India League: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Activist organisation}} |
{{short description|Activist organisation}} |
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The '''India League''' was an England-based organisation that campaigned for the full independence and self-governance of India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nasta|first=Susheila|title=The India League|publisher=Open University|url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/india-league}}</ref> The League, one of the most successful organisations in Britain to fight colonialism, was established in 1928 by [[V. K. Krishna Menon|Krishna Menon]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Ramesh|first=Jairam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1138886625|title=A chequered brilliance : the many lives of V.K. Krishna Menon|date=2019|isbn=978-0-670-09232-1|location=Haryana, India|oclc=1138886625}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/802321049|title=India in Britain : South Asian networks and connections, 1858-1950|date=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|others=Susheila Nasta|isbn=978-0-230-39271-7|location=New York|oclc=802321049}}</ref |
The '''India League''' was an England-based organisation that campaigned for the full independence and self-governance of India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nasta|first=Susheila|title=The India League|publisher=Open University|url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/india-league}}</ref> The League, one of the most successful organisations in Britain to fight colonialism, was established in 1928 by [[V. K. Krishna Menon|Krishna Menon]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Ramesh|first=Jairam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1138886625|title=A chequered brilliance : the many lives of V.K. Krishna Menon|date=2019|isbn=978-0-670-09232-1|location=Haryana, India|oclc=1138886625}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/802321049|title=India in Britain : South Asian networks and connections, 1858-1950|date=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|others=Susheila Nasta|isbn=978-0-230-39271-7|location=New York|oclc=802321049}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 10:57, 13 December 2021
The India League was an England-based organisation that campaigned for the full independence and self-governance of India.[1] The League, one of the most successful organisations in Britain to fight colonialism, was established in 1928 by Krishna Menon.[2][3]
History
The India League emerged from the Commonwealth of India League, which was established in 1922 and itself emerged from the Home Rule for India League, established in 1916. When Menon became joint secretary of the Commonwealth of India League, he rejected its previous objective of dominion status for India and instead set the goal of full independence. During the 1930s, the organisation expanded and established branches in cities across Britain.[1]
Members of the League were largely drawn from the British elite, although a branch was established in the East End of London in the early 1940s, in order to attract more supporters from the South Asian community there. The organisation continued to operate after India's independence in 1947 and while it focused mainly on India, "the League was internationalist in its outlook throughout, perceiving India's struggle for freedom as part of a larger struggle against imperialism and capitalism".[1] Following Indian independence, the organisation focused on fostering relations between the UK and India and supporting Indian immigrants in the UK. It held regular meetings at the India Club, London. Latterly, its public presence faded.[4]
1928 Institute
In 2020, a think tank called the 1928 Institute,[5][4][6] with links with academics at the University of Oxford,[7][8][5] was established, "to continue the work of the original India League".[9] The 1928 Institute has run an online survey of British Indians, collecting socioeconomic data as well as information on political opinions, media representation of the community, religious identity, experience of racism and domestic violence, and the COVID-19 pandemic.[4] In January 2021, the Institute announced that its research showed that 56 per cent of British Indians would take a COVID-19 vaccine, compared to 79 per cent of the overall population.[8] One of the Institute's co-founders stated that "It seems that the Indian/south Asian population in general have been really falling prey to [misinformation] through things like WhatsApp forwards and fake news. And a lot of it seems to be directed at fertility, which is, I think, very interesting because there is no evidence to suggest that the vaccine causes fertility issues".[7]
Writing for Byline Times, Amrit Wilson wrote that "while the India League saw the struggle in India as part of a larger struggle against imperialism and racism – and included such socialists and anti-imperialists as Harold Laski, Bertrand Russell and Fenner Brockway – the 1928 Institute's list of 'notable members' includes a corporate billionaire who admires [Narendra] Modi. Even the Prince of Udaipur, scion of one of India's most wealthy oppressor caste Rajput dynasties, is on board". The organisation responsed by stating that it had "diverse members with no influence over the organisation".[10]
References
- ^ a b c Nasta, Susheila. "The India League". Open University.
- ^ Ramesh, Jairam (2019). A chequered brilliance : the many lives of V.K. Krishna Menon. Haryana, India. ISBN 978-0-670-09232-1. OCLC 1138886625.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ India in Britain : South Asian networks and connections, 1858-1950. Susheila Nasta. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2013. ISBN 978-0-230-39271-7. OCLC 802321049.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c Sherwood, Harriet (2020). "From resisting the Raj to helping with Covid: India League reborn for the 21st century". The Guardian.
- ^ a b Pearce, Vanessa (2021). "Indian activists who helped change the face of modern Britain". BBC.
- ^ The 1928 Institute. "The India League Story".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Giordano, Chiara (2021). "Just over half of British Indians would get Covid vaccine, survey shows". The Independent.
- ^ a b "Just over half of British Indians would take COVID vaccine". University of Oxford. 2021.
- ^ "Our Story". 1928 Institute. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
- ^ Wilson, Amrit (9 December 2021). "The New Strategies of Hindu Supremacists in Britain". Byline Times. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
Further reading
- McGarr, Paul M. (2010). "'A Serious Menace to Security': British Intelligence, V. K. Krishna Menon and the Indian High Commission in London, 1947–52". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 38 (3): 441–469. doi:10.1080/03086534.2010.503397.
- Moscovitch, Brant (2020). ""Against the Biggest Buccaneering Enterprise in Living History": Krishna Menon and the Colonial Response to International Crisis". South Asian Review. 41 (3–4): 243–254. doi:10.1080/02759527.2020.1798196.
- Sadasivan, C. (1987). "The Nehru‐Menon partnership". The Round Table. 76 (301): 59–63. doi:10.1080/00358538708453792.