Anorectal disorder: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Human anus-en.svg|thumb|Anorectal Junction]] |
[[File:Human anus-en.svg|thumb|Image 1: Anorectal Junction]] |
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'''Anorectal disorders''' are painful but common conditions like [[hemorrhoid]]s, tears, [[fistula]]s, or [[abscess]]es that affect the [[Anus|anal]] region.<ref name="gast">{{cite journal|last1=Schubert|first1=Moonkyung Cho|first2=Subbaramiah |last2=Sridhar |first3=Robert R |last3=Schade |first4=Steven D |last4=Wexner|title=What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders|journal=World J Gastroenterol|date=14 July 2009|volume=15|issue=26|pages=3201–3209|pmid=19598294|doi=10.3748/wjg.15.3201|pmc=2710774}}</ref><ref name="dictionary">{{cite web|title=Anorectal disorders|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Anorectal+Disorders|work=The Free Dictionary by Farlex|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref> Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime.<ref name=explained>{{cite book|last=Ehrenpreis|first=Eli|title=Anal and Rectal Diseases Explained|url=https://archive.org/details/analrectaldiseas0000ehre|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Remedica|isbn=978-1-901346-67-1}}</ref> [[Primary care physician]]s can treat most of these disorders,<ref name="gast"/> however, high-risk individuals include those with [[HIV]], roughly half of whom need surgery to remedy the disorders.<ref name="explained"/>Because these disorders affect the [[rectum]], people are often embarrassed or afraid to confer with a [[medical professional]].<ref name="gast" /> |
'''Anorectal disorders''' include conditions involving the anorectal junction<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Jong Min |last2=Kim |first2=Nam Kyu |date=2018-4 |title=Essential Anatomy of the Anorectum for Colorectal Surgeons Focused on the Gross Anatomy and Histologic Findings |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951097/ |journal=Annals of Coloproctology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=59–71 |doi=10.3393/ac.2017.12.15 |issn=2287-9714 |pmc=5951097 |pmid=29742860}}</ref> as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like [[hemorrhoid]]s, tears, [[fistula]]s, or [[abscess]]es that affect the [[Anus|anal]] region.<ref name="gast">{{cite journal|last1=Schubert|first1=Moonkyung Cho|first2=Subbaramiah |last2=Sridhar |first3=Robert R |last3=Schade |first4=Steven D |last4=Wexner|title=What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders|journal=World J Gastroenterol|date=14 July 2009|volume=15|issue=26|pages=3201–3209|pmid=19598294|doi=10.3748/wjg.15.3201|pmc=2710774}}</ref><ref name="dictionary">{{cite web|title=Anorectal disorders|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Anorectal+Disorders|work=The Free Dictionary by Farlex|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref> Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime.<ref name=explained>{{cite book|last=Ehrenpreis|first=Eli|title=Anal and Rectal Diseases Explained|url=https://archive.org/details/analrectaldiseas0000ehre|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Remedica|isbn=978-1-901346-67-1}}</ref> [[Primary care physician]]s can treat most of these disorders,<ref name="gast"/> however, high-risk individuals include those with [[HIV]], roughly half of whom need surgery to remedy the disorders.<ref name="explained"/>Because these disorders affect the [[rectum]], people are often embarrassed or afraid to confer with a [[medical professional]].<ref name="gast" /> |
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== Common Conditions. == |
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| ⚫ | [[Itchiness]], a [[burning]] sensation, [[pus]] discharge, [[blood]], and [[swelling (medical)|swelling]] in around the [[rectum]] and [[anus]],<ref name="explained"/> [[diarrhea]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Givel|first=Jean-Claude|title=Anorectal and Colonic Diseases: A Practical Guide to their Management |
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!Condition |
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!Symptoms and Signs |
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!Treatment |
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|[[Hemorrhoid|Hemorrhoids]](External and Internal) |
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|Anal Bleeding, Anal Pain |
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|Visual Exam, [[Rectal examination|Digital Rectal Exam]], [[Anoscopy]], Exam under anesthesia is pain is not tolerated <ref>{{Citation |last=Lawrence |first=Aaron |title=External Hemorrhoid |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500009/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29763185 |access-date=2022-03-16 |last2=McLaren |first2=Emily R.}}</ref>. |
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|Conservative Therapy |
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| ⚫ | [[Itchiness]], a [[burning]] sensation, [[pus]] discharge, [[blood]], and [[swelling (medical)|swelling]] in around the [[rectum]] and [[anus]],<ref name="explained" /> [[diarrhea]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Givel |first=Jean-Claude |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=084SC22PF-0C&q=anorectal+disorder |title=Anorectal and Colonic Diseases: A Practical Guide to their Management |publisher=Springer |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-54069418-2}}</ref> |
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== Diagnosis == |
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Doctors uses a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the type of anorectal disorder, including [[digital rectal examination|digital]] and [[anoscopy|anoscopic]] investigations, [[palpation]]s, and [[palpitations]]. The initial examination can be painful because a [[gastroenterologist]] will need to spread the [[buttocks]] and probe the painful area, which may require a [[local anesthetic]].<ref name="gast"/> |
Doctors uses a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the type of anorectal disorder, including [[digital rectal examination|digital]] and [[anoscopy|anoscopic]] investigations, [[palpation]]s, and [[palpitations]]. The initial examination can be painful because a [[gastroenterologist]] will need to spread the [[buttocks]] and probe the painful area, which may require a [[local anesthetic]].<ref name="gast"/> |
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Revision as of 16:09, 16 March 2022
Anorectal disorders include conditions involving the anorectal junction[1] as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region.[2][3] Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime.[4] Primary care physicians can treat most of these disorders,[2] however, high-risk individuals include those with HIV, roughly half of whom need surgery to remedy the disorders.[4]Because these disorders affect the rectum, people are often embarrassed or afraid to confer with a medical professional.[2]
Common Conditions.
| Condition | Symptoms and Signs | Diagnosis | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemorrhoids(External and Internal) | Anal Bleeding, Anal Pain | Visual Exam, Digital Rectal Exam, Anoscopy, Exam under anesthesia is pain is not tolerated [5]. | Conservative Therapy |
Symptoms and signs
Itchiness, a burning sensation, pus discharge, blood, and swelling in around the rectum and anus,[4] diarrhea.[6]
Diagnosis
Doctors uses a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the type of anorectal disorder, including digital and anoscopic investigations, palpations, and palpitations. The initial examination can be painful because a gastroenterologist will need to spread the buttocks and probe the painful area, which may require a local anesthetic.[2]
Treatment
Treatments range from recommendations for over-the-counter products to more invasive surgical procedures.
Among the most common outpatient advice given to patients with less severe disorders include a high-fiber diet, application of ointment, and increased water intake. More serious procedures include the removal of affected tissue, injection of botulinum toxin, or surgically opening the fistula tract in the sphincter muscle.[2]
Notes
- ^ Lee, Jong Min; Kim, Nam Kyu (2018-4). "Essential Anatomy of the Anorectum for Colorectal Surgeons Focused on the Gross Anatomy and Histologic Findings". Annals of Coloproctology. 34 (2): 59–71. doi:10.3393/ac.2017.12.15. ISSN 2287-9714. PMC 5951097. PMID 29742860.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d e Schubert, Moonkyung Cho; Sridhar, Subbaramiah; Schade, Robert R; Wexner, Steven D (14 July 2009). "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders". World J Gastroenterol. 15 (26): 3201–3209. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201. PMC 2710774. PMID 19598294.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Anorectal disorders". The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^ a b c Ehrenpreis, Eli (2003). Anal and Rectal Diseases Explained. Remedica. ISBN 978-1-901346-67-1.
- ^ Lawrence, Aaron; McLaren, Emily R. (2022), "External Hemorrhoid", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29763185, retrieved 2022-03-16
- ^ Givel, Jean-Claude (2009). Anorectal and Colonic Diseases: A Practical Guide to their Management. Springer. ISBN 978-3-54069418-2.