Orléanais: Difference between revisions

Orléanais
Orléanais
1498–1791
	Flag Coat of arms
	; Location of Orléanais within France (1789 borders)
Capital	Orléans
Demonym	Orléanois
Government
• Type	Province
King of France
• 1498–1515	Louis XII
• 1774–1791	Louis XVI
Governor of Orléanais
• 1498–1504	Guillaume de Montmorency
• 1784–1791	Aymery Louis Roger
History
• Established	1498
• Province dissolved	1791
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Duchy of Orléans
	County of Blois
	County of Chartres
	County of Étampes
Loiret
Loir-et-Cher
Eure-et-Loir
Seine-et-Oise
Yonne
Today part of	France

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Orléanais (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ]) is a former province of France, which was created during the Renaissance by merging four former counties and towns. However after the French Revolution, the province was dissolved in 1791 and succeeded by five départments (less some communes to others).

Province

The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old Duchy of Orléans and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including Orléans, Blois, Vendôme, Chartrès, and Étampes. With the duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an English county or American state).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality (Géneralité) or General Government (Gouvernment Général) and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de-jure owner of the land, but the Governor was de-facto overseer of the province.^[5]^[6]^[2]^[4]^[7]

In 1776, as part of a reorganisation of the military general governments (provinces), the governments were divided into three categories. The highest or "most important" were the First Category including notably Rennes, Lyon, Aix, Strasbourg, and Metz; the Second Category included Orléanais, La Rochelle, Angoulême, Nevers; and the Special Category including Paris and Monaco.^[8] The first category's military governor was to be a Marshal of France, the second class were reserved for Lieutenant Generals, and the special regions were assigned by the King.^[9]

In 1791, under the auspicious of 'unity of France', the provinces were dissolved and succeeded by smaller départments. The former province was split between several new départments: Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Seine-et-Oise, and Yonne.^[5]^[6]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[7]^[10]

Some communes joined other départments, including:

Administration

Governors

A governor of a province in France before the revolution was initially the representative of the King in the area and held no real power. Until the transformations under Louis XIV, the governorship of a province was more of a de-jure appointment, and had no status in decision making. However, after Louis XIV's reforms, the governorship of a province transformed into a military-held appointment. From then, the governor was not just the King's representative, but also military commander of the area. In addition to his military duties, the governor was de-facto leader of the province while the titular holder (ex: Duke of Orléans) was de-jure owner of the province.^[4]^[11] Below is a list of the Governors of Orléanais:^[12]^[4]^[13]

Portrait	Name	Tenure	Apointee
Portrait de Guillaume de Montmorency - MBA Lyon	Guillaume de Montmorency, Seigneur of Châteauneuf and of Damville	1498 – 1504	Louis XII
?uestionmark	Lancelot du Lac, Seigneur of Chamerolles and of Chilleurs	1504 – 1536	Louis XII
?uestionmark	Claude du Lac, Baron of Broyes, Seigneur of Chamerolles and of Chilleurs	1537 – 1548	Francis I
Blason de Brou	Claude Robertet, Baron of Alluye and of Brou	1548 – 1563	Henry II
?uestionmark	Philibert de Marcilly, Seigneur of Sipierre	1563 – 1565	Charles IX
	François de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier	1565 – 1569	Charles IX
	Artus de Cossé-Brissac, Baron of Gonnor, Count of Secondigny	1569 – 1582	Charles IX
	Philippe Hurault, Count of Chiverny and of Limoux	1582	Henry III
?uestionmark	François de Balzac, Seigneur of Entraigues	1582 – 1588	Henry III
?uestionmark	Guillaume Charles de Balzac, Seigneur of Marcoussy	1588 – 1596	Henry III
	François d'Orléans Longueville, Count of Saint-Pol	1596 – 1615	Henry IV
?uestionmark	Léonor II d'Orléans, Duke of Fronsac	1615 – 1622	Louis XIII
?uestionmark	François de Valois, Duke of Fronsac	1622 – 1630	Louis XIII
Chambord - tableau Gaston d'Orléans	Gaston de Bourbon, Duke of Orléans	1630 – 1634	Louis XIII
?uestionmark	Charles d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, Marquis of Alluyes	1635 – 21 December 1666	Louis XIII
?uestionmark	Paul d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, Marquis of Alluyes	30 March 1667 – 1690	Louis XIV
Le cardinal François de Sourdis par Le Bernin	François d'Escoubleau, Count of Sourdis, Seigner of Gaujac, Estillac, and of Chabanais	8 January 1690 – 21 September 1707	Louis XIV
1710 portrait of Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duke of Antin wearing the Order of the Holy Spirit by Hyacinthe Rigaud (Versailles)	Louis-Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondron, Marquis of Antin and of Montespan, Duke of Antin	28 September 1707 – 2 November 1736	Louis XIV
?uestionmark	Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duke of Antin	2 November 1736 – 9 December 1743	Louis XV
?uestionmark	Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duke of Antin	11 December 1743 – 13 September 1757	Louis XV
?uestionmark	François Charles, Count of Rochechouart-Faudoas	2 November 1757 – 25 August 1784	Louis XV
?uestionmark	Aymery Louis Roger, Count of Rochechouart-Faudoas	7 November 1784 – 1 January 1791	Louis XVI

Assemblies

In 1558, most provinces in France were separated further into tax districts or Élections. Orléanais included the following: Beauce, Blésois, Vendômois, Bas-Vendômois, Chartrès, Dunois, and Gâtinais (only part).^[3]^[14]

The Généralite of Orléanis had a 52 member assembly in Orléans who worked alongside the Duke of Orléans to run the province. Among the notable presidents was Anne-Charles-Sigismond de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Duke of Montmorency-Luxembourg.^[3]

Footnotes

^ "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lavergne, Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte (1879). Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d de Lavergne, p. 161–162
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Masson, p. 33
^ ^a ^b "Orléanais", Wikipédia (in French), 23 February 2022, retrieved 27 October 2022
^ ^a ^b "Orléanais | historical region, France | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b Buisson, Ferdinand Edouard (1887). Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire (in French). Hachette et cie.
^ Masson, p. 33
^ Mason, p. 34
^ Masson, p. 219
^ Duquesne, p. 331
^ Polluche, Daniel (1778). Essais historiques sur Orléans ou description topographique et critique de cette capitale et de ses environs (in French). Couret de Villeneuve.
^ "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ de Lavergne, p. 172

References

de la Madelaine, Philipon (1845). L'Orléanais, histoire des ducs et du duché d'Orléans : comprenant l'histoire et la description de la Beauce, du Pays Chartrain, du Blésois, du Vendômois, du Gâtinais, du Perche et de ce qui constituait l'ancienne généralité d'Orléans (in French). Paris, France: Mallet Publishing.
de Vassal, C. (1863). Nobiliaire de l'Orléanais (in French). Orléans, France: H. Herbuison.
de Lavergne, Louis Gabriel Léonce (1864). Les Assemblées Provinciales sous Louis XVI [The Provincial Assemblies under Louis XVI] (in French). Paris, France: Michel Lévy frères.
Duquesne, Jean (2003). Dictionnaire des Gouverneurs de Province: Novembre 1315 – Février 1791 [Dictionary of Provincial Governors: November 1315 – February 1791] (in French). Paris, France: Christian. ISBN 978-2864960997. OCLC 53216067.
Masson, Jean-Louis (1984). Provinces, Départements, Régions : l'Organisation Administrative de la France d'Hier à Demain [Provinces, Department, Regions: the Administrative Organization of France from Yesterday to Tomorrow] (in French). Paris, France: Éditions Fernand Lanore. ISBN 978-2851570031. OCLC 13245577.

External links

Media related to Orléanais at Wikimedia Commons

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[:5-1] "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

[:3-2] Lavergne, Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte (1879). Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[:6-3] Lavergne, p. 161–162

[:7-4] Masson, p. 33

[:0-5] "Orléanais", Wikipédia (in French), 23 February 2022, retrieved 27 October 2022

[:2-6] "Orléanais | historical region, France | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

[:1-7] Buisson, Ferdinand Edouard (1887). Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire (in French). Hachette et cie.

[8] Masson, p. 33

[9] Mason, p. 34

[10] Masson, p. 219

[11] Duquesne, p. 331

[:4-12] Polluche, Daniel (1778). Essais historiques sur Orléans ou description topographique et critique de cette capitale et de ses environs (in French). Couret de Villeneuve.

[13] "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

[14] Lavergne, p. 172

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@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 == Province ==
-The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old [[Duchy of Orléans]] and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including the [[Count of Orléans|Orléans]], [[County of Blois|Blois]], [[County of Vendôme|Vendôme]], [[List of counts and dukes of Chartres|Chartrès]], and [[Counts and dukes of Étampes|Étampes]]. With the duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an [[Counties of England|English county]] or [[U.S. state|American state]]).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Provinces of France to 1791 |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/France_prov.html#Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Lavergne |first=Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6532361k |title=Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,... |date=1879 |language=EN}}</ref><ref name=":6">de Lavergne, p. 161–162</ref><ref name=":7">Masson, p. 33</ref>
+The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old [[Duchy of Orléans]] and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including [[County of Orléans|Orléans]], [[County of Blois|Blois]], [[County of Vendôme|Vendôme]], [[County of Chartres|Chartrès]], and [[County of Étampes|Étampes]]. With the duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an [[Counties of England|English county]] or [[U.S. state|American state]]).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Provinces of France to 1791 |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/France_prov.html#Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Lavergne |first=Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6532361k |title=Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,... |date=1879 |language=EN}}</ref><ref name=":6">de Lavergne, p. 161–162</ref><ref name=":7">Masson, p. 33</ref>
 In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality (''Géneralité'') or General Government (''Gouvernment Général'') and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de-jure owner of the land, but the Governor was de-facto overseer of the province.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Orléanais |date=2022-02-23 |url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9anais&oldid=191324900 |work=Wikipédia |language=fr |access-date=2022-10-27}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Orléanais {{!}} historical region, France {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Buisson |first=Ferdinand Edouard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZc_AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Province+d'Orl%C3%A9anais%22&pg=PA2180 |title=Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire |date=1887 |publisher=Hachette et cie |language=fr}}</ref>

v t e Historical provinces of France
General governments	Alsace Angoumois Anjou Artois Aunis Auvergne Béarn Berry Bourbonnais Brittany Burgundy Champagne Corsica Dauphiné Flanders Foix Franche-Comté Gascony Guyenne Hainaut Île-de-France Languedoc Limousin Lorraine and Barrois Lyonnais Maine Marche Lower Navarre Nivernais Normandy Orléanais Perche Picardy Poitou Provence Roussillon Saintonge Touraine Trois-Évêchés
Minor provinces and regions	Agenais Armagnac Beaujolais Bigorre Bresse Bugey Cambrésis Cévennes Comminges Couserans Dombes Forez Gâtinais Gévaudan Gex Labourd Nébouzan Périgord Ponthieu Quercy Rouergue Soule Valromey Velay Vermandois Vivarais
Foreign territories in 1789	Créhange Dabo Menton and Roquebrune Montbéliard Mulhouse Nice Salm-Salm Sarrewerden Savoy Tende [fr] Comtat Venaissin

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