Svinia: Difference between revisions
add commons tag |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Svinia''' ({{lang-hu|Szinye}}) is a village of some 1,500 people (as of 2005<ref>[http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Mestská a obecná štatistika SR<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) in eastern [[Slovakia]] about {{convert|8|km}} west from [[Prešov]]. The village covers an area of {{convert|14.734|km2}}. |
'''Svinia''' ({{lang-hu|Szinye}}) is a village of some 1,500 people (as of 2005<ref>[http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Mestská a obecná štatistika SR<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) in eastern [[Slovakia]] about {{convert|8|km}} west from [[Prešov]]. The village covers an area of {{convert|14.734|km2}}. Svinia is located in the [[Šariš Highlands]] in the valley of Veľká and [[Mala Svinka]]. The village is one of the oldest villages in the former [[Sáros County|Šariš County]]. The village belonged to the Hungarian [[Merše family]] from [[Budapest]] from 1262 to 1918. Until 1262, the settlement of Svinia belonged to Bár-Kalán [[ban of Slavonia]].<ref name="Svinia web history">{{cite web |url=http://www.obecsvinia.sk/-historia |website=Obec Svinia | Oficialne stranky | Historia |publisher=Obec Svinia |access-date=26 December 2021}}</ref> |
||
==History== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
The first owner of the Svinia settlement was around 1210 the Slavonian ban [[Bánk Bár-Kalán]] of the [[Bór family]]. He was a ban of Slavonia in the first decades of the 13th century. He owned land in the catchment area of today's Veľká and Mala Svinka. He was in the service of [[Andrew II of Hungary|King Andrew II]].When ban Bánk Bár-Kalán died, his entire property, including the settlement of Svinia, belonged to the new Hungarian king [[Béla IV of Hungary|Bela IV]]. This proves that the village existed at the beginning of the 13th century, although the first written mention dates back to 1262. This first written mention of the village is from 1262, when it is mentioned as posessio Sanefalva, the estate of Sanefalva. This year, the Hungarian monarch, Belo IV gave large areas of land that previously belonged to the ban to general Merše as a reward for military successes against the Bulgarians. This gift included the area covering the valleys of the Veľká and Mala Svinka streams, the settlements of Svinia (Sanefalva), [[Chminianska Nová Ves]] (Vyfolu) and [[Jarovnice]] (Jarne), which lay near the [[Šariš Castle|Šariš castle]]. This donation was also confirmed by the following rulers [[Stephen V of Hungary|Stephen V]]. and [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary|Ladislaus IV]].<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
There are two theories according to which the name of the village may have originated. |
|||
* The first theory is that Svinia got its name from the river. The original Slovak name of today's Veľká and Mala Svinka was Svinná. The Hungarians took this name and made it the name Szinyei. |
|||
* The second theory is that the name may also come from the word "pig". If we admit that the name captured the fact that the local servants kept pigs on behalf of the king, then the origin of the settlement would date back to the 11th and 12th centuries. However, the name does not have the characteristics of servants' villages. It follows that the village existed before the 11th century.<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
==Cultural monuments== |
|||
Many culturally significant monuments have remained here in the past. These include a church, a church tower, an old rectory and two manor houses.<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
The [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] church is dedicated to the [[Nativity of Mary|Nativity of the Virgin Mary]]. The first written mention of the church is from 1274. After several reconstructions, the church still stands today. Below this church are the tombs of the owners of the Svinia estate. In the 17th century, a [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] tower was added to the church. The bodies of some of the victims of the Prešov slaughterhouse lay beneath it.<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
The first manor house is a single-storey building with flat ceilings. Today it houses a special primary school.<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
The second manor house dates from the second half of the 18th century. The rooms in this mansion are vaulted with [[Prussian vault|Prussian vaults]].<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
An important event for the village of Svinia is the secret burial of the burghers of Prešov, who were executed by [[Antonio Caraffa|General Antonio di Caraff]] (1646 - 1693) in 1687.<ref name="Svinia web history" /> |
|||
==Demographics== |
|||
| ⚫ | Svinia consists of two settlements of similar size, one inhabited by [[Slovaks]] and the other by [[Romani people|Romani]]. The Svinia Romani settlement was visited and "discovered" by Canadian anthropologists in 1993, and became the subject of the documentary film ''[[The Gypsies of Svinia]]''. The team was shocked at the appalling and unsanitary living conditions, the 100% [[unemployment]], and the deep racial divide between white Svinia and Romani Svinia.<ref>http://svinia.org/</ref> Svinia has since become infamous in Europe and has been the subject of studies, books and films. International projects to improve life for the Romani in Svinia have been ongoing since the 1990s. |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Revision as of 17:18, 26 December 2021
Svinia | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 | |
  Svinia Location of Svinia in Slovakia | |
| Coordinates: 49°01′N 21°08′E / 49.017°N 21.133°E | |
| Country | Slovakia |
| Region | Prešov |
| District | Prešov |
| Area | |
| • Total | 14.73 km2 (5.69 sq mi) |
| Population (2004-12-31) | |
| • Total | 1,452 |
| • Density | 99/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 082 32 |
| Car plate | PO |
Svinia (Template:Lang-hu) is a village of some 1,500 people (as of 2005[1]) in eastern Slovakia about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west from Prešov. The village covers an area of 14.734 square kilometres (5.689 sq mi). Svinia is located in the Šariš Highlands in the valley of Veľká and Mala Svinka. The village is one of the oldest villages in the former Šariš County. The village belonged to the Hungarian Merše family from Budapest from 1262 to 1918. Until 1262, the settlement of Svinia belonged to Bár-Kalán ban of Slavonia.[2]
History
The first owner of the Svinia settlement was around 1210 the Slavonian ban Bánk Bár-Kalán of the Bór family. He was a ban of Slavonia in the first decades of the 13th century. He owned land in the catchment area of today's Veľká and Mala Svinka. He was in the service of King Andrew II.When ban Bánk Bár-Kalán died, his entire property, including the settlement of Svinia, belonged to the new Hungarian king Bela IV. This proves that the village existed at the beginning of the 13th century, although the first written mention dates back to 1262. This first written mention of the village is from 1262, when it is mentioned as posessio Sanefalva, the estate of Sanefalva. This year, the Hungarian monarch, Belo IV gave large areas of land that previously belonged to the ban to general Merše as a reward for military successes against the Bulgarians. This gift included the area covering the valleys of the Veľká and Mala Svinka streams, the settlements of Svinia (Sanefalva), Chminianska Nová Ves (Vyfolu) and Jarovnice (Jarne), which lay near the Šariš castle. This donation was also confirmed by the following rulers Stephen V. and Ladislaus IV.[2]
There are two theories according to which the name of the village may have originated.
- The first theory is that Svinia got its name from the river. The original Slovak name of today's Veľká and Mala Svinka was Svinná. The Hungarians took this name and made it the name Szinyei.
- The second theory is that the name may also come from the word "pig". If we admit that the name captured the fact that the local servants kept pigs on behalf of the king, then the origin of the settlement would date back to the 11th and 12th centuries. However, the name does not have the characteristics of servants' villages. It follows that the village existed before the 11th century.[2]
Cultural monuments
Many culturally significant monuments have remained here in the past. These include a church, a church tower, an old rectory and two manor houses.[2]
The gothic Roman Catholic church is dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. The first written mention of the church is from 1274. After several reconstructions, the church still stands today. Below this church are the tombs of the owners of the Svinia estate. In the 17th century, a Renaissance tower was added to the church. The bodies of some of the victims of the Prešov slaughterhouse lay beneath it.[2]
The first manor house is a single-storey building with flat ceilings. Today it houses a special primary school.[2]
The second manor house dates from the second half of the 18th century. The rooms in this mansion are vaulted with Prussian vaults.[2]
An important event for the village of Svinia is the secret burial of the burghers of Prešov, who were executed by General Antonio di Caraff (1646 - 1693) in 1687.[2]
Demographics
Svinia consists of two settlements of similar size, one inhabited by Slovaks and the other by Romani. The Svinia Romani settlement was visited and "discovered" by Canadian anthropologists in 1993, and became the subject of the documentary film The Gypsies of Svinia. The team was shocked at the appalling and unsanitary living conditions, the 100% unemployment, and the deep racial divide between white Svinia and Romani Svinia.[3] Svinia has since become infamous in Europe and has been the subject of studies, books and films. International projects to improve life for the Romani in Svinia have been ongoing since the 1990s.
See also
References
External links
Media related to Svinia at Wikimedia Commons- Svinia Project at the Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC website
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
 | This Prešov Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |