
=== Launch outcome ===
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
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| stack = 1
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| group 2 = 2:3:6

| colors = Red : Green
| group names = [[Failure]] : [[Success]]
| x legends = [[1960 in spaceflight|1960]] : [[1961 in spaceflight|1961]] : [[1962 in spaceflight|1962]]
| y tick marks = 6
}}

{{column}}
=== Launchpad ===
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| colors = Red : Green
| group names = [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17|CCAFS LC-17B]] : [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17|CCAFS LC-17A]]
| x legends = [[1960 in spaceflight|1960]] : [[1961 in spaceflight|1961]] : [[1962 in spaceflight|1962]]
| y tick marks = 6
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=== Orbit ===
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| group 2 = 1:1:3
| group 3 = 0:2:0
| group 4 = 0:0:2

| colors = Green: Blue : Purple : Red
| group names = [[Medium Earth orbit|MEO]] : [[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] : [[High Earth orbit|HEO]] : [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
| x legends = [[1960 in spaceflight|1960]] : [[1961 in spaceflight|1961]] : [[1962 in spaceflight|1962]]
| y tick marks = 6
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=== Function ===
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| group 2 = 1:1:3
| group 3 = 0:2:0
| group 4 = 0:0:1
| group 5 = 0:0:1

| colors = Green: Blue : Purple : Red : Black
| group names = [[Communications satellite|Communication]] : [[Weather satellite|Weather]] : Magnetospheric : [[Space-based solar power|Solar]] : Ionospheric
| x legends = [[1960 in spaceflight|1960]] : [[1961 in spaceflight|1961]] : [[1962 in spaceflight|1962]]
| y tick marks = 6
}}
== Launch history ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0"
!Date/Time<br />([[UTC]])
!Rocket
![[Serial number|S/N]]
!Launch Site
!Payload
!Function
!Orbit
!Outcome
!Remarks
|-
|1960-05-13<br />09:16:05
|[[Thor-Delta|Thor DM-19 Delta]]
|Thor 144<br />Delta 1
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[Echo 1]]
|Communication
|''MEO''
| {{Failure}}
|Maiden flight of Thor-Delta, upper-stage attitude control system malfunctioned
|-
|1960-08-12<br />09:39:43
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 270<br />Delta 2
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[Echo 1A]]
|Communications
|MEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1960-11-23<br />11:13:03
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 245<br />Delta 3
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[TIROS-2]]
|Weather
|SSO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1961-03-25<br />15:17:04
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 295<br />Delta 4
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[Explorer 10]]
|Magnetospheric
|HEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1961-07-12<br />10:25:06
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 286<br />Delta 5
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[TIROS-3]]
|Weather
|SSO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1961-08-16<br />03:21:05
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 312<br />Delta 6
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[Explorer 12]]
|Magnetospheric
|HEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-02-08<br />12:43:45
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 317<br />Delta 7
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[TIROS-4]]
|Weather
|SSO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-03-07<br />16:06:18
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 301<br />Delta 8
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[Orbiting Solar Observatory|OSO]]-1
|Solar
|LEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-04-26<br />18:00:16
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 320<br />Delta 9
|CCAFS LC-17A
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Ariel 1]]
|Ionospheric
|LEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-06-19<br />12:19:01
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 321<br />Delta 10
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[TIROS-5]]
|Weather
|SSO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-07-10<br />08:35:05
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 316<br />Delta 11
|CCAFS LC-17B
|[[Telstar 1]]
|Communication
|MEO
| {{Success}}
|
|-
|1962-09-18<br />08:53:08
|Thor DM-19 Delta
|Thor 318<br />Delta 12
|CCAFS LC-17A
|[[TIROS-6]]
|Weather
|SSO
| {{Success}}
|Final flight of Thor-Delta
|-
|}
== See also ==
* [[List of Delta 4 launches]]
* [[List of Thor and Delta launches]]
* [[List of Thor and Delta launches (1960–1969)]]
* [[List of Delta IV Heavy launches|List of Delta 4 Heavy launches]]
* [[List of Delta IV Medium launches|List of Delta 4 Medium launches]]
* [[List of Delta 4-M launches]]
* [[Thor-Delta]]

== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 22:23, 28 July 2021

Thor-Delta prior to the launch of Explorer 10
FunctionExpendable launch system
Country of originUnited States
Launch history
StatusRetired
Launch sitesCape Canaveral LC-17
Total launches12
Success(es)11
Failure(s)1
First flight1960-05-13
Last flight1962-09-18
[edit on Wikidata]

About the Delta DM-19

The Thor-Delta, also known as Delta DM-19 or just Delta was an early American expendable launch system used for 12 orbital launches in the early 1960s. A derivative of the Thor-Able, it was a member of the Thor family of rockets, and the first member of the Delta family.[1]

The first stage was a Thor missile in the DM-19 configuration. The second stage was the Delta, which had been derived from the earlier Able stage. An Altair solid rocket motor was used as a third stage.[2]

The basic design of the original Vanguard upper stages, featuring a pressure-fed nitric acid/UDMH, regeneratively cooled engine, was kept in place, but with an improved AJ10-118 engine. More significantly, the Delta stage featured cold gas attitude control jets allowing it to be stabilized in orbit for restart and more precise burns.

The Thor-Delta was the first rocket to use the combination of a Thor missile and a Delta upper stage. This configuration was reused for many later rockets, and a derivative, the Delta II, remained in service until 2018.

The Thor-Delta launched a number of significant payloads, including the first communications satellite, Echo 1A; the first British satellite, Ariel 1; and the first active direct-relay communications satellite, Telstar 1. All 12 launches occurred from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17. The launch of Telstar 1 used pad B, while all other launches were from pad A. All launches were successful except the maiden flight, which failed to place Echo 1 into orbit due to a problem with the second stage.

Launch statistics

Launch outcome

1
2
3
4
5
6

Launchpad

1
2
3
4
5
6

Orbit

1
2
3
4
5
6

Function

1
2
3
4
5
6

Launch history

Date/Time
(UTC) 		Rocket S/N Launch Site Payload Function Orbit Outcome Remarks
1960-05-13
09:16:05 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 144
Delta 1 		CCAFS LC-17A Echo 1 Communication MEO Failure Maiden flight of Thor-Delta, upper-stage attitude control system malfunctioned
1960-08-12
09:39:43 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 270
Delta 2 		CCAFS LC-17A Echo 1A Communications MEO Success
1960-11-23
11:13:03 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 245
Delta 3 		CCAFS LC-17A TIROS-2 Weather SSO Success
1961-03-25
15:17:04 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 295
Delta 4 		CCAFS LC-17A Explorer 10 Magnetospheric HEO Success
1961-07-12
10:25:06 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 286
Delta 5 		CCAFS LC-17A TIROS-3 Weather SSO Success
1961-08-16
03:21:05 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 312
Delta 6 		CCAFS LC-17A Explorer 12 Magnetospheric HEO Success
1962-02-08
12:43:45 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 317
Delta 7 		CCAFS LC-17A TIROS-4 Weather SSO Success
1962-03-07
16:06:18 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 301
Delta 8 		CCAFS LC-17A OSO-1 Solar LEO Success
1962-04-26
18:00:16 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 320
Delta 9 		CCAFS LC-17A United KingdomAriel 1 Ionospheric LEO Success
1962-06-19
12:19:01 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 321
Delta 10 		CCAFS LC-17A TIROS-5 Weather SSO Success
1962-07-10
08:35:05 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 316
Delta 11 		CCAFS LC-17B Telstar 1 Communication MEO Success
1962-09-18
08:53:08 		Thor DM-19 Delta Thor 318
Delta 12 		CCAFS LC-17A TIROS-6 Weather SSO Success Final flight of Thor-Delta

See also

References

  1. ^ Wade, Mark. "Delta". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  2. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Thor family". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
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