Orléanais: Difference between revisions
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== Province == |
== Province == |
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The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old [[Duchy of Orléans]] and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including |
The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old [[Duchy of Orléans]] and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including [[County of Orléans|Orléans]], [[County of Blois|Blois]], [[County of Vendôme|Vendôme]], [[County of Chartres|Chartrès]], and [[County of Étampes|Étampes]]. With the duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an [[Counties of England|English county]] or [[U.S. state|American state]]).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Provinces of France to 1791 |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/France_prov.html#Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Lavergne |first=Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6532361k |title=Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,... |date=1879 |language=EN}}</ref><ref name=":6">de Lavergne, p. 161–162</ref><ref name=":7">Masson, p. 33</ref> |
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In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality (''Géneralité'') or General Government (''Gouvernment Général'') and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de-jure owner of the land, but the Governor was de-facto overseer of the province.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Orléanais |date=2022-02-23 |url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9anais&oldid=191324900 |work=Wikipédia |language=fr |access-date=2022-10-27}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Orléanais {{!}} historical region, France {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Buisson |first=Ferdinand Edouard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZc_AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Province+d'Orl%C3%A9anais%22&pg=PA2180 |title=Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire |date=1887 |publisher=Hachette et cie |language=fr}}</ref> |
In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality (''Géneralité'') or General Government (''Gouvernment Général'') and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de-jure owner of the land, but the Governor was de-facto overseer of the province.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Orléanais |date=2022-02-23 |url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9anais&oldid=191324900 |work=Wikipédia |language=fr |access-date=2022-10-27}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Orléanais {{!}} historical region, France {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Orleanais |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Buisson |first=Ferdinand Edouard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZc_AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Province+d'Orl%C3%A9anais%22&pg=PA2180 |title=Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire |date=1887 |publisher=Hachette et cie |language=fr}}</ref> |
Revision as of 04:39, 31 October 2022
Orléanais | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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1498–1791 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Location of Orléanais within France (1789 borders) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Orléans | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Demonym | Orléanois | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• Type | Province | ||||||||||||||||||||||
King of France | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1498–1515 | Louis XII | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1774–1791 | Louis XVI | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Governor of Orléanais | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1498–1504 | Guillaume de Montmorency | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1784–1791 | Aymery Louis Roger | ||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1498 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• Province dissolved | 1791 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Today part of | ![]() |
Orléanais (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ]) is a former province of France, which was created during the Renaissance by merging four former counties and towns. However after the French Revolution, the province was dissolved in 1791 and succeeded by five départments (less some communes to others).
Province
The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old Duchy of Orléans and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including Orléans, Blois, Vendôme, Chartrès, and Étampes. With the duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an English county or American state).[1][2][3][4]
In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality (Géneralité) or General Government (Gouvernment Général) and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de-jure owner of the land, but the Governor was de-facto overseer of the province.[5][6][2][4][7]
In 1776, as part of a reorganisation of the military general governments (provinces), the governments were divided into three categories. The highest or "most important" were the First Category including notably Rennes, Lyon, Aix, Strasbourg, and Metz; the Second Category included Orléanais, La Rochelle, Angoulême, Nevers; and the Special Category including Paris and Monaco.[8] The first category's military governor was to be a Marshal of France, the second class were reserved for Lieutenant Generals, and the special regions were assigned by the King.[9]
In 1791, under the auspicious of 'unity of France', the provinces were dissolved and succeeded by smaller départments. The former province was split between several new départments: Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Seine-et-Oise, and Yonne.[5][6][2][3][4][7][10]
Some communes joined other départments, including:
- Cher (Brinon-sur-Sauldre)
- Essonne (Abbéville-la-Rivière, Angerville, Authon-la-Plaine, Auvers-Saint-Georges, Blandy, Boigneville, Bois-Herpin, Boissy-la-Rivière, Boissy-le-Cutté, Bouville, Brouy, Cerny, Chalo-Saint-Mars, Chalou-Moulineux, Chatignonville, Champmotteux, Chauffour-lès-Étréchy, Courdimanche-sur-Essonne, D'Huison-Longueville, Estouches, Étampes, Étréchy, Fontaine-la-Rivière, La Forêt-Sainte-Croix, Gironville-sur-Essonne, Guillerval, Maisse, Marolles-en-Beauce, Méréville, Mérobert, Mespuits, Monnerville, Morigny-Champigny, Ormoy-la-Rivière, Orveau, Plessis-Saint-Benoist, Prunay-sur-Essonne, Puiselet-le-Marais, Pussay, Richarville, Roinvilliers, Saclas, Saint-Cyr-la-Rivière, Saint-Escobille, Congerville-Thionville, Valpuiseaux, Vayres-sur-Essonne, and Villeneuve-sur-Auvers)
- Indre-et-Loire (Chemillé-sur-Dême, Épeigné-sur-Dême, La Ferrière, Les Hermites, and Monthodon)
- Sarthe (La Chapelle-Huon, Marolles-lès-Saint-Calais, Poncé-sur-le-Loir, Ruillé-sur-Loir, Saint-Calais, and Saint-Gervais-de-Vic)
- Seine-et-Marne (Boulancourt and Buthiers)
- Yvelines (Ablis, Allainville, Boinville-le-Gaillard, Orsonville, Paray-Douaville, Prunay-en-Yvelines, and Saint-Martin-de-Bréthencourt)
Administration
Governors
A governor of a province in France before the revolution was initially the representative of the King in the area and held no real power. Until the transformations under Louis XIV, the governorship of a province was more of a de-jure appointment, and had no status in decision making. However, after Louis XIV's reforms, the governorship of a province transformed into a military-held appointment. From then, the governor was not just the King's representative, but also military commander of the area. In addition to his military duties, the governor was de-facto leader of the province while the titular holder (ex: Duke of Orléans) was de-jure owner of the province.[4][11] Below is a list of the Governors of Orléanais:[12][4][13]
Portrait | Name | Tenure | Apointee |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Guillaume de Montmorency, Seigneur of Châteauneuf and of Damville | 1498
– 1504 |
Louis XII |
![]() |
Lancelot du Lac, Seigneur of Chamerolles and of Chilleurs | 1504
– 1536 |
Louis XII |
![]() |
Claude du Lac, Baron of Broyes, Seigneur of Chamerolles and of Chilleurs | 1537
– 1548 |
Francis I |
![]() |
Claude Robertet, Baron of Alluye and of Brou | 1548
– 1563 |
Henry II |
![]() |
Philibert de Marcilly, Seigneur of Sipierre | 1563
– 1565 |
Charles IX |
François de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier | 1565
– 1569 |
Charles IX | |
![]() |
Artus de Cossé-Brissac, Baron of Gonnor, Count of Secondigny | 1569
– 1582 |
Charles IX |
![]() |
Philippe Hurault, Count of Chiverny and of Limoux | 1582
|
Henry III |
![]() |
François de Balzac, Seigneur of Entraigues | 1582
– 1588 |
Henry III |
![]() |
Guillaume Charles de Balzac, Seigneur of Marcoussy | 1588
– 1596 |
Henry III |
![]() |
François d'Orléans Longueville, Count of Saint-Pol | 1596
– 1615 |
Henry IV |
![]() |
Léonor II d'Orléans, Duke of Fronsac | 1615
– 1622 |
Louis XIII |
![]() |
François de Valois, Duke of Fronsac | 1622
– 1630 |
Louis XIII |
![]() |
Gaston de Bourbon, Duke of Orléans | 1630
– 1634 |
Louis XIII |
![]() |
Charles d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, Marquis of Alluyes | 1635
– 21 December 1666 |
Louis XIII |
![]() |
Paul d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, Marquis of Alluyes | 30 March 1667
– 1690 |
Louis XIV |
![]() |
François d'Escoubleau, Count of Sourdis, Seigner of Gaujac, Estillac, and of Chabanais | 8 January 1690
– 21 September 1707 |
Louis XIV |
![]() |
Louis-Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondron, Marquis of Antin and of Montespan, Duke of Antin | 28 September 1707
– 2 November 1736 |
Louis XIV |
![]() |
Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duke of Antin | 2 November 1736
– 9 December 1743 |
Louis XV |
![]() |
Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Duke of Antin | 11 December 1743
– 13 September 1757 |
Louis XV |
![]() |
François Charles, Count of Rochechouart-Faudoas | 2 November 1757
– 25 August 1784 |
Louis XV |
![]() |
Aymery Louis Roger, Count of Rochechouart-Faudoas | 7 November 1784
– 1 January 1791 |
Louis XVI |
Assemblies
In 1558, most provinces in France were separated further into tax districts or Élections. Orléanais included the following: Beauce, Blésois, Vendômois, Bas-Vendômois, Chartrès, Dunois, and Gâtinais (only part).[3][14]
The Généralite of Orléanis had a 52 member assembly in Orléans who worked alongside the Duke of Orléans to run the province. Among the notable presidents was Anne-Charles-Sigismond de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Duke of Montmorency-Luxembourg.[3]
Footnotes
- ^ "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Lavergne, Léonce de (1809-1880) Auteur du texte (1879). Les assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI (2e édition) / par M. Léonce de Lavergne,...
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d de Lavergne, p. 161–162
- ^ a b c d e Masson, p. 33
- ^ a b "Orléanais", Wikipédia (in French), 23 February 2022, retrieved 27 October 2022
- ^ a b "Orléanais | historical region, France | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ a b Buisson, Ferdinand Edouard (1887). Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire (in French). Hachette et cie.
- ^ Masson, p. 33
- ^ Mason, p. 34
- ^ Masson, p. 219
- ^ Duquesne, p. 331
- ^ Polluche, Daniel (1778). Essais historiques sur Orléans ou description topographique et critique de cette capitale et de ses environs (in French). Couret de Villeneuve.
- ^ "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ de Lavergne, p. 172
References
- de la Madelaine, Philipon (1845). L'Orléanais, histoire des ducs et du duché d'Orléans : comprenant l'histoire et la description de la Beauce, du Pays Chartrain, du Blésois, du Vendômois, du Gâtinais, du Perche et de ce qui constituait l'ancienne généralité d'Orléans (in French). Paris, France: Mallet Publishing.
- de Vassal, C. (1863). Nobiliaire de l'Orléanais (in French). Orléans, France: H. Herbuison.
- de Lavergne, Louis Gabriel Léonce (1864). Les Assemblées Provinciales sous Louis XVI [The Provincial Assemblies under Louis XVI] (in French). Paris, France: Michel Lévy frères.
- Duquesne, Jean (2003). Dictionnaire des Gouverneurs de Province: Novembre 1315 – Février 1791 [Dictionary of Provincial Governors: November 1315 – February 1791] (in French). Paris, France: Christian. ISBN 978-2864960997. OCLC 53216067.
- Masson, Jean-Louis (1984). Provinces, Départements, Régions : l'Organisation Administrative de la France d'Hier à Demain [Provinces, Department, Regions: the Administrative Organization of France from Yesterday to Tomorrow] (in French). Paris, France: Éditions Fernand Lanore. ISBN 978-2851570031. OCLC 13245577.
External links
Media related to Orléanais at Wikimedia Commons
- States and territories established in 1498
- States and territories disestablished in 1791
- Centre-Val de Loire geography stubs
- Orléanais
- French language
- Former provinces of France
- History of Île-de-France
- History of Centre-Val de Loire
- History of Pays de la Loire
- History of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
- History of Cher (department)
- History of Essonne
- History of Eure-et-Loir
- History of Indre-et-Loire
- History of Loir-et-Cher
- History of Orléans
- History of Sarthe
- History of Seine-et-Marne
- History of Yonne
- History of Yvelines
- 1498 establishments in Europe
- 1791 disestablishments in France