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'''African Light Source''' (AfLS) is currently the initiative to build the first [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] synchrotron light source.
'''African Light Source''' (AfLS) is currently the initiative to build the first [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] synchrotron light source.


There are more than 70 light sources scattered globally but Africa is the only continent without any synchrotron light source facility. The idea for an African light source has been discussed since at least 2000, and the initiative is currently led – separately – by African Light Source (AfLS) foundation and the Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) which is part of the [[African Academy of Sciences]] (AAS). As of Oct. 2022, the two organisations are not merging their efforts which makes governance a challenge since there members that are part of the two organisations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wild |first=Sarah |date=2021-10-27 |title=Plan for Africa’s first synchrotron light source starts to crystallize |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02938-0 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02938-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connell |first=S. H. |last2=Mtingwa |first2=S. K. |last3=Dobbins |first3=T. |last4=Masara |first4=B. |last5=Mitchell |first5=E. P. |last6=Norris |first6=L. |last7=Ngabonziza |first7=P. |last8=Ntsoane |first8=T. |last9=Sekota |first9=M. |last10=Wague |first10=A. |last11=Winick |first11=H. |last12=Yousef |first12=M. |date=2018 |title=The African light source project |url=https://www.researchwithrowan.com/en/publications/the-african-light-source-project |journal=African Review of Physics |volume=13 |pages=108–118 |issn=2223-6589}}</ref>
There are more than 70 light sources scattered globally but Africa is the only continent without any synchrotron light source facility. The idea for an African light source has been discussed since at least 2000, and the initiative is currently led – separately – by African Light Source (AfLS) foundation and the Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) which is part of the [[African Academy of Sciences]] (AAS). As of Oct. 2022, the two organisations are not merging their efforts which makes governance a challenge since there members that are part of the two organisations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wild |first=Sarah |date=2021-10-27 |title=Plan for Africa's first synchrotron light source starts to crystallize |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02938-0 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02938-0|pmid=34707279 |s2cid=240072809 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=S. H. |last2=Mtingwa |first2=S. K. |last3=Dobbins |first3=T. |last4=Masara |first4=B. |last5=Mitchell |first5=E. P. |last6=Norris |first6=L. |last7=Ngabonziza |first7=P. |last8=Ntsoane |first8=T. |last9=Sekota |first9=M. |last10=Wague |first10=A. |last11=Winick |first11=H. |last12=Yousef |first12=M. |date=2018 |title=The African light source project |url=https://www.researchwithrowan.com/en/publications/the-african-light-source-project |journal=African Review of Physics |volume=13 |pages=108–118 |issn=2223-6589}}</ref>
[[File:The African Light Source (AfLS) logo.webp|thumb|The African Light Source (AfLS) logo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.africanlightsource.org/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=The African Lightsource |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
[[File:The African Light Source (AfLS) logo.webp|thumb|The African Light Source (AfLS) logo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.africanlightsource.org/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=The African Lightsource |language=en-US}}</ref>]]


In Nov. 2015, the 1<sup>st</sup> AfLS conference was held with 98 delegates from 13 Africans nations at the [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility]] (ESRF), France. The conference led to [[Grenoble]] Resolutions the encapsulates the formation of the AfLS teering committee, AfLS roadmap, and the creation of the AfLS foundation, registered in South Africa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connell |first=Simon H. |last2=Mtingwa |first2=Sekazi K. |last3=Dobbins |first3=Tabbetha |last4=Khumbah |first4=Nkem |last5=Masara |first5=Brian |last6=Mitchell |first6=Edward P. |last7=Norris |first7=Lawrence |last8=Ngabonziza |first8=Prosper |last9=Ntsoane |first9=Tshepo |last10=Winick |first10=Herman |date=2019-08-01 |title=Towards an African Light Source |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-019-00578-3 |journal=Biophysical Reviews |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=499–507 |doi=10.1007/s12551-019-00578-3 |issn=1867-2469 |pmc=PMC6682199 |pmid=31301018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grenoble Resolutions mark historical step towards an African Light Source |url=https://www.esrf.fr/home/news/general/content-news/general/grenoble-resolutions-mark-historical-step-towards-an-african-light-source.html |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=www.esrf.fr |language=en}}</ref> AfLS is chaired by Professor [[Simon Connell]]. Since the 1<sup>st</sup> conference, there have been 2 other conferences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ONLINE: The Third African Synchrotron Light Source Conference (AfLS3) {{!}} EAIFR |url=https://eaifr.ictp.it/events/african-synchrotron-light-source-conference-afls3/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=eaifr.ictp.it}}</ref> By 2022, AfLS has completed the Conceptual Design and Technical Design Reports.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Newton |first=Marcus C. |last2=Connell |first2=Simon H. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Edward P. |last4=Mtingwa |first4=Sekazi K. |last5=Ngabonziza |first5=Prosper |last6=Norris |first6=Lawrence |last7=Ntsoane |first7=Tshepo |last8=Traore |first8=Daouda A. K. |date=2022-10-19 |title=Building a brighter future for Africa with the African Light Source |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-022-00534-3 |journal=Nature Reviews Physics |language=en |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1038/s42254-022-00534-3 |issn=2522-5820 |pmc=PMC9580420 |pmid=36275781}}</ref>
In Nov. 2015, the 1<sup>st</sup> AfLS conference was held with 98 delegates from 13 Africans nations at the [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility]] (ESRF), France. The conference led to [[Grenoble]] Resolutions the encapsulates the formation of the AfLS teering committee, AfLS roadmap, and the creation of the AfLS foundation, registered in South Africa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=Simon H. |last2=Mtingwa |first2=Sekazi K. |last3=Dobbins |first3=Tabbetha |last4=Khumbah |first4=Nkem |last5=Masara |first5=Brian |last6=Mitchell |first6=Edward P. |last7=Norris |first7=Lawrence |last8=Ngabonziza |first8=Prosper |last9=Ntsoane |first9=Tshepo |last10=Winick |first10=Herman |date=2019-08-01 |title=Towards an African Light Source |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-019-00578-3 |journal=Biophysical Reviews |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=499–507 |doi=10.1007/s12551-019-00578-3 |issn=1867-2469 |pmc=6682199 |pmid=31301018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grenoble Resolutions mark historical step towards an African Light Source |url=https://www.esrf.fr/home/news/general/content-news/general/grenoble-resolutions-mark-historical-step-towards-an-african-light-source.html |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=www.esrf.fr |language=en}}</ref> AfLS is chaired by Professor [[Simon Connell]]. Since the 1<sup>st</sup> conference, there have been 2 other conferences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ONLINE: The Third African Synchrotron Light Source Conference (AfLS3) {{!}} EAIFR |url=https://eaifr.ictp.it/events/african-synchrotron-light-source-conference-afls3/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=eaifr.ictp.it}}</ref> By 2022, AfLS has completed the Conceptual Design and Technical Design Reports.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Newton |first1=Marcus C. |last2=Connell |first2=Simon H. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Edward P. |last4=Mtingwa |first4=Sekazi K. |last5=Ngabonziza |first5=Prosper |last6=Norris |first6=Lawrence |last7=Ntsoane |first7=Tshepo |last8=Traore |first8=Daouda A. K. |date=2022-10-19 |title=Building a brighter future for Africa with the African Light Source |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-022-00534-3 |journal=Nature Reviews Physics |language=en |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1038/s42254-022-00534-3 |issn=2522-5820 |pmc=9580420 |pmid=36275781}}</ref>


In 2018, during the 32<sup>nd</sup> [[African Union]] meeting, in Addis Ababa, the African Union’s executive council called on its member states to support a [[Pan-Africanism|pan-African]] synchrotron. The following year, Ghanaian President [[Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo]] began championing the project. The Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) formed in 2019 by the [[African Academy of Sciences]] (AAS) and is chaired by the Professor [[Shaaban Khalil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) Think Tank {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-synchrotron-initiative-asi-think-tank |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=www.aasciences.africa}}</ref>
In 2018, during the 32<sup>nd</sup> [[African Union]] meeting, in Addis Ababa, the African Union’s executive council called on its member states to support a [[Pan-Africanism|pan-African]] synchrotron. The following year, Ghanaian President [[Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo]] began championing the project. The Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) formed in 2019 by the [[African Academy of Sciences]] (AAS) and is chaired by the Professor [[Shaaban Khalil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) Think Tank {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-synchrotron-initiative-asi-think-tank |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=www.aasciences.africa}}</ref>


African scientist and nations have mature knowledge in using light sources with Both of South Africa and Egypt participates in [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility|ESRF]] and [[Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East|Sesame light source]], respectively. In December 2017, [[Diamond Light Source]], UK established the Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology (START) with a £3.7 million [[UK Research and Innovation]] funding for 3 years. START aims to provide access to African researchers with focus on energy materials and structural biology. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GCRF - START: Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology |url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FR002754%2F1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicklin |first=Chris |last2=Stredwick |first2=Rebekka |last3=Sewell |first3=Trevor |date=2022-01-02 |title=Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology: A Step-Change in Structural Biology and Energy Materials |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684 |journal=Synchrotron Radiation News |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=14–19 |doi=10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684 |issn=0894-0886}}</ref>
African scientist and nations have mature knowledge in using light sources with Both of South Africa and Egypt participates in [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility|ESRF]] and [[Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East|Sesame light source]], respectively. In December 2017, [[Diamond Light Source]], UK established the Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology (START) with a £3.7 million [[UK Research and Innovation]] funding for 3 years. START aims to provide access to African researchers with focus on energy materials and structural biology. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GCRF - START: Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology |url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FR002754%2F1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nicklin |first1=Chris |last2=Stredwick |first2=Rebekka |last3=Sewell |first3=Trevor |date=2022-01-02 |title=Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology: A Step-Change in Structural Biology and Energy Materials |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684 |journal=Synchrotron Radiation News |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=14–19 |doi=10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684 |bibcode=2022SRNew..35a..14N |s2cid=247431515 |issn=0894-0886}}</ref>


The facility is estimated to cost 1 billion US dollars to be realised and $100 million for annual running costs. The ability of African nations in funding the project has been questioned since they struggle to fund national projects. <ref name=":0" />
The facility is estimated to cost 1 billion US dollars to be realised and $100 million for annual running costs. The ability of African nations in funding the project has been questioned since they struggle to fund national projects. <ref name=":0" />

Revision as of 01:33, 30 October 2022

African Light Source (AfLS) is currently the initiative to build the first Pan-African synchrotron light source.

There are more than 70 light sources scattered globally but Africa is the only continent without any synchrotron light source facility. The idea for an African light source has been discussed since at least 2000, and the initiative is currently led – separately – by African Light Source (AfLS) foundation and the Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) which is part of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS). As of Oct. 2022, the two organisations are not merging their efforts which makes governance a challenge since there members that are part of the two organisations.[1][2]

File:The African Light Source (AfLS) logo.webp
The African Light Source (AfLS) logo[3]

In Nov. 2015, the 1st AfLS conference was held with 98 delegates from 13 Africans nations at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France. The conference led to Grenoble Resolutions the encapsulates the formation of the AfLS teering committee, AfLS roadmap, and the creation of the AfLS foundation, registered in South Africa. [4][5] AfLS is chaired by Professor Simon Connell. Since the 1st conference, there have been 2 other conferences.[6] By 2022, AfLS has completed the Conceptual Design and Technical Design Reports.[7]

In 2018, during the 32nd African Union meeting, in Addis Ababa, the African Union’s executive council called on its member states to support a pan-African synchrotron. The following year, Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo began championing the project. The Africa Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) formed in 2019 by the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) and is chaired by the Professor Shaaban Khalil.[8]

African scientist and nations have mature knowledge in using light sources with Both of South Africa and Egypt participates in ESRF and Sesame light source, respectively. In December 2017, Diamond Light Source, UK established the Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology (START) with a £3.7 million UK Research and Innovation funding for 3 years. START aims to provide access to African researchers with focus on energy materials and structural biology. [9][10]

The facility is estimated to cost 1 billion US dollars to be realised and $100 million for annual running costs. The ability of African nations in funding the project has been questioned since they struggle to fund national projects. [1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Wild, Sarah (2021-10-27). "Plan for Africa's first synchrotron light source starts to crystallize". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02938-0. PMID 34707279. S2CID 240072809.
  2. ^ Connell, S. H.; Mtingwa, S. K.; Dobbins, T.; Masara, B.; Mitchell, E. P.; Norris, L.; Ngabonziza, P.; Ntsoane, T.; Sekota, M.; Wague, A.; Winick, H.; Yousef, M. (2018). "The African light source project". African Review of Physics. 13: 108–118. ISSN 2223-6589.
  3. ^ "Home". The African Lightsource. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  4. ^ Connell, Simon H.; Mtingwa, Sekazi K.; Dobbins, Tabbetha; Khumbah, Nkem; Masara, Brian; Mitchell, Edward P.; Norris, Lawrence; Ngabonziza, Prosper; Ntsoane, Tshepo; Winick, Herman (2019-08-01). "Towards an African Light Source". Biophysical Reviews. 11 (4): 499–507. doi:10.1007/s12551-019-00578-3. ISSN 1867-2469. PMC 6682199. PMID 31301018.
  5. ^ "Grenoble Resolutions mark historical step towards an African Light Source". www.esrf.fr. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  6. ^ "ONLINE: The Third African Synchrotron Light Source Conference (AfLS3) | EAIFR". eaifr.ictp.it. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  7. ^ Newton, Marcus C.; Connell, Simon H.; Mitchell, Edward P.; Mtingwa, Sekazi K.; Ngabonziza, Prosper; Norris, Lawrence; Ntsoane, Tshepo; Traore, Daouda A. K. (2022-10-19). "Building a brighter future for Africa with the African Light Source". Nature Reviews Physics: 1–2. doi:10.1038/s42254-022-00534-3. ISSN 2522-5820. PMC 9580420. PMID 36275781.
  8. ^ "The African Synchrotron Initiative (ASI) Think Tank | The AAS". www.aasciences.africa. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  9. ^ "GCRF - START: Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology".
  10. ^ Nicklin, Chris; Stredwick, Rebekka; Sewell, Trevor (2022-01-02). "Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology: A Step-Change in Structural Biology and Energy Materials". Synchrotron Radiation News. 35 (1): 14–19. Bibcode:2022SRNew..35a..14N. doi:10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684. ISSN 0894-0886. S2CID 247431515.
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